Esmond Clifford
Esmond H. M. Clifford | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1895 |
| Died | 1970 (aged 74–75) |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1914-1948 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Unit | Royal Engineers |
| Awards | Commander of the Order of the British Empire Military Cross |
Colonel Esmond Humphrey Miller Clifford CBE MC (1895–1970) was a Royal Engineers officer of the British Army who served between 1914 and 1948 through both world wars. During the interwar period (1918–1939) he became the Senior British Commissioner of the Anglo-Ethiopian Boundary Commission which became involved in the Abyssinia Crisis. He was held as a prisoner of war for most of the Second World War. After his retirement he became the British Commissioner for the Kenya-Ethiopia Boundary Commission in 1950.
Early life
[edit]Esmond was born in 1895 and educated first at Clifton College[1] then at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich.[2]
Military career
[edit]He entered the Royal Engineers in 1914 and served in France, Belgium and Italy during World War I. Between 1925 and 1928 he was an Assistant Commissioner to the Anglo-Italian Jubaland Boundary Commission.[2]
In 1931 Clifford became the Senior British Commissioner for the Anglo-Ethiopian Boundary Commission surveying the boundary between British Somaliland and Ethiopia.[2] On 23 November 1934 they arrived at Walwal in the Ogaden province and were confronted by a newly arrived Italian force and although they protested the British contingent decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident. The Ethiopians however stayed and a skirmish took place which lead the Abyssinia Crisis.[3]
Clifford became the Chief Engineer, China Command between 1940 and 1941 at which point he was captured by the Japanese during the fall of Hong Kong and held as a Prisoner of War until World War II ended in 1945.[2][4] He retired from active service in the Army in 1948 but between 1950 and 1957 he was British Commissioner for the Kenya-Ethiopia Boundary Commission.
Death and legacy
[edit]Clifford died in 1970. His report on Royal Engineers' operations in Hong Kong, 1941, is held in the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London.[5]
Awards
[edit]As an acting major he was awarded the Military Cross (MC) on 2 April 1919.[6]
He became an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 1 June 1928 for services with the Jubaland Boundary Commission.[7]
On 31 December 1935 his OBE was promoted to a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE).[8]
References
[edit]- ^ "Clifton College Register" Muirhead, J.A.O. ref no 6564: Bristol; J.W Arrowsmith for Old Cliftonian Society; April, 1948
- ^ a b c d "Col Esmond Humphrey Miller Clifford (1895-1970) Summary guide". King's College London, Liddell Hart Centre for Military History. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ Shinn, David Hamilton, Ofcansky, Thomas P., and Prouty, Chris (2004). Historical dictionary of Ethiopia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 633. ISBN 0-8108-4910-0.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Lot details". Dix Noonan Webb. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ Research Guide Far East Archived 23 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, King's College London, 2005. p. 3.
- ^ "No. 31266". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 April 1919. p. 4325.
- ^ "No. 33390". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 June 1928. p. 3852.
- ^ "No. 34238". The London Gazette (Supplement). 31 December 1935. p. 8.
- 1895 births
- 1970 deaths
- People educated at Clifton College
- Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
- Recipients of the Military Cross
- British Army personnel of World War I
- British Army personnel of World War II
- Royal Engineers officers
- World War II prisoners of war held by Japan
- Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich