Frederick German
Frederick George German | |
|---|---|
| Born | November 9, 1863 |
| Died | October 13, 1937 (aged 73) |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Buildings |
|
Frederick George German (November 9, 1863 – October 13, 1937) was a Canadian-American architect who designed a number of notable buildings in Duluth, Minnesota.
Biography
[edit]German was born in Bath, Ontario, on November 9, 1863, and attended the University of Toronto and Brentford College Institute. He moved to Detroit, Michigan, and worked there as an architect, later working with McKim, Mead, & White in New York City for a time.[1][2] Upon moving to Duluth in 1889, he worked as a draftsman for prominent architects Oliver Traphagen and Francis Wilford Fitzpatrick, including on the designs for the 1889 Duluth City Hall and the Oppel Block.[3] He then worked for the Lakeside Land Company and partnered briefly with John de Waard.[2][4]
In 1905, he started a partnership, German & Lignell, with Anton Werner Lignell, with whom he was most known for working. The two would go on to design a number of buildings together over the years, including the YWCA building and Glen Avon Presbyterian Church, and a number of homes in Duluth's East End.[5][6] In 1906, Lignell and German were hired to draw the plans for the school – Villa Sancta Scholastica Academy – and the motherhouse at the College of St. Scholastica. Mother Scholastica Kerst disapproved of the plans due to potential defects in the building's design, and the two architects were fired from the project in 1908; it was taken over by Franklin Ellerbe.[1][7][8] The two worked together until dissolving their firm in 1913.[9]
German then partnered with Leif Jenssen for a time, likely from 1913 until Jenssen's death in 1923. Their work together included the Pilgrim Congregational Church, Lincoln School, Superior High School, and a number of houses.[4][9]
Among the buildings in Duluth designed by German are the Paulucci (Stone-Ordean-Wells) building,[10] the Marshall-Wells building, and the Duluth Bethel building.[11] He also designed the Virginia Recreation Building and Virginia City Hall in Virginia, Minnesota, both on the National Register of Historic Places.[12]
German was appointed to the Minnesota architectural registration board by Governor J. A. O. Preus in 1921. He was also a member of the American Institute of Architects and served on Duluth's city planning commission for many years.[12]
German died of a heart attack in Duluth on October 13, 1937, at 73 years old.[12][2]
Work
[edit] |
- Clara M. Smith residence (1903)[13]
- A. C. Weiss residence (1904)
- Glen Avon Presbyterian Church (1905)
- Luther Mendenhall houses (1905)
- Duluth Yacht Club, Oatka Beach Building (1906)
- Marvin Memorial Building (c. 1906)
- Freimuth Building (1907)
- First Street Department Store (c. 1907)
- Donald B. McDonald residence (1908)
- YMCA building (1908)
- William and Margrette Cole residence (1908)
- YWCA building (1909)[14]
- West Duluth Independent Order of Odd Fellows Hall (1911)
- Duluth Marine Supply Building (1912)
- Ward Ames house (1912)
- First Church of Christ, Scientist (1912)[15]
- St. Anthony of Padua Catholic church (1922–1923)[16]
- 9 West Superior Street building, third floor addition[17]
- Virginia Recreation Building
- Virginia City Hall
References
[edit]- ^ a b Dierckins, Tony; Norton, Maryanne C. (2017-04-17). "Frederick German". Zenith City Online. Archived from the original on 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ a b c Lathrop, Alan K. (2010). Minnesota architects: a biographical dictionary. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 78–79. ISBN 9780816644636.
- ^ Dierckins, Tony; Norton, Maryanne C. (2017-04-17). "Oliver G. Traphagen". Zenith City Online. Archived from the original on 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ a b Scott, James Allen (1974). Duluth's legacy: text. City of Duluth. pp. 87, 164. ISBN 9780914582007. OCLC 1272610.
- ^ "Frederick German Archives". Duluth Preservation Alliance. Archived from the original on 2022-06-21. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ Silén, Saija (Fall 2008). Finnish-American Architecture and Architects in Northern and Eastern Parts of the United States of America 1850–1950: from Rural Tradition to Urban Ideal (PDF) (Thesis). University of Jyväskylä.
- ^ Mayerle, Judine (Fall 2017). "Celebrating 125 Years – The Journey Continues" (PDF). Pathways. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-11-27. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ Hollingsworth, Jana (2012-09-10). "What you didn't know about Duluth's 100-year-old college". Duluth News Tribune. Archived from the original on 2022-06-21. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ a b Van Brunt, Walter (1921). Duluth and St. Louis County, Minnesota; their story and people; an authentic narrative of the past, with particular attention to the modern era in the commercial, industrial, educational, civic and social development. Chicago, New York: American Historical Society. p. 970. OCLC 1321031814.
- ^ Moran, Kenneth J. "(Still Image) Aerial Lift Bridge: Sea smoke on Lake Superior, Duluth, Minnesota,(1975?)". University of Minnesota Duluth, Kathryn A. Martin Library, Northeast Minnesota Historical Collections. Archived from the original on 2022-06-21. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ Dierckins, Tony; Norton, Maryanne C. (2017-04-21). "Duluth Bethel (1911)". Zenith City Online. Archived from the original on 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ a b c "F. G. German Came Here in 1892 PIONEER DIES". Duluth Herald. October 1937. p. 14.
- ^ "Frederick G. German and A. Werner Lignell" (PDF). duluthmn.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-10-18. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ Dierckins, Tony; Norton, Maryanne C. (2017-04-21). "Duluth Downtown Y.W.C.A." Zenith City Online. Archived from the original on 2021-04-15. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ Summit Envirosolutions, Inc. "Historic Resources Inventory Phase IV: East End Residential Area" (PDF). duluthmn.gov. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-03-20. Retrieved 2022-06-21.
- ^ Lundy, John (2019-11-24). "Out of a former East Hillside church complex, new hope grows for foster children". Duluth News Tribune. Archived from the original on 2022-06-21. Retrieved 2022-06-21 – via Gale OneFile: News.
- ^ Renalls, Candace (2011-09-05). "Ragstock's expansion leads to renovation of historic building in downtown Duluth". Duluth News Tribune. Archived from the original on 2022-06-21. Retrieved 2022-06-21 – via Gale OneFile.