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February 1925

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February 2, 1925: Gunnar Kaasen and his dog Balto save Nome, Alaska, from diphtheria
February 21, 1925: The first issue of The New Yorker is sold at newsstands.
February 18, 1925: Washington's luxury Mayflower Hotel opens
February 8, 1925: Stop-motion film The Lost World premieres

The following events occurred in February 1925:

February 1, 1925 (Sunday)

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  • Ahmed Zog became the first President of Albania, in addition to continuing its Prime Minister and commander of the new Royal Albanian Army.
  • W. T. Cosgrave, Irish President appealed to the U.S. for food aid. Ireland's potato crop had been severely curtailed by heavy rainfall the previous summer and autumn.[1]
  • The final leg of the serum run to Nome began as the team of Gunnar Kaasen and lead dog Balto set out from Bluff, Alaska at 10:00 p.m. into a blizzard.[2]
  • Dr. Miguel Paz Barahona was sworn into office for a four-year term as President of Honduras, after previously being a surgeon and the Central American nation as Vice President from 1921 to 1925.
  • Polskie Radio Warszawa went on the air as the first radio station in Poland, doing test transmissions for 14 months, before beginning regular broadcasts on April 18, 1926.Habielski, Rafal (2009). Polityczna historia mediów w Polsce (in Polish). Warsaw: WAiP. p. 345. ISBN 978-83-60807-50-7.
  • Herma Szabo of Austria won the Ladies Competition of the World Figure Skating Championships in Davos, Switzerland.
  • Born:

February 2, 1925 (Monday)

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  • The serum run ended successfully as the team of Gunnar Kaasen and a team of 15 Siberian huskies fronted by Kaasen's lead dog, Balto, arrived in Nome, Alaska at 5:30 a.m. to deliver the antitoxin necessary to combat a diphtheria epidemic in the Alaska Territory.[6]
  • U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signed the Kelly Act (officially the Air Mail Act of 1925) into law twp months after the legislation had been introduced in Congress by U.S. Representative M. Clyde Kelly. In addition to relieving the U.S. Post Office Department and the U.S. Army from responsibility for delivering airmail, the Act allowed the Postmaster General to make contracts with private air carriers, prompting multiple companies to venture into manufacturing aircraft.[7] The U.S. Civil Aeronautics Board would opine 50 years later that "The history of civil aviation in the United States in practical terms" began with the Kelly Act.[8] The Kelly Act has been described as "the foundation that commercial aviation is built upon."[9] The first contracts were awarded to Colonial Air Transport, National Air Transport, Robertson Aircraft Corporation, Western Air Express and Varney Air Lines.[10]
  • Previously limited to catalog sales, Sears, Roebuck, & Co. opened its first department store at 8:30 in the morning at its its headquarters at Houman Avenue and Arthington Street in Chicago. An ad proclaimed that "A sale unprecdented in Chicago's history will then begin. Never has any store in Chicago, or elsewhere, for that matter, been able to offer the savings Sears, Roebuck and Co. do! We can do it! We are the World's Largest Store."[11]
  • The location of the tomb of Egyptian queen Hetepheres I, mother of the Pharaoh Cheops (Khufu) and wife of the Pharaoh Sneferu in the 26th century BC, was inadvertently discovered at Giza more than 4,500 years after her burial. A photographer with the expedition of archaeologist George Andrew Reisner was setting up a camera tripod to take photos of the Great Pyramid of Giza (where Cheops was buried) when one of the legs of the tripod slipped into a crevice in the rock which turned out to be the seal to a shaft and a staircase. Removal of debris from the staircase showed it to be an entrance to the tomb of Hetepheres.[12]
  • Born:
  • Died: Jaap Eden, 51, Dutch speed skater and bicycle racer who won the world speed skating championships in 1893, 1895 and 1896, and the track cycling world championships in 1894 and 1895[13][14]

February 3, 1925 (Tuesday)

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  • A newspaper reporter for The Courier-Journal, a daily newspaper in Louisville, Kentucky, interviewed Floyd Collins, who had been trapped underground while exploring a cave in Kentucky. William Burke Miller, a 20-year-old employee of the newspaper, had been assigned by his editor to cover the story of the attempted rescue of Collins, who had been trapped since January 30. Small enough to climb into cave opening, and hanging upside down to get close enough to Collins to provide drinks from a bottle of whiskey and a bottle of milk, Miller talked with the trapped man on three occasions as he led rescue parties. He quoted Miller as saying "I'm not afraid to die. I've no reason to be. I believe I would go to Heaven. But I don't believe I'm going to die. I feel I'm going to be taken out alive and that I'll not lose my foot.", and reported that [15][16] Collins, unfortunately, would be dead 10 days later. Miller would receive a Pulitzer Prize in 1926 for his coverage of the Collins story.[17]
  • The discovery of the Taung Child fossilized skull in South Africa the previous November was first publicized.[18]
  • The first privately-owned bank in Bulgaria, Girdap, declared bankruptcy after more than 43 years of operation, and its three managers, Boncho Boev, Ivan Kovachev and Nikola Kovachev, were placed under arrest.[19]
  • Born:
  • Died:

February 4, 1925 (Wednesday)

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February 5, 1925 (Thursday)

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February 6, 1925 (Friday)

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February 7, 1925 (Saturday)

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  • The first elections were held in Trinidad and Tobago, at the time a British crown colony, as some residents were allowed to vote for seven of the 12 seats of the Legislative Council. However, the right to vote was limited to persons who owned rental property worth at least $60. Men had to be at least 21 years old, and women at least 30, and all voters were required to understand spoken English. People who had received poor relief six months before election day were ineligible. The local candidates had to be men, literate in English, who owned property worth at least $12,000 or who received at least $960 of rent from tenants. As a result, only six percent of the population could vote.[40]
  • Eleven crewmembers of the Japanese Imperial Navy cruiser Izumo were killed when the boat they were in was struck by a tugboat of the coast of Vancouver in Canada.[41]
  • World heavyweight boxing champion Jack Dempsey and Hollywood film actress Estelle Taylor were married in a small ceremony in San Diego.[42]
  • Born: Hans Schmidt, Canadian professional wrestler; in Joliette, Quebec (d. 2012)

February 8, 1925 (Sunday)

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Chanin's 46th Street Theatre

February 9, 1925 (Monday)

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February 10, 1925 (Tuesday)

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  • The Roman Catholic Church, represented by Vatican Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri, signed a concordat with Poland, represented by Stanisław Grabski, establishing diplomatic relations, guaranteeing the full protection by the Polish government of the Catholic Church, in return for the solemn oath of allegiance by Catholic clerics to the Polish government.[57]
  • The U.S.-Canadian Fishing Agreement was signed, outlining fishing rights for the respective countries.[58]
  • Dr. Anton Höfle, Germany's Minister of Posts, was arrested on charges of bribery the day after resigning his office after being charged with accepting 120,000 Reichsmarks the year before from Julius and Henry Barmat in return for Höfle's approval of a loan of 14.5 million Marks.[59] Höfle committed suicide two months later by an overdose of sleeping pills drugs before he could be brought to trial.
  • Born: Pierre Mondy, French actor and director; in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Paris (d. 2012)
  • Died:
  • Sir Robert Coryndon, 54, British Governor of Kenya since 1922; Coryndon was replaced temporarily by Edward Brandis Denham until a permanent Governor could be approved.

February 11, 1925 (Wednesday)

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February 12, 1925 (Thursday)

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  • The Belgian airline SABENA (Societé anonyme belge d'Exploitation de la Navigation aérienne) pioneered the first air travel between Europe and central Africa as aviators Edmond Thieffry, Léopold Roger and Joseph De Brycker succeeded in flying a Handley Page W8 F biplane from Brussels, capital of Belgium, to Léopoldville (now Kinshasa), capital of the Belgian Congo.[69]
  • U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signed the Federal Arbitration Act into law, allowing contractual facilitation of resolving private disputes through arbitration. The law excludes certain classes of workers involved in foreign or interstate commerce, such as longshoremen and railroad employees.
  • Nikolai Golitsyn, the last Prime Minister of Imperial Russia prior to the October Revolution of 1917, was arrested by the Russian SFSR's secret police, the GPU, on suspicion of association with "counterrevolutionaries", and would be convicted and executed five months later.
  • Thousands of miners around Dortmund stopped work as both a sympathy gesture for the victims of the Stein mine explosion and a protest against dangerous mining conditions.[61]
  • Born: Lev Naumov, Soviet Russian classical pianist and composer; in Rostov, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (d. 2005)

February 13, 1925 (Friday)

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February 14, 1925 (Saturday)

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February 15, 1925 (Sunday)

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February 16, 1925 (Monday)

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February 17, 1925 (Tuesday)

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  • Former British Prime Minister H.H. Asquith, who headed the government from 1908 to 1916, took his seat in the House of Lords as the Earl of Oxford and Asquith.[78]
  • The ashar, a tax on farm products that had been used in the Ottoman Empire for centuries, was abolished by the Republic of Turkey.[79] Although the term literally meant "one tenth", the amount of agricultural produce turned over to the government varied depending on local law and on the time of crop, with the result that farmers would turn to alternative crops in order to be taxed at a lower rate.
  • Fayzulla Xoʻjayev, who led the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic from 1920 to 1924, became the Chairman of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic's Council of People's Commissars.[80]
  • Born:
  • Died: Robert Coryndon, 54, British colonial administrator who served as the Governor of Uganda from 1918 to 1922 and as the Governor of Kenya since 1922

February 18, 1925 (Wednesday)

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February 19, 1925 (Thursday)

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February 20, 1925 (Friday)

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February 21, 1925 (Saturday)

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February 22, 1925 (Sunday)

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February 23, 1925 (Monday)

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February 24, 1925 (Tuesday)

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Minnesota's "Northwest Angle"
  • The United States and Canada signed the Lake of the Woods Treaties, defining the lake's boundary line more accurately, regulating its water level, and arranging for the settlement of port damages caused by overflowing that arose from work done on the Canadian side. The agreement confirmed the U.S. ownership of the geographical anomaly known as the Northwest Angle, a landlocked 123.09 square miles (318.8 km2) area of the U.S. state of Minnesota that is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, but not by the rest of Minnesota.[108] Its population of 149, mostly in the town of Angle Inlet, Minnesota, at the time of the 2010 U.S. census, and it is primarily occupied by Ojibwe (or Chippewa) American Indians.
  • Germany's President Friedrich Ebert underwent an emergency appendectomy performed by August Bier, one of the foremost surgeons in Germany.[109] However, because of infection that set in, Ebert would live for only four more days.
  • Born:
  • Died: Hjalmar Branting, 64, Prime Minister of Sweden and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, died one month after resigning because of his worsening health.

February 25, 1925 (Wednesday)

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February 26, 1925 (Thursday)

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February 27, 1925 (Friday)

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The "new" Nazi flag
  • No longer outlawed, Germany's Nazi Party was officially re-established at a convention in the same hall in Munich where Adolf Hitler had launched his failed putsch. With its launch, the organization called itself the Nationalsozialistische Freiheitspartei ("National Socialist Freedom Party"). Hitler made his first speech since his release from prison to a packed audience of over 4,000 in the hall as another 1,000 stood outside.[114]
  • The explosion of 38 tons of dynamite at Caju, Rio de Janeiro in Brazil's Guanabara Bay killed as many as 50 people but far less than what had originally been reported by Brazilian officials. While the first reports were that 621 people were killed and 1,379 injured,[115] a figure repeated nearly one century later online,[116] the announced death toll was revised a few days later to "less than fifty."[117]
An Ostehøvel

February 28, 1925 (Saturday)

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References

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  1. ^ "Irish Appeal to American for Help in Famine". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 2, 1925. p. 14.
  2. ^ Aversano, Earl J. "The 1925 Serum Run to Nome – A Synopsis (Page 3)". Balto's True Story. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
  3. ^ Kato, Hirohisa (2020-07-22). "Tribute to Dr. Tomisaku Kawasaki ― Discoverer of Kawasaki Disease and a Great Pediatrician ―". Circulation Journal. 84 (8): 1209–1211. doi:10.1253/circj.cj-66-0180. ISSN 1346-9843. PMID 32611935.
  4. ^ "All-American Girls Professional Baseball League – Mary Crews Nesbitt".
  5. ^ "John F. Yardley". Memorial Tributes. 16. The National Academies Press: 372–377. 2012. doi:10.17226/13338. ISBN 978-0-309-25280-5. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  6. ^ "DOGS SWEEP INTO NOME WITH SERUM— Mercy Race Won in Teeth of Blizzard", United News report in Kansas City Journal, February 1, 1925, p.1
  7. ^ Trimble, William F. (1982). High Frontier: A History of Aeronautics in Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 128. ISBN 0-8229-5340-4.
  8. ^ Civil Aeronautics Board Practices and Procedures: Report of the Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure of the Committee on the Judiciary of the United States Senate (U.S. Government Printing Office) p.195
  9. ^ M. S. Nolan, Fundamentals of Air Traffic Control (Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole Publishing Company, 1999)
  10. ^ "Airmail Creates an Industry: Postal Act Facts". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  11. ^ "We Open Tomorrow!", advertisement for Sears, Roebuck and Co. Retail Department Store", Chicago Sunday Tribune, February 1, 1925, p.1-17
  12. ^ George Andrew Reisner, A History of the Giza Necropolis, Vol. 2: http://www.gizapyramids.org/static/pdf%20library/reisner_gn_books/giza_necropolis_2/giza_necropolis_2.pdf The tomb of Hetep-Heres, the mother of Cheops: a study of Egyptian civilization in the Old Kingdom] Completed and revised by William Stevenson Smith, Oxford University Press 1955 ( PDF; 76,9 MB])
  13. ^ Overdijkink, G. W. (12 November 2013). "Eden, Jacobus Johannes (1873-1925)". Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland (in Dutch). Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
  14. ^ Moll, Maarten (1996). Jaap Eden, wereldkampioen op de schaats, wereldkampioen op de fiets. Amsterdam: Thomas Rap. ISBN 90-6005-356-7.
  15. ^ "C.J. MAN LEADS 3 RESCUE ATTEMPTS— Motor Jack to Be Used in New Plan— Miller Details Day's Progress", The Courier-Journal (Louisville), February 4, 1925, p.1, p.4
  16. ^ continuation on Page 4
  17. ^ "Reporter Who Prayed With Floyd Collins Gets Prize". The Boston Globe. May 9, 1926. pp. B3.
  18. ^ "New "Missing Link's" Skull is Found in South African Wilds". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 4, 1925. p. 3.
  19. ^ Avramov, Rumen (2007). Komunalniyat kapitalism (Communal Capitalism) (in Bulgarian). Vol. II. Sofia: Bulgarian Science and Culture Foundation, Center for Liberal Strategies. pp. 509–515. ISBN 978-954-90758-8-5.
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  33. ^ "Rajah of Nepal, India, to Free 51,419 Slaves". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 7, 1925. p. 1.
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  35. ^ "Passaic Five Loses After 159 Victories", Chicago Daily Tribune, February 7, 1925, p.17
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  46. ^ "Chanin's Theater at 46th Street Opens With "Is Zat So?": Playhouse Dedicated by Borough President Miller Is Leased to Shuberts for Twenty-one Years". The New York Herald, New York Tribune. February 8, 1925. p. 16. ProQuest 1113242883.
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  56. ^ "Eugene P. Bicknell Dead". The New York Times. 11 February 1925. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  57. ^ (in Polish) Stanisław Dzięciołowski, Ratyfikacja Konkordatu – III i IV 1925
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  74. ^ ""Duke" Farrell, veteran ball player, dies in Boston hospital". Hartford Courant. February 16, 1925. p. 8.
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  86. ^ VI-съезде сайланған Қазақстан орталық кеңес комитеті 2-нші сессиясы шығарған қаулылары https://kazneb.kz/la/bookView/view?brId=1658337 "VI-congress of Sailangan Kazakhstan Ortalyk Kenes Committee 2nd sessions of Shygargan Kaulylar"
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