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Fülöppite

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Fülöppite
Fülöppite from Baia Mare, Romania
General
Categorysulfosalts
Formula
(repeating unit)
Pb3Sb8S15
IMA symbolFül[1]
Strunz classification2.HC.10a (10 ed)
2/E.21-50 (8 ed)
Dana classification03.06.20.01
Crystal systemMonoclinic
Crystal classPrismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol)[2]
Space groupC2/c
Identification
Formula mass2,076.59 g/mol[3]
ColorLead-gray; may tarnish steel-blue or bronzy white[2]
Crystal habitShort prismatic and pyramidal
FractureUneven[2]
TenacityBrittle
Mohs scale hardness2+12
LusterMetallic
Streakreddish grey[2]
DiaphaneityOpaque
Specific gravity5.2
References[4][5][3][6][2]

Fülöppite is a rare member of the plagionite group, comprising heteromorphite Pb7Sb8S19, plagionite Pb5Sb8S17 and semseyite Pb9Sb8S21.[5] It was named in 1929 for Dr. Béla Fülöpp (1863–1938), a Hungarian lawyer, statesman and mineral collector.[4][5]

Structure

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Fülöppite forms a homologous series with other members of the plagionite group. The structures of these minerals differ by the thickness of a galena sheet which occurs in all of them. Fülöppite has the thinnest such sheet.[5]

Crystallography

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There are four formula units (Z = 4) per unit cell, and it has sides of lengths a = 13.44 Å, b = 11.73 Å and c = 16.93 Å, with the angle between a and c being β = 94.7°.[4][5][6]

Crystals are short prismatic parallel to [201], up to 3 mm long, or pyramidal. They are striated on {100} parallel to [010] and on {112} parallel to [110]. Forms which have been observed include (001), (100), (101), (112), (111), (223), (111) and (221).[2] Curved crystals are common.[5][6] The numbers in brackets are Miller indices.

Appearance

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The crystals are short prismatic and pyramidal, with a lead-grey colour that may tarnish to steel-blue or bronze-white.[2] The streak is reddish grey. The crystals are opaque, with a metallic lustre.[3][5]

Physical properties

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Fülöppite is opaque. A petrographic microscope can be used to examine opaque materials under reflected polarised light. Under these conditions the mineral shows moderate anisotropism, changing colour from blue-green to red-brown.[3][5] The reflectivity of a surface is the percentage of incident light energy that is reflected. It varies with the medium above the surface, such as air or oil, and with the wavelength of the incident light. The reflectivity of fülöppite in air for light of wavelength 540 nm is 31.9% to 40.1%.[3][4]

The mineral is brittle with an uneven fracture. It is soft, with a Moh's hardness of only 2+12, and heavy, with specific gravity 5.2.[3][5][6] It melts easily in an open tube yielding sulphur fumes and a deposit of Sb2S2. It is not attacked by concentrated hydrochloric acid.[2]

Occurrence

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The type locality is the Dealul Crucii Adit, Baia Mare, Maramureș County, Romania,[5] and the type material is kept at the Natural History Museum, London, England, reference 1929,248.[6] It is of hydrothermal origin and associated with zinkenite, semseyite, fizélyite, andorite, freieslebenite, geocronite, boulangerite, jamesonite, cinnabar, sphalerite, marcasite, quartz and dolomite.[6] Fülöppite was first reported in Britain from Wet Swine Gill, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria. It was described as dark grey metallic patches of fibrous crystals accompanying stibnite. Subsequently, rare dark red resinous to submetallic crystals associated with stibnite were identified as being close to fülöppite in composition.[7]

References

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  1. ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h <American Mineralogist (1930): 15: 201-202.abstract from Mineral. Mag. (1929) 22: 179-184>
  3. ^ a b c d e f http://www.webmineral.com/data/Fuloppite.shtml#.VZYMb0am2J8>
  4. ^ a b c d <Gaines et al (1997) Dana’s New Mineralogy, Eighth Edition. Wiley>
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j http://www.mindat.org/min-1559.html>
  6. ^ a b c d e f http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org<>
  7. ^ <JRS>Journal of the Russell Society 8(2) 101-102>