Exvangelical
Exvangelical is a term to describe people who have left evangelicalism, especially white evangelical churches in the United States, for atheism, agnosticism, progressive Christianity, or any other religious belief, or lack thereof.[1][2][3]
People in the movement may also be called "exvies". The term prodigals is sometimes used for exvangelicals by people who remain evangelical.[4]
Many exvangelicals attribute their departure to experiences of homophobia, misogyny, and racism in evangelicalism, to skepticism toward the Church's moral and social teachings, to a personal crisis of faith, or to sexual abuse in a religious setting.
History
[edit]The hashtag #exvangelical was coined by Blake Chastain in 2016 to make "a safe space for people to find solidarity with others who have gone through similar experiences".[1] While Twitter was originally the site with the most activity involving the hashtag #exvangelical, the term also soon gained widespread exposure on Instagram and, in the 2020s, TikTok.
The movement built upon existing skepticism of evangelicalism's official social and moral agenda, such as its rejection of LGBT and abortion rights, from within evangelical communities themselves. The movement was catalyzed by evangelicals' enthusiastic embrace of Donald Trump, and his perceived lack of "values fit" with Evangelicals' nominal beliefs.[5] Exvangelicals would be considered part of the larger movement away from churches and the decline of religious participation in the United States that has been documented by The Pew Research Center,[6] and PRRI.[7]
Podcasts spread the movement and provide space for evangelicals to work through the process of de-conversion. Popular exvangelical podcasts include Almost Heretical, Straight White American Jesus, and Chastain's podcast Exvangelical.[8][1]
Non-fiction books related to the movement include Pure by Linda Kay Klein, Searching for Sunday by Rachel Held Evans, The Exvangelicals by Sarah McCammon, A Well-Trained Wife by Tia Levings, Exvangelical and Beyond by Blake Chastain, and Star-Spangled Jesus by April Ajoy. Exvangelical novels include Hell Is a World Without You by Jason Kirk.[9] Other writers and journalists would include Chrissy Stroop and Rick Pidcock. Exvangelical musicians include Kevin Max and David Bazan.
Motivations
[edit]Many exvangelicals are young people who choose to leave their religion following disagreements over issues such as science, the role and treatment of women,[10] LGBT rights, sexual abuse cover-ups,[11][12] and Christian nationalism. Specific incidents cited by exvangelicals for leaving include the Nashville Statement and evangelical support for Trump, which they perceived as hypocritical.[13]
Purity culture
[edit]Exvangelicals often cite bad experiences with purity culture as a major factor in leaving their church; this is particularly true among women. Exvangelical women often reject being held responsible for men's thoughts, and resent the disproportionately harsh punishments women face for sexual sins. Both men and women report difficulty living up to their church's expectations, and surprise at the hypocrisy of church officials who do not live up to (or do not appear to believe in) their own sexual standards.[14]
For example, exvangelical author Linda Kay Klein writes that treating all girls as potential "stumbling blocks" for evangelical men results a cycle of fear and shame, which she and other girls experienced in secret. Klein began to question purity culture when a youth pastor in her church was convicted of sexual enticement of a twelve-year-old girl.[1][15]
Joshua Harris wrote I Kissed Dating Goodbye in 1997, a book foundational to purity culture, which encouraged young people to avoid dating and instead practice courtship and abstinence. Harris repudiated his work in 2018, apologizing for its content and withdrawing it from publication.[16] The following year, Harris announced that he was no longer a Christian, describing his experience as a "deconstruction" of his faith and apologizing for his previous teachings against LGBTQ+ people.[17]
Abuse
[edit]Some exvangelicals experienced sexual abuse in a religious setting, or by a religious leader or volunteer. Some report the abuse was ignored or actively covered up. In some cases the victim was subject to DARVO treatment.
For example, exvangelical journalist Becca Andrews writes that, because Evangelical purity culture taught her the role of sexual gatekeeper, she was at first unable to identify a sexual assault forced upon her during her involvement with Christian organization Cru.[18]
Related movements
[edit]Deconstructing faith is a process or movement in which a person challenges their personal beliefs and traditions. It results in some people leaving the Christian faith, while others remain in it but in a different setting (such as leaving a conservative Evangelical church which opposes homosexuality for an LGBTQ+ affirming one), and still others may return to the faith they originally held.
The #churchtoo movement seeks to draw attention to sexual abuse in churches. Vocal critics of sexual abuse are Emily Joy and Hannah Paasch.[10][19][1][8]
The #emptythepews movement urges opposition to evangelicalism in the United States due to its support for former president Donald Trump. It was started by exvangelical Chrissy Stroop.[20]
Reception
[edit]In Christianity Today's podcast The Rise and Fall of Mars Hill, Baylor University professor Matthew Lee Anderson said the experiences of exvangelicals were "something very different than deep, difficult, self-examination in order to find the truth" and any bad experiences that drove people to leave were "sociologically, actually quite marginal experiences inside of white evangelicalism".[21]
When a Gallup poll showed that fewer than half of Americans belonged to any church in March 2021,[22] some commentators acknowledged criticisms raised by the exvangelical perspective. Russell Moore, director of the Public Theology Project at Christianity Today, speculated that if he were a teenager today, he may also have left the church. He found that "they have come to think the church doesn’t believe its own moral teachings" and so "the presenting issue in this secularization is not scientism and hedonism but disillusionment and cynicism".[23]
Exvangelics themselves frequently report that they miss their community, to some degree, upon leaving it. They miss their congregation's support during life events such as childbirth, and opportunities for creative expression such as church music and performance arts. On the other hand, exvangelicals typically feel relief at escaping their community's judgement. One exvangelical reported "I don't miss feeling that I have to live my life in a certain way because somebody else might tattle on me to someone."[24]
Outside the United States
[edit]Although it started in the United States, the exvangelical movement has also been noted in Brazil during the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro.[25]
See also
[edit]- Ex-Mormon – Disaffiliate of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- Ex-Muslims – Sociological perspectives of former Muslims
- Faith to Faithless – UK organisation confronting discrimination against people who left religions.
- Footsteps (organization) – American non-profit organization
- Freedom From Religion Foundation – American nonprofit organization
- Irreligion in the United States
- Off the derech – Term for someone who has left an Orthodox Jewish community
- Recovering from Religion – Non-profit organization supporting people leaving religion
- Religious disaffiliation – Act of leaving a religious group
- Postchristianity
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Onishi 2019.
- ^ Frantz, Kenneth E.; Perry, Samuel L. (August 28, 2019). "The Unignorable Plight of the Exvangelicals | RealClearReligion". www.realclearreligion.org. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
- ^ "What It's Like to Leave the Evangelical Community". www.vice.com. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
- ^ Bullivant 2022, p. 133.
- ^ Bullivant 2022, pp. 146.
- ^ "Religious 'Nones' in America: Who They Are and What They Believe". January 24, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
- ^ "Religious Change in America". March 27, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024.
- ^ a b Kight, Stef W. "Exvangelicals are breaking away — and spreading the gospel". Axios. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ^ Altman, Dr. Michael J. (April 22, 2024). "'Hell Is a World Without You' shows readers how squarely they would have been on the path to Jan. 6 if they'd come of age in Evangelicalism'". Religion Dispatches.
- ^ a b "As a Teen, Emily Joy Was Abused by a Church Youth Leader. Now She's Leading a Movement to Change Evangelical America". Mother Jones. May 25, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
- ^ "The sin of silence". Washington Post. May 31, 2018. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
- ^ "The sexual abuse scandal rocking the Southern Baptist Convention, explained". Vox. June 7, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2022.
- ^ Herrmann 2021, pp. 12–13.
- ^ Bullivant 2022, pp. 136–142.
- ^ Klein, Linda Kay (2018). Pure:Inside the Evangelical Movement That Shamed a Generation of Young Women and How I Broke Free. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-5011-2482-2.
- ^ "Joshua Harris Says 'I Kissed Dating Goodbye' Will Be Discontinued, Apologizes for 'Flaws'". www.christianpost.com. October 23, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
- ^ Sherwood, Harriet (July 29, 2019). "Author of Christian relationship guide says he has lost his faith". The Guardian. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
- ^ Andrews, Becca (September 2018). "Evangelical Purity Culture Taught Me to Rationalize My Sexual Assault". Mother Jones.
- ^ "Exvangelical TikTokkers Aren't a Sign of the End Times, But Here's What Evangelicals Need to Understand About 'The Falling Away'". Religion Dispatches. July 22, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ^ Barnett, C. (August 27, 2017). "#EmptyThePews Advocates Quitting Church to Protest Trump". World Religion News. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
- ^ Chastain, Blake (August 28, 2021). "Evangelicals: You're still not really listening to what exvangelicals are saying". Religion News Service. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ^ Jones, Jeffrey M (March 29, 2021). "U.S. Church Membership Falls Below Majority for First Time". Gallup.com. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ^ Moore, Russell. "Losing Our Religion". createsend.com. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ^ Bullivant 2022, pp. 140–141, 151.
- ^ Barreto, Raimundo; Py, Fábio (2022). "Ex- and Post-Evangelicalism: Recent Developments in Brazil's Changing Religious Landscape". International Journal of Public Theology. 16 (2): 197–222. doi:10.1163/15697320-20220040. S2CID 251266321.
Sources
[edit]- Bullivant, Stephen (2022). "Exvangelicals". Nonverts: The Making of Ex-Christian America. Oxford University Press. pp. 128–C6.P68. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197587447.003.0006. ISBN 9780197587447.
- Herrmann, Andrew F. (2021). "Purity, Nationalism, and Whiteness: The Fracturing of Fundamentalist Evangelicalism". International Review of Qualitative Research. 13 (4): 414–432. doi:10.1177/1940844720937813. S2CID 225396310.
- Onishi, Bradley (April 9, 2019). "The Rise of #Exvangelical". Religion & Politics. Retrieved September 2, 2021.
Further reading
[edit]- Batchelder, Colleen (2020). Exvangelical: Why Millennials and Generation Z are Leaving the Constraints of White Evangelicalism (Doctor of Ministry thesis). George Fox University.
- Fekete, Steven; Knippel, Jessica (2020). "The Devil You Know: An Exploration of Virtual Religious Deconstruction Communities". Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture. 9 (2): 165–184. doi:10.1163/21659214-BJA10021. S2CID 234676913.
- Davis, Ashley (2019). Breaking Evangelical: an Attachment-Focused Framework for Healing Spiritual Trauma (Thesis).
- Luhrmann, T. M. (Winter 2021). "God, Can You Hear Me?". The American Scholar. 90 (1): 34–46. Gale A650413572.
- Andersen, Karlin (2020). Evangelical Erasure?: Digital Communications Technology and the Memory of Rachel Held Evans (Thesis).
- McCammon, Sarah (2024). The Exvangelicals: Loving, Living, and Leaving the White Evangelical Church. St. Martin’s Press.