G. F. Gorringe
Sir George Frederick Gorringe | |
|---|---|
 Lieutenant General Sir George Gorringe | |
| Nickname(s) | Bloody Orange |
| Born | 10 February 1868 Kingston by Sea, England |
| Died | 24 October 1945 (aged 77) Kingston by Sea |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1888 – 1924 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | 3rd Indian Army Corps 47th (1/2nd London) Division 10th Division |
| Battles / wars | Mahdist War Second Boer War First World War |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George[1] Distinguished Service Order |
| Other work | Farming |
Lieutenant General Sir George Frederick Gorringe, KCB, KCMG, DSO (10 February 1868 – 24 October 1945) served as an active field commander in the British Army during the Anglo-Boer War and the First World War, on the Palestine and Western Fronts.[2]
Early life
[edit]George Frederick Gorringe was the second son of Hugh and Louisa Gorringe of Kingston-by-Sea, and was born on 10 February 1868.[3]
He was educated at Lee's School Brighton, and Wellington College.[3] In 1886, he passed into the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and obtained his commission in the Royal Engineers on 17 February 1888.[4]
Military career
[edit]Gorringe initially served at Chatham and Aldershot, and was promoted to lieutenant on 17 February 1891. He was attached to the Egyptian Army in 1892-1899 and served with the Dongola Expedition of 1896 and with the Nile Expeditions of 1897–1899. He was promoted to captain on 17 February 1899, and brevet major the following day. In late November 1899 he commanded a battalion of irregular Sudanese troops during the operations leading to the defeat of the Khalifa (mentioned in despatches 25 November 1899[5]), and for his services in the Sudan he received the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel on 14 March 1900.[6] He then served in the South African War of 1899–1901, and was in November 1900 appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for his services.[7] Gorringe again served in the Egyptian Army in the Sudan 1902–1904.[3]
Knighted in 1915, his distinguished service during the First World War included command of the 3rd Indian Army Corps during operations up the Tigris in March to July 1916, and of the 47th (1/2nd London) Division in France in September 1916 to March 1919.[3]
In his despatch, to the Chief of the General Staff at British Indian Army Headquarters in Simla, on the operations in Mesopotamia from 19 January to 30 April 1916, Lt-Genl Sir Percy Lake, KCB reported the following:
"Major-General (temporary Lieut.-General) Sir G. F. Gorringe has rendered valuable service to the State. As Chief of the Staff to the Tigris Column from 28 January, and in command of the Column from 12 March onwards, he has shown untiring energy, ability and devotion in dealing with the many difficult situations which he had to face. He is a Commander of proved ability in the field."[8]
After the War, he commanded the 10th Division in Egypt from 1919 to 1921, rising to lieutenant-general in 1921. He retired in 1924.[3]
Gorringe acted as colonel commandant of the Royal Engineers from 1927 to 1938.[3]
Execution of HJ van Heerden, Cape Rebel
[edit]On 2 March 1901, Gorringe, as a lieutenant-colonel, formed a military court on the farm Riet Valley, near Middelburg, Cape Colony to try, in absentia, Hendrik Jacobus van Heerden. The president of the court was Captain CE Wilson of the East Lancashire Regiment. Van Heerden was executed by firing squad shortly after the court had reached its decision.[9]
Following the execution, Gorringe made the following statement:
"After the above Court had been held and the column I command were on the march towards Pearston I received by rider Lt Kirby's report. He was so badly wounded he could not attend. This report strictly confirmed Van Heerden's guilt and treachery and I caused it necessary to make a summary example on the spot. I could not wait for confirmation from higher authority as it was imperative that the enemy, then on the march to Pearston should be followed up without delay. I therefore confirmed the sentence which I ordered to be carried out without delay. I detached a squadron for that purpose."[9]
Nickname
[edit]His nickname, Bloody Orange is rhyming slang. It was said to be appropriate for the commander of a division of London Territorials and also fitted his rude and unpleasant personality.[10]
Later life
[edit]He lived and farmed at Kingston by Sea until his death on 24 October 1945.[3] He was buried in the family plot in the north-west corner of St Julian's churchyard.[11] St Julian's is now part of Shoreham-by-Sea.[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "No. 13186". The Edinburgh Gazette. 1 January 1918. p. 9.
- ^ "First World War.com - Who's Who - George Gorringe". Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Additional Manuscripts, catalogue 39". Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ "No. 25790". The London Gazette. 24 February 1888. p. 1225.
- ^ "No. 27159". The London Gazette. 30 January 1900. pp. 597–600.
- ^ "No. 27173". The London Gazette. 13 March 1900. p. 1710.
- ^ "No. 27306". The London Gazette. 19 April 1901. p. 2698.
- ^ "No. 29782". The London Gazette. 10 October 1916. p. 9857.
- ^ a b Jooste, Graham; Roger Webster (2002). Innocent blood: executions during the Anglo-Boer War. South Africa: New Africa Books (Pty) Ltd (South Africa). p. 238. ISBN 0-86486-532-5.
- ^ "Centre for War Studies". Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ "Worthing Herald". Retrieved 12 March 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Shoreham-by-Sea". Retrieved 12 March 2016.
Bibliography
[edit]- Davies, Frank; Maddocks, Graham (2014) [1995]. Bloody Red Tabs: General Officer Casualties of the Great War 1914–1918. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-78346-237-7.
External links
[edit]| External image | |
|---|---|
 Photograph of Lt Genl Sir George Gorringe |
- Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
- 1868 births
- 1945 deaths
- Burials in West Sussex
- British Army lieutenant generals
- Military personnel from West Sussex
- People from Adur District
- People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
- Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
- Royal Engineers officers
- British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
- British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
- British Army generals of World War I
- Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George