Jump to content

Freenode

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Freenode
Founded1995; 29 years ago (1995)
as irc.linpeople.org
1998; 26 years ago (1998)
as irc.openprojects.net
2002; 22 years ago (2002)
as irc.freenode.net
Geographic location
  • Europe
  • United States
  • Australia
(as of 2015)
Website URLfreenode.net
Primary DNSirc://chat.freenode.net/

Freenode, stylized as freenode and formerly known as Open Projects Network, is an IRC network which was previously used to discuss peer-directed projects.[1] Their servers are accessible from the hostname chat.freenode.net, which load balances connections by using round-robin DNS.[2][3]

On 19 May 2021, Freenode underwent what some staff described as a "hostile takeover"[4] and at least 14 volunteer staff members resigned.[5] Following the events, various organisations using Freenode – including Arch Linux, CentOS, FreeBSD, the Free Software Foundation,[6] Free Software Foundation Europe, Gentoo Linux, KDE, LineageOS, Slackware, Ubuntu, and the Wikimedia Foundation – moved their channels to Libera Chat, a network created by former Freenode staff.[7][8][9] Others like Haiku or Alpine Linux moved to the Open and Free Technology Community (OFTC).[10][11] By 16 August 2021, over a thousand projects had left Freenode.[12][self-published source]

History

[edit]
There were 23 Freenode servers around the world as of October 2014

Freenode began as a four-person Linux support channel called #LinPeople on EFnet, another IRC network. By 1995, after moving to Undernet, and then to DALnet, it moved from being just a channel to its own network, irc.linpeople.org. In early 1998, it changed to Open Projects Net (OPN) with about 200 users and under 20 channels.[13] OPN soon grew to become the largest network for the free software community, and 20th largest in the world.

In 2002, the name changed to Freenode. The OPN domains were later put up for sale, but did not sell.[14]

Governance

[edit]

In 2002 the Peer-Directed Projects Center (PDPC) was founded to support Freenode.[15][16] PDPC was incorporated in Texas and the IRS recognised it as a 501(c)(3) charity from 2002[17] until approximately 2010,[18] during which it received support from such organizations as the Linux Fund in 2007.[19]

Operations and incidents

[edit]

On 24 June 2006, a user with the nickname ratbert gained administrative privileges of Freenode administrator Rob Levin (lilo) and took control of the network. It is likely that approximately 25 user passwords were stolen as a result.[20] This user proceeded to K-line many Freenode staff members, and most Freenode servers subsequently went down for several hours.[21]

Around 30 January 2010, an internet troll organization, Gay Nigger Association of America, took an established exploit in HTML form and HTTP POST implementation (previously used in attacks on email protocols, e.g. POP3 and SMTP) and applied it to the IRC protocol to create a novel type of attack on Freenode, which had never been seen before in the wild.[22] The organization created a piece of JavaScript that caused users of Mozilla-based browsers such as Firefox and SeaMonkey to silently connect to Freenode and flood it. This exploit used an ability of Firefox to submit web forms to a port other than 80 (the default HTTP port). Whilst Firefox developers had blocked most ports some time ago,[23] port 6667, the port typically used for IRC, was not blocked.[22][24] The group used Encyclopedia Dramatica (a user-modifiable wiki, like Wikipedia) as a distribution vector, with the flooded messages directing users to click on a link to the modified Encyclopedia Dramatica page, causing those users to also become involved and resulting in a cascading snowball effect.[22] Weev, one of the group members responsible, later claimed that the attack had rendered the network "unusable [...] for days" due to what he perceived as incompetence among Freenode's staff at the time. He stated that the organization had also tried the same attack on other networks but had been shut down far more rapidly.

On 2 February 2014, Freenode suffered a DDoS attack (confirmed by @freenodestaff on Twitter) which caused a partial outage.[25]

On 22 February 2014, Freenode suffered another DDoS attack[26] which caused partial outage, followed by several botnets which attempted to attack #freenode but were redirected to #freenode-unreg. After the attacks, several servers remained nullrouted by their providers and, for a short time period, only a single server in rotation was accepting connections.[27]

On 13 September 2014, a DDoS attack occurred which caused the network to split for several hours, followed by several botnet attacks in the #freenode channel and against Freenode's services. Freenode's infrastructure team noticed a vulnerability on one of their IRC servers and evidence of compromise by an unknown third party. Freenode recommended that all users change their NickServ password for safety reasons, and temporarily took the compromised server offline until the vulnerability was fixed.[28][29] On 14 October 2014, NCC Group released a deep technical analysis of the rootkit used in the attack.[30]

In 2015, Freenode was bridged to Matrix via matrix.org.[31]

On 17 August 2017, Freenode suffered from a "fairly extensive spambot attack ... containing child pornography images." In the midst of combating the attack, the operators accidentally set a K-line banning most users of the network.[32] The spambot attack continued in the following year, involving even more networks, and was called "Freenodegate".[33] Attackers also created sites attacking the administrators of Freenode.[34]

Ownership change and conflict

[edit]

After OPN co-founder Rob Levin died in September 2006, Christel Dahlskjaer, a PDPC board member,[35] incorporated Peer-Directed Projects Center Limited in 2008 in the UK as a private company limited by guarantee without share capital, stating "general non-profit making enterprise" as its object.[36] PDPC Ltd. said it was the successor of the US-based PDPC.[15] PDPC Ltd. reported £3,060 in net assets for 2009,[37] reported Dahlskjaer as officer in 2010[38] and was dissolved in 2013.[39]

In 2017, Dahlskjaer, then the head of staff at Freenode, incorporated Freenode Limited and transferred ownership of it to technology entrepreneur Andrew Lee in 2017.[40] According to staff, they were not informed of the contents of the deal and were told that it would not affect Freenode's day-to-day operations as the company only managed the Freenode #live conferences and nothing else;[41][5] other volunteers understood the company's purpose was funding the network and running the conferences.[4][5] Freenode Limited reported no activity in 2017. In 2018, current assets were reported to be £39,276, while amounts falling due to creditors within one year were reported to be £42,098.[42]

A decline in Freenode user numbers began following Lee's network takeover (note that the collapse to zero in late July is because the service started requiring a user account).[43]

In May 2021, at least 14 Freenode staff members resigned after what they described as a "hostile takeover" attempt by Lee.[4][5] In February 2021, Dahlskjaer added the logo of Shells, a company and service which Lee co-founded, to the Freenode website.[4] Following criticism from staff, Dahlskjaer resigned from leadership of Freenode shortly after.[5][4] Following Dahlskjaer's resignation, Freenode staff elected Tom Wesley (tomaw) as head of staff and made a blog post explaining the leadership changes.[44] Staff allege that Lee removed the blog post shortly after.[4] Hackaday reported that an associate of Andrew Lee, Shane Allen, was recorded making statements that he would be promoted to staff member, and was also recorded recruiting others for staff.[5] Hackaday also reported that Allen offered Alpine Linux security team chair, Ariadne Conill, donations to her project if she joined their team and supported Lee's claim to Freenode.[5] On 11 May, Lee appointed a new person to oversee Freenode infrastructure and published a statement accusing staff members of ousting Dahlskjaer. Freenode staff resigned en masse, and some published statements outlining their view of what happened. Some accused Lee of applying legal pressure to Wesley.[4]

Lee said this was not true, and said that he had provided Freenode with millions of dollars, and that the staffers ousted Dahlskjaer as head of staff.[4][5] Lee also accused Wesley of harassing Dahlskjaer and of attempting a "hostile takeover".[4][41][5] In a statement released by Lee, he said that he is entitled to access Freenode's servers as he is the owner of Freenode Limited.[41]

Vice wrote that it was unclear what would happen to organizations that rely on Freenode.[4] Hackaday reported that Vim and RepRap had migrated from Freenode to Libera Chat, a new IRC network announced by some of the former staff members shortly after the mass resignations.[5] Anil Dash, a technology entrepreneur, stated that it was "heartbreaking to see Freenode in disarray after decades of being a vital open platform for communities."[4] Jackie Singh, a cybersecurity engineer, also thanked former Freenode staff members for their work.[4]

On 26 May 2021, Freenode took control of approximately 700 registered channels – including those of Gentoo Linux, Raku, Elixir and Haskell – which had migrated or intended to migrate to Libera Chat. This came after Freenode modified its off-topic policy to prohibit "inappropriate advertising" several days prior. The Gentoo Linux project said "We cannot perceive this otherwise than as an open act of hostility and we have effectively left Freenode."[45] Lee dismissed the criticism, stating that a "cancel culture mob has actively infiltrated major FOSS projects".[45]

On 14 June 2021, Freenode administrators launched a new network under the freenode name based on InspIRCd and Anope IRC services, intended to replace the previous network. Unlike previous migrations, none of the data from the old network, such as user and channel registration, was migrated over to the new network.[46]

Characteristics

[edit]

The network previously focused on supporting peer-directed and open-source projects.[17]

Server software

[edit]

In 1999, Freenode ran an IRCd called Dancer (based on IRC-Hybrid), then switched to Hyperion in 2005. Hyperion was then replaced with IRCd-Seven, a Freenode-specific fork of Charybdis,[47] on 30 January 2010,[48][49] using Atheme services, which were originally developed for use on Freenode.[50] As of June 2021, Freenode ran Anope IRC Services and InspIRCd.[51]

Peer-Directed Projects Center

[edit]

The Peer-Directed Projects Center (PDPC) is known as the organization which ran[52] the Freenode IRC network,[53] where many prominent open source projects hosted their official IRC channels. The PDPC was incorporated in England and Wales.

PDPC was created to run the Freenode network and to establish a variety of programs relating to peer-directed project communities. According to its charter, the PDPC exists "to help peer-directed project communities flourish", mostly based around free and open-source software projects, and encouraging the use of free software through supporting its development. Until June 2021, the GNU Project[54] used the Freenode network for communication.

The PDPC was founded and initially directed by Rob Levin. In November 2006, the board went through a reshuffle and new members were installed. Seth Schoen left and Christel Dahlskjaer, senior Freenode staffer, became the secretary and head of staff on Freenode in Schoen's place. Also joining the board was David Levin, Rob's brother.[55]

In March 2013, the PDPC was dissolved. The decision to dissolve was made in part due to the donation levels and costs associated with maintaining its status as a charitable organization in the UK.[52]

Rob Levin

[edit]

Robert Levin,[56] also known as lilo, was the founder of the Freenode IRC network and Executive Director of the PDPC charity that helped fund Freenode.[15] From 1994 onwards, Levin worked to encourage the use of IRC for free software and open-source projects. Levin was one of the founders of the Open Projects Network (OPN), and later of the PDPC.

In 2003, The Register (UK) reported that Levin mismanaged funds intended for the OPN, quoting him as writing that they went "to paying bills, to paying the rent, to buying food and necessities."[57]

On 12 September 2006, Levin was struck by a car while riding a bicycle at night in Houston, Texas. After the accident, Levin was hospitalized with head injuries. He died on 16 September, at the age of 50.[56]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Paul., Mutton (1 January 2004). IRC hacks: [100 industrial-strength tips & tools]. O'Reilly. ISBN 059600687X. OCLC 970447252.
  2. ^ "About freenode: IRC Servers". freenode.net. Archived from the original on 19 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  3. ^ Kottizen (4 March 2012). "Freenode is still growing". IRC-Junkie.org. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Franceschi-Bicchierai, Lorenzo (19 May 2021). "Developers Flee Open Source Project After 'Takeover' By Korean Crown Prince". Vice. Archived from the original on 19 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Nardi, Tom (19 May 2021). "Freenode debacle prompts staff exodus, new network". Hackaday. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  6. ^ "FSF and GNU move official IRC channels to Libera.Chat network". Free Software Foundation. 11 June 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  7. ^ Salter, Jim (24 May 2021). "Freenode IRC staff resign en masse after takeover by Korea's "crown prince"". Ars Technica. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  8. ^ "Major Internet Projects Are Leaving Freenode After Korean Prince 'Takeover'". www.vice.com. 26 May 2021. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  9. ^ "Arch Linux - News: Move of official IRC channels to libera.chat". archlinux.org. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  10. ^ "Haiku's IRC channels are moving to OFTC!". Haiku Project. 19 May 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  11. ^ "Switching to OFTC". alpinelinux.org. 19 May 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  12. ^ Siraphob, Ben (16 August 2021). "Projects and channels that have decided to leave Freenode". GitHub. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  13. ^ Filson, Eric; Rosebrock, Eric (2004). Setting Up Lamp: Getting Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP Working Together. John Wiley & Sons. p. 374. ISBN 978-0782143379. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  14. ^ McCarthy, Kieren (29 January 2003). "Buy a piece of Net nostalgia for $5,000". The Register. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  15. ^ a b c "Peer-Directed Projects Center". freenode.net. Archived from the original on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  16. ^ "History and Growth". freenode.net. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  17. ^ a b "Peer-Directed Projects Center". Network for Good. Archived from the original on 26 December 2005. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  18. ^ "Exempt Organizations Select Check: Automatic Revocation of Exemption Information". Internal Revenue Service. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  19. ^ Orion, Egan (21 August 2007). "The Linux Fund rises again". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  20. ^ "Freenode Network Hijacked, Passwords Compromised?". Slashdot. 26 June 2006. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  21. ^ Farrell, Nick (26 June 2006). "Freenode IRC Network hacked". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  22. ^ a b c Constantin, Lucian (30 January 2010). "Firefox Bug Used to Harass Entire IRC Network". Softpedia. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  23. ^ "Mozilla Port Blocking". Mozilla. 15 August 2007. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
  24. ^ van der Meijs, Sander (1 February 2010). "Bug in Firefox gebruikt tegen IRC netwerk". Webwereld (in Dutch). IDG Netherlands. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013. Een groep die zichzelf de GNAA noemt heeft voor grote problemen gezorgd bij een IRC netwerk. Ze gebruikten een bug in Firefox om het netwerk te spammen. [A group that calls itself the GNAA has caused major problems in an IRC network. They used a bug in Firefox for the network to spam]
  25. ^ "Freenode IRC is down". Hacker News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  26. ^ "We're being DDoS'd. Things might appear splitty or otherwise broken, but we and our most gracious sponsors (thank you!) are mitigating it". Twitter. 22 February 2014. Archived from the original on 29 January 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  27. ^ "Turbulence". staffblog. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2014.
  28. ^ "Server issues". staffblog. Archived from the original on 13 September 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
  29. ^ "Freenode IRC users told to change passwords after securo-breach". The Register. 15 September 2014. Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  30. ^ "Analysis of the Linux backdoor used in Freenode IRC network compromise". nccgroup.com. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  31. ^ "The matrix.org IRC bridge now bridges all of Freenode!". Matrix.org. Archived from the original on 27 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
  32. ^ "Spambot Attack". staffblog. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  33. ^ ""freenodegate" spam". antispam. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  34. ^ "Current spambot attack on freenode (and elsewhere)". staffblog. Archived from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  35. ^ "Freenode and OFTC IRC networks buddy up". 22 May 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  36. ^ "Incorporation". 26 August 2008.
  37. ^ "Total exemption small company accounts made up to 31 August 2009". 22 July 2010.
  38. ^ "Annual return made up to 26 August 2010 no member list". 6 January 2011.
  39. ^ "Final Gazette dissolved via compulsory strike-off". 12 March 2013.
  40. ^ "PIA and freenode joining forces - freenode". freenode.net. Archived from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  41. ^ a b c "Freenode IRC staff resign en masse, unhappy about new management". The Register. 19 May 2021. Archived from the original on 21 May 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  42. ^ "Micro company accounts made up to 31 August 2018". 2 July 2019.
  43. ^ "IRC Networks - Top 10 in the annual comparison". netsplit.de.
  44. ^ "Changes to the organisational structure of freenode". 18 April 2021. Archived from the original on 19 April 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  45. ^ a b Francisco, Thomas Claburn (26 May 2021). "After staff revolt, Freenode management takes over hundreds of IRC channels for 'policy violations'". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  46. ^ Hofmans, Tijs (16 June 2021). "IRC-netwerk Freenode splitst zich en verwijdert bestaande kanalen en nicks". Tweakers (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  47. ^ "ircd-seven". freenode.net. Archived from the original on 15 March 2013. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
  48. ^ phrozen77 (30 January 2010). "freenode migration to ircd-seven successfully completed". IRC-Junkie.org. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  49. ^ "Migration to ircd-seven". blog.freenode.net. 26 January 2010. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  50. ^ Conill, Ariadne (14 June 2021). "The End of Freenode". Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  51. ^ "Freenode commits suicide, is no longer a serious IRC network". Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  52. ^ a b RichiH (19 March 2013). "Bye bye PDPC". blog.freenode.net. Archived from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  53. ^ "About the Network". Peer-Directed Projects Center (PDPC). Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  54. ^ "GNU Project Will Use freenode as Its Official IRC Network". GNU Project. 26 August 2002. Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  55. ^ "Introducing the PDPC board". freenode.net. 11 November 2006. Archived from the original on 30 November 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  56. ^ a b christel (23 September 2006). "Rob Levin, a man who will be greatly missed". freenode.net. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
  57. ^ McCarthy, Kieren (29 January 2003). "Buy a piece of Net nostalgia for $5,000". The Register. Archived from the original on 31 October 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Freenode&oldid=1250014147"