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Frederick Hammersley (British Army officer)

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Frederick Hammersley
Major-General Frederick Hammersley
Born(1858-10-21)21 October 1858
Cork, Ireland
Died28 March 1924(1924-03-28) (aged 65)
Guernsey, Channel Islands
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service / branch British Army
RankMajor-General
Commands11th (Northern) Division
Battles / warsNile Expedition
Second Boer War
First World War
AwardsCompanion of the Order of the Bath

Major-General Frederick Hammersley, CB (21 October 1858 – 28 March 1924) was a senior British Army officer.[1]

Military career

[edit]

Hammersley was the son of Major-General Frederick Hammersley (1824–1902) and Sarah Mary Ann Keating (1826–1922). He joined the army and was commissioned a lieutenant in the Lancashire Fusiliers on 11 September 1876.[2] He first saw service in the Nile Expedition of 1884–85 in the Sudan, was promoted to captain on 2 February 1885, received the brevet rank of major on 15 June 1885,[3] and was confirmed in this rank on 9 September 1897. He fought at the Siege of Khartoum in 1898, and was present during the occupation of Crete later the same year, before being deployed to South Africa in 1899 to fight in the Second Boer War. He held a staff appointment as Deputy Assistant Adjutant General in Natal, and on 20 October 1899 was severely wounded at the Battle of Talana Hill. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 3 February 1900,[4] and at the same time appointed in command of the 4th battalion of his regiment, stationed at Chatham, which he commanded in South Africa.[5]

Between 1906 and 1911, Hammersley, who had been promoted to temporary brigadier general in December 1905,[6] and made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in June 1908,[7] commanded the 3rd Brigade, Aldershot Command, but was relieved of his position due to repeatedly showing signs of shell shock.[8] Instead he was given command of the Northumbrian Division of the Territorial Force (TF) in September 1911.[9]

Despite his shell shock, upon the outbreak of the First World War, he was put in command of West Lancashire Division, another TF formation, in August 1914[9] and shortly thereafter of the newly formed 11th (Northern) Division, part of Kitchener's volunteer army. In this capacity, Hammersley commanded the Landing at Suvla Bay by his division during the Gallipoli campaign of 1915–1916. However, his ability to oversee such an operation was subsequently called into question, and the Dardanelles Commission openly criticised his command. The orders given by Hammersley were deemed to be confused and the work of his staff defective.[10] On 23 August 1915, he was removed from the front-line in a state of collapse and was replaced by Major-General Edward Fanshawe.[11] He was invalided back to England, suffering from battle fatigue. Lord Kitchener had warned that he should be watched to ensure that "the strain of trench warfare is not too much for him".[12]

He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1908 Birthday Honours.[13]

Hammersley married Edith Grant, and together they had two daughters.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Obituary: Death Of Major-General Hammersley". The Times. 29 March 1924. p. 9.
  2. ^ "Whitehall" (PDF). The Edinburgh Gazette. 16 May 1899. p. 486. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  3. ^ "No. 25537". The London Gazette. 8 December 1885. p. 5937.
  4. ^ "No. 27164". The London Gazette. 13 February 1900. p. 1001.
  5. ^ "Men of The XXth The Lancashire Fusiliers who fought in the Boer War". Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  6. ^ "No. 27870". The London Gazette. 2 January 1906. p. 26.
  7. ^ "No. 28151". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 June 1908. p. 4642.
  8. ^ Col Michael Hickey, Gallipoli (John Murray Publishers Ltd, 1998), 263.
  9. ^ a b "Army Commands" (PDF). Retrieved 1 June 2020.
  10. ^ Paragraphs 108 and 109 of the Dardanelles Commission final report, 1919
  11. ^ Alan Moorehead, Gallipoli (Harper Perennial Modern Classics; Reprint edition, 2002), 102.
  12. ^ Paxman, Jeremy (2013). Great Britain's Great War. Viking. ISBN 978-0670919611.
  13. ^ "No. 28151". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 June 1908. p. 4642.
Military offices
Preceded by GOC Northumbrian Division
1911–1912 		Succeeded by
Preceded by GOC West Lancashire Division
August 1914 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
New post
 GOC 11th (Northern) Division
August 1914 - August 1915 		Succeeded by
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