First Russo-Kazan war (1437–1445)
| First Russo-Kazan War 1437-1445 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Russo-Kazan wars | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Kazan Khanate | Grand Duchy of Moscow | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Ulugh Muhammad | Vasily II of Moscow (POW) | ||||||
The First Russo-Kazan War was a conflict between the Kazan Khanate and the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
Course of hostilities
[edit]In 1437, the Khan of the Horde Ulu-Mohammed was expelled from the Golden Horde and appeared with an army in the city of Belev, in the upper reaches of the Oka. Wishing to have a good relationship with the new Khan, Grand Duke Vasily II of Moscow sent an army led by his cousins, the sons of his uncle, against Ulu-Muhammad Dmitry Yuryevich Shemyakoy and Dmitry Yuryevich Krasny (their father gave them the same name). On the first day, the brothers defeated the Tatars, and they tried to enter into negotiations with the Russians. Confident of their victory, the princes refused, but the next day, thanks to the betrayal of Ulu-Muhamed, he defeated the Russian army. Ulu-Mohammed did not linger in Russia, but went to the lands of the Bulgarian vilayet of the Golden Horde, to Kazan.[1]
Having established itself in In the Middle Volga region, the khan decided to restore dominance over the Russian principalities. The khan began his raids on Russia in the spring of 1439. By taking Nizhny Novgorod, he approached Moscow and began its siege. However, the white-stone Kremlin remained impregnable. Ulu-Mohammed burned the Moscow suburbs and retreated. On the way back, he plundered Russian lands, occupied and burned Kolomna.[2]
At the end of 1444, he made a new campaign to Russia. Vasily II gathered large troops, but after the defeat of his advanced detachments, Ulu-Mukhamed, not daring to engage in battle, retreated, taking up the siege of the Nizhny Novgorod fortress, where the voivodes Fedor Dolgolyadov and Yushka Dranitsa. At the end of spring, the Grand Duke began to prepare for a new offensive against the Tatars, but on June 29, Nizhny Novgorod voivodes rode up to him with the message: "that they ran out of the city at night, having lit it, because they could not endure hunger any longer: what was in the bread supply, everyone ate too much." Having learned about the fall of the city, the Grand Duke was forced to march without completing his preparations, some units did not have time to approach.
June 7, 1445 under Suzdal, near the walls A battle took place at the Spaso-Evfimev Monastery. Initially, the Russians were successful and began to pursue the enemy, but in the end they were defeated. The Grand Duke himself was captured. With a large booty, the Tatars retreated and released Vasily II in Kurmysh. The present conditions of release are unknown. Chroniclers cite completely different sizes of ransom. It is only known that the conditions were quite difficult, but it is not known how much the Grand Duke fulfilled them. The prince returned home accompanied by a large Tatar detachment.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ "КАЗАНСКОЕ ХАНСТВО". www.spsl.nsc.ru. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
- ^ "КАЗАНСКОЕ ХАНСТВО". КАЗАНСКОЕ ХАНСТВО.
В начале апреля 1439 г. войска Улу-Мухаммеда подошли к Нижнему Новгороду и почти без сопротивления заняли его. В течение мая 1439 г. татары дошли до Москвы, разоряя по пути русские селения, грабя население, угоняя скот.Авангард татарского войска 2 июня 1439 г. вошел в Москву в Замоскворечье и 3 июня переправился через Москва-реку в район Зарядья. Окружив Кремль, татары пытались взять его приступом в течение двух недель, ища к тому разные подходы. Однако это не дало никаких результатов.Разорив посады, Зарядье и пряузную часть Белого города, татарское войско 13 июня 1439 г. оставило Москву. На обратном пути татары сожгли Коломну и покинули Московское княжество.
- ^ "Казанское ханство. Территория и население". tatarhistory.ru.
Между ними произошло несколько военных столкновений: под Белевым в 1438 и под Суздалем в 1445 году. Василий II потерпел крупное поражение и попал в плен. Однако в том же 1445 году за большой выкуп был отпущен.