Himawari (satellites)

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The Himawari (ひまわり, “sunflower”) geostationary satellites, operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), support weather forecasting, tropical cyclone tracking, and meteorology research. Most meteorological agencies in East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand use the satellites for their own weather monitoring and forecasting operations.

Originally also named Geostationary Meteorological Satellites (GMS),^[1] since the launch of GMS-1 (Himawari 1) in 1977, there have been three generations, including GMS, MTSAT, and Himawari 8/9. Himawari 8/9 satellites are currently available for operational use.

Status

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Name	Launch date (UTC)	Retirement	Rocket	Launch site
GMS-1 [ja; pt] (Himawari 1)	14 Jul 1977	30 Jun 1989	Delta 2914	Cape Canaveral
GMS-2 [ja; pt] (Himawari 2)	11 Aug 1981	20 Nov 1987	N-II (N8F)	Tanegashima
GMS-3 [ja; pt] (Himawari 3)	3 Aug 1984	23 Jun 1995	N-II (N13F)	Tanegashima
GMS-4 [ja; pt] (Himawari 4)	6 Sep 1989	24 Feb 2000	H-I (H20F)	Tanegashima
GMS-5 [ja; pt] (Himawari 5)	18 Mar 1995	21 Jul 2005	H-II (F3)	Tanegashima
MTSAT-1 (Mirai 1)	15 Nov 1999	Launch failure	H-II (F8)	Tanegashima
GOES-9 (Pacific GOES) ^[2]	23 May 1995	14 Jun 2007	Atlas I (AC-77)	Cape Canaveral
MTSAT-1R (Himawari 6)	26 Feb 2005	4 Dec 2015	H-IIA (F7)	Tanegashima
MTSAT-2 (Himawari 7)	18 Feb 2006	10 Mar 2017	H-IIA (F9)	Tanegashima
Himawari 8	7 Oct 2014	Stand-by	H-IIA (F25)	Tanegashima
Himawari 9	2 Nov 2016	Operational	H-IIA (F31)	Tanegashima
Himawari 10	2028	2045^[3]	H3	TBD

History

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In March 2023, Mitsubishi Electric announced that they had won the contract to build Himawari 10.^[4] Himawari 10 is scheduled to be launched in 2028.^[5]

References

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^ "Exchange of Letters constituting an Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of Japan concerning Co-operation on the Project for the Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-4 System ATS 28 of 1990” Archived 16 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Australasian Legal Information Institute, Australian Treaties Library. Retrieved on 15 April 2017.
^ Usually excluded from Himawari series
^ "WMO OSCAR | Details for Satellite Programme: Himawari 4th Generation". space.oscar.wmo.int. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
^ "Mitsubishi Electric Wins New Japanese Meteorological Satellite Contract". www.businesswire.com. 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
^ Bessho, K. (26 April 2023). Status of Himawari-8/9 and their follow-on satellite Himawari-10. CGMS-51. JMA. p. 5. Retrieved 7 December 2023.

External links

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Japanese weather satellites (Himawari)

Generations

Geostationary Meteorological Satellites (GMS)	GMS-1 (Himawari 1) GMS-2 (Himawari 2) GMS-3 (Himawari 3) GMS-4 (Himawari 4) GMS-5 (Himawari 5)
Multi-Functional Transport Satellites (MTSAT)	~~MTSAT-1~~ MTSAT-1R (Himawari 6) MTSAT-2 (Himawari 7)
Himawari	Himawari 8 Himawari 9 Himawari 10

Japanese space program

Italics indicates projects in development.
Symbol ^† indicates failed projects.
~~Strikethrough lines~~ indicate cancelled projects.

Space agencies

National space agencies	JAXA former ISAS NAL NASDA NICT JSS
Joint development partners	United States NASA¹ ESA² Italy ASI³ Canada CSA⁴ Russia Roscosmos⁵ Brazil AEB⁶ INPE⁷ India ISRO⁸

Astronomical observation

Past	Akari ASCA ASTRO-E^† ~~Astro-G~~ CORSA^† Ginga Hakucho HALCA Hinotori Hitomi^† ~~SPICA~~ Suzaku Tenma Yohkoh
Active	Hinode Hisaki XRISM¹
Future	ATHENA² SOLAR-C¹ GREX-PLUS [ja] HiZ-GUNDAM [ja] LAPYUTA LiteBIRD Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope¹ JASMINE

Communications satellites, broadcasting satellites and satellite navigation systems

Past	BS 2X 3H 3N Kakehashi Kirari Kizuna Kodama MBSat N-STAR a b Sakura (1 2a 2b 3a 3b) Yuri 1 2a 2b 3a 3b
Active	Kirameki 1 2 Michibiki 1 2 3 4 1R MTSAT N-STAR c d JDRS
Future	DSN 3 QZS 5 6 7

Earth observation

Past	Akebono Daichi 1 3^† Denpa Fuyo-1 Jikiken Kyokko Midori I II Momo 1 1b Ohozora Taiyo TRMM¹ Ume 1 b Geotail¹
Active	Aqua^1,7 Arase ASNARO 1 2 Daichi 2 4 EarthCARE² GPM¹ Himawari Ibuki original 2 Shikisai Shizuku
Future	GOSAT-GW PMM

Engineering tests

Past	Ayame 1 2 DASH EXPRESS IKAROS Jindai Kiku 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LDREX 1 2 LRE Micro LabSat-1 Myojo Ohsumi Orizuru RAISE 2 3^† ~~PETSAT~~ RAPIS-1 Ryusei SERVIS-1 SERVIS-2 SDS-1 SFU Shinsei ~~SmartSat-1~~ Tansei 1 2 3 4 Tasuki Tsubame Tsubasa USERS
Active	Ajisai Reimei SDS-4
Future	BEAK ETS-IX G-SATELLITE SERVIS-3

Human spaceflight

Past	~~Fuji crewed spacecraft~~ ~~HOPE-X~~ H-II Transfer Vehicle
Active	International Space Station (ISS) & Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)^1,2,3,4,5,6
Future	HTV-X Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui) Lunar Gateway^1,2,4

Space probes

The Moon

Past	Hakuto-R Mission 1^† Hiten ~~Lunar-A~~ Kaguya (SELENE) OMOTENASHI^† ~~SELENE-2~~
Active	EQUULEUS Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)
Future	Hakuto-R Mission 2 HERACLES^2,4 Lunar Cruiser Lunar Polar Exploration Mission⁸ (LUPEX) Yaoki

Others

Past	Hayabusa ~~Hayabusa Mk2~~ Nozomi^† PROCYON^† Sakigake Shin'en^† Suisei
Active	Akatsuki BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)² Hayabusa2 Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer² Hera²
Future	Comet Interceptor² DESTINY+ Dragonfly¹ MELOS Martian Moons eXploration Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return TEREX

Reconnaissance satellites

Past	IGS-Optical 1 2 Experimentally 3 IGS-Radar 1 2
Active	IGS-Optical 3 4 5 6 Experimentally 5 IGS-Radar 3 4 Spare 5 6
Future	IGS-Optical 7 8 IGS-Radar 7 8

Private small satellites

Past	CosMoz CUTE 1.7+APD Fuji 1 2 Hayato HIBARI HIT-SAT Kagayaki Kanta-kun (WEOS) Kūkai Maido-1 Negai☆″ Niwaka RAIKO Waseda-SAT2 WE WISH
Active	CUTE 1 1.7+APDII Fuji-3 Hitomi Hodoyoshi 1 2 3 4 Horyu 2 Kiseki PROITERES Raijin Raijin-2 SEEDS SOCRATES XI IV V
Future	DRUMS KITSUNE OPUSAT-II QSAT-EOS RSP-01 SOMESAT SpaceTuna1 SPROUT TSUBAME Wisseed Sat WNI satellite

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Status

History

See also

References

External links