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Exorides

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Exorides
Exorides wagneri
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Curculionidae
Tribe: Eustylini
Genus: Exorides
Pascoe, 1881

Exorides is a genus of broad-nosed weevils in the family Curculionidae, tribe Eustylini, distributed in northern South America.[1]

Taxonomy

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Exorides was described for the first time by Francis P. Pascoe in 1881 (p. 43).[2] A discussion about the genus along with a key to most species was published by Guy A. K. Marshall in 1922.[3] It belongs to the so-called "Compsus genus complex".[4]

Description

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Species of the genus Exorides are easily confused with members of the genus Compsus, as well as with members of the genus Xestogaster.

A "provisional" diagnosis for Exorides is offered by Marshall:

Owing, however, to the diversity of the species at present included in Compsus, it is not easy to give a really satisfactory definition of Pascoe's genus, but it is here provisionally regarded as including those forms that present the following combination of characters : — Wings non-functional; the elytra narrow at the shoulders, with the bases more or less truncate obliquely and not separately rounded so as to project over the base of the prothorax; the scrobes continued right up to the lower anterior margin of the eye; and the scape of the antennae comparatively slender, abruptly clavate, and clothed only with pubescence or narrow hair-like scales, never with broad overlapping scales.

— Guy A. K. Marshall, VI. On new genera and species of Neotropical Curculionidae., p. 202.

The scale coverage in Exorides is highly variable, from absent to dense, including iridescent or metallic colorations. Some species are able to produce waxy secretions and filaments, but this is not common across the genus.

Distribution

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Members of the genus Exorides can be found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.[1][5]

Species list

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The genus contains 29 described species:[5]

  1. Exorides abruptecostatus Marshall, 1922: 210:[3] Ecuador.
  2. Exorides bifurcatus Marshall, 1926: 537:[6] Colombia.
  3. Exorides caudatus Marshall, 1922: 217[3]= Exorides rudeli]] Voss, 1953: 259:[7][8] Colombia.
  4. Exorides corrugatus Marshall, 1922: 218:[3] Venezuela.
  5. Exorides cylindricus Marshall, 1922: 213:[3] Colombia.
  6. Exorides equatorius Marshall, 1922: 219:[3] Ecuador, Peru.
  7. Exorides equicaudatus Marshall, 1922: 207:[3] Ecuador.
  8. Exorides espeletiae (Kirsch), 1889: 23:[9] Colombia.
  9. Exorides festivus Marshall, 1952: 325:[10] Venezuela.
  10. Exorides immadidus Kuschel, 1950: 71:[11] Peru.
  11. Exorides labyrinthicus (Kirsch), 1889: 22:[9] Colombia.
  12. Exorides lajoyei (Bovie), 1907: 68:[12] Venezuela.
  13. Exorides lindingi (Kirsch), 1889: 24:[9] Colombia.
  14. Exorides marshalli (Bovie), 1908: 44:[13] Colombia.
  15. Exorides masoni Marshall, 1922: 215:[3] Venezuela.
  16. Exorides mucronatus (Faust), 1892: 18[14]= Exorides inflatus]] Marshall, 1922: 214:[3] Colombia, Venezuela.
  17. Exorides obesus Marshall, 1922: 209:[3] Colombia.
  18. Exorides octocostatus Hustache, 1938: 117:[15] Peru.
  19. Exorides otiosus Hustache, 1938: 116:[15] Ecuador.
  20. Exorides pedunculatus Marshall, 1922: 216:[3] Ecuador.
  21. Exorides praeteritus Marshall, 1922: 206:[3] Ecuador.
  22. Exorides pyriformis Marshall, 1922: 211:[3] Colombia.
  23. Exorides quadrivittatus (Kirsch), 1889: 23:[9] Colombia.
  24. Exorides rugosus (Taschenberg), 1870: 188:[16] Colombia.
  25. Exorides septemcostatus Marshall, 1922: 212:[3] Colombia, Ecuador.
  26. Exorides sulcicollis (Kirsch), 1889: 24:[9] Ecuador.
  27. Exorides wagneri (Harold), 1863: 176[17] = Exorides carinatus]] Pascoe, 1881: 43:[2][3] Ecuador.
  28. Exorides whymperi (Olliff), 1891: 63:[18] Ecuador.
  29. Exorides willei Kuschel, 1950: 72:[11] Peru.

References

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  1. ^ a b Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A.; Lyal, C. H. C. (1999). A world catalogue of families and genera of Curculionoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) excluding Scolytidae and Platypodidae (PDF). Barcelona, Spain: Entomopraxis. pp. 315 pp.
  2. ^ a b Pascoe, Francis P. (1881). "VI.— New neotropical Curculionidæ .—Part IV". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7 (37): 38–45. doi:10.1080/00222938109459470. ISSN 0374-5481.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Marshall, G. A. K. (1922). "VI. On new genera and species of Neotropical Curculionidae". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 1922–1923 (1–2): 181–224 + III pl. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1922.tb02830.x.
  4. ^ Girón, Jennifer; Chamorro, M. Lourdes (2020-09-07). "Variability and distribution of the golden-headed weevil Compsus auricephalus (Say) (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini)". Biodiversity Data Journal. 8: e55474. doi:10.3897/BDJ.8.e55474. ISSN 1314-2828. PMC 7365837. PMID 32733144.
  5. ^ a b Wibmer, G. J.; O’Brien, C. W. (1986). "Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of South America (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)". Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute. 39: 1–563.
  6. ^ Marshall, Guy A.K. (1926-11-01). "LXVI.—On new Neotropical Curculionidæ (Col.)". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 18 (107): 530–543. doi:10.1080/00222932608633549. ISSN 0374-5481.
  7. ^ Voss, E. (1953). "Neue und bemerkenswerte Curculioniden aus Colombien und Bolivien (Col. Curc.)". Entomologische Mitteilungen Hamburg. 2: 55–84.
  8. ^ Kuschel, G. (1955). "Nuevas sinonimias y anotaciones sobre Curculionoidea" (PDF). Revista Chilena de Entomología. 4: 261–312.
  9. ^ a b c d e Kirsch, T. (1889). "Coleopteren gesammelt in den Jahren 1868-1877 auf einer Reise durch Süd Amerika von Alphons Stübel". Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königl. Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden. 1888–1889: 1–58 + 4pt.
  10. ^ Marshall, G.A.K. (1952). "New Curculionidae (Col.) from tropical America". The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 87: 325–327.
  11. ^ a b Kuschel, G. (1950). "I. Nuevos Curculionidae de Bolivia y Perú. II. Notas a algunas especies de Brèthes (Ap. 7 de Col. Curcul.)". Revista del Museo de La Plata. Nueva Serie. 5: 69–116 + illus. Zool. 38.
  12. ^ Bovie, A. (1907). "Notes sur les Curculionides [Première partie]". Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique. 51: 67–71.
  13. ^ Bovie, A. (1908). "Notes sur les Curculionides". Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 52: 43–44. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.5001. ISSN 0774-5915.
  14. ^ Faust, J. (1892). "Reise von E. Simon in Venezuela. Curculionidae. Pars prima". Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung. 53: 1–44.
  15. ^ a b Hustache, A. (1938). "Compsus sud-américains (Coleoptera Curculionidae)". Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 78: 67–118.
  16. ^ Taschenberg, E.L. (1853). "Neue Käfer aus Colombien und Ecuador". Zeitschrift für die gesammten Naturwissenschaften. 35: 177–199.
  17. ^ Harold, E. von (1863). "Espèces mexicaines du genre Phanaeus et descriptions de quelques espèces nouvelles de Coléoptères mexicains". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. Série 4. 3: 161–173.
  18. ^ Olliff, A.S. (1891). Coleoptera (continued). In: Whymper, E. Supplementary appendix to travels amongst the great Andes of the Equator. London: Murray. pp. 58–81.
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