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Eriophorum viridicarinatum

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Eriophorum viridicarinatum

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Eriophorum
Species:
E. viridicarinatum
Binomial name
Eriophorum viridicarinatum
Synonyms[3]
  • Eriophorum latifolium var. viridicarinatum Engelm.

Eriophorum viridicarinatum is a species of sedge known by the common names thinleaf cottonsedge, green-keeled cottongrass, and bog cottongrass. It is native to Canada and the United States.

Description

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Eriophorum viridicarinatum is a perennial sedge that forms tufts of stiff, erect stems, sometimes just a single stem, and basal leaves up to 30 centimeters long. It grows from a rhizome. The inflorescence is accompanied by two to four leaflike bracts each a few centimeters long. There are up to 30 spikelets, increasing in size as the fruit develops, reaching 3 centimeters in length. Each flower has a tuft of white or brown bristles that are long and cottony, measuring up to 2.5 centimeters long.[4][5]

Taxonomy

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Eriophorum viridicarinatum was first described as the variety Eriophorum latifolium var. viridicarinatum by the German-American botanist Georg Engelmann in 1844.[6] Engelmann's description was based on specimens collected in Massachusetts and Ohio.[7] (The name published by Engelmann was hyphenated, as in viridi-carinatum, but the orthographical variant viridicarinatum is now widely used instead.) The American botanist Merritt Lyndon Fernald raised the variety to species rank in 1905.[8] As of September 2024, Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald is a widely accepted name.[3][9][10][11]

Distribution and habitat

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Eriophorum viridicarinatum is native to northern North America, where it occurs in Alaska and throughout much of Canada, its range extending into the northern contiguous United States.[3][11][12] It is widespread in eastern Canada, with spotty distribution in western Canada and Alaska.[1] In the United States, it is most common in western Montana, the Great Lakes region, and New England.[13]

Eriophorum viridicarinatum is an obligate wetland (OBL) species.[14][15] Throughout its range, it occurs in marshes, wet meadows, bogs, fens, and wet woodlands, at altitudes up to 6,600 feet (2,000 m).[5] In the Pacific Northwest, British Columbia, Montana, and Wyoming, it typically occurs in montane and alpine zones.[4] In New England, it prefers fens and high-pH meadows.[16][17] It is a strict calciphile in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Vermont,[18][19] but its habitat broadens further north into Canada.[20]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  2. ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  4. ^ a b Innes, Robin J. (2013). "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". Fire Effects Information System. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  5. ^ a b Ball, Peter W.; Wujek, Daniel E. (2002). "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 23. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 6 September 2024 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. ^ "Eriophorum latifolium var. viridicarinatum Engelm.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  7. ^ Engelmann (1844), p. 103.
  8. ^ Fernald (1905), pp. 89–91.
  9. ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". WFO Plant List. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  10. ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". Canadensys. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  11. ^ a b USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "​Eriophorum viridicarinatum​". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  12. ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  13. ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  14. ^ Lichvar et al. (2016).
  15. ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". National Wetland Plant List. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  16. ^ Haines (2011), pp. 161–162.
  17. ^ "Eriophorum viridicarinatum — green-keeled cottonsedge". Go Botany. Native Plant Trust. Retrieved 5 September 2024.
  18. ^ Reznicek, A. A.; Voss, E. G.; Walters, B. S. (February 2011). "Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fernald". Michigan Flora Online. University of Michigan. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
  19. ^ Gilman (2015), p. 135.
  20. ^ McPherson (2013), pp. 68–69.

Bibliography

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