Ellenbrook, Western Australia
Ellenbrook Perth, Western Australia | |||||||||||||||
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Coordinates | 31°45′54″S 115°59′17″E / 31.765°S 115.988°E | ||||||||||||||
Population | 24,668 (SAL 2021)[1] | ||||||||||||||
Established | 1992 | ||||||||||||||
Postcode(s) | 6069 | ||||||||||||||
Area | 13.1 km2 (5.1 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
LGA(s) | City of Swan | ||||||||||||||
State electorate(s) | Swan Hills,[2] West Swan[3] | ||||||||||||||
Federal division(s) | Hasluck[4] | ||||||||||||||
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Ellenbrook is an outer suburb and planned community in Perth, Western Australia, within the City of Swan local government area. It is 28 km (17 mi) north-east of Perth's central business district and 18 km (11 mi) north of the regional metropolitan centre of Midland. It was first developed in the 1990s as a joint venture between the Government of Western Australia and private landowners in the area.[5]
Ellenbrook is a designated secondary activity centre within the Perth metropolitan area, serving Perth's north-eastern corridor.[6] It forms a contiguous urban area with the adjoining communities of The Vines, Aveley and Henley Brook.[7]
History
[edit]Name
[edit]The name Ellenbrook is derived from the nearby Ellen Brook waterway, which in turn was named after Ellen Stirling, the wife of Western Australia's first governor, James Stirling.[8] The road Ellen Stirling Parade in the town centre is also named after her.[9]
Early history and industrial use
[edit]Prior to development, Ellenbrook comprised uninhabited banksia and sheoak woodlands and wetlands,[10] which were used by transient Whadjuk Noongar people for hunting.[11] Two remnant aboriginal artefact scatter sites were previously identified by surveyors around Gnangara Road.[12][13] A camp site, DAA ID 15120 was also identified in the Lexia wetlands in the far north.[14]
The beginning of the Swan River Colony in 1829 brought a system of land grants for pioneering settlers. The Ellenbrook area was contained within the western halves of two land grants, Swan Location 1 and Swan Location A.[15] After 1838, with little having been done to the area, landowners George Leake and William Burges both surrendered the future western Ellenbrook portions of their grants back to the British Crown,[16] due to the poor agricultural value of their Bassendean Sands soils making any land uses uneconomical to pursue.[17] By contrast, the areas that they retained around the river and its streams, such as Belhus, went on to become profitable farms and estates.[18]
The area became a part of the newly-established Swan Road District local government area towards the end of the 19th century.[19] The 20th century saw scattered industrial uses pursued in Ellenbrook, such as the Gnangara pine plantation, established by the state Forests Department in the early 1900s. The Gnangara Settlement, a residential townsite for forestry workers was built in the area, along with a timber mill on Weatherill Road, which is now modern day Forestview Park.[20] Later in the 1970s, Boral leased the land around Gnangara Road to start a sand quarrying operation. Both land uses came to an end shortly before Ellenbrook's development.[5]
The postal locality system was introduced into the area in 1972, splitting Ellenbrook across two new localities, Belhus and Upper Swan.[8]
Joint venture formation and first village
[edit]The lands in Ellenbrook were first highlighted for metropolitan expansion in a 1987 review of the Corridor Plan for Perth by the WA State Planning Commission.[21] By then, the Belhus half had been purchased by the WA government's State Housing Commission (Homeswest) with the intent to develop social housing.[22] The Upper Swan half had been purchased by Japanese developer Sanwa Vines Pty Ltd as part of their project to build a golf course resort,[23] The Vines Resort & Country Club, which officially opened to the public in 1989. It offered a 27-hole golf course, a hotel, a leisure & function complex and an attached 390-lot rural residential estate, which marked the beginning of suburban development in the Ellenbrook area.
The Department of Planning and Urban Development declared Ellenbrook a growth corridor for Perth in their 1990 'Metroplan' policy publication,[24] prompting the land-owners in the area to commence preliminary re-zoning discussions with the Shire and various agencies of the State Government.[25] The proposed name "Ellenbrook" was approved by the Department of Land Administration in 1990,[8] leading to the gazettal of Ellenbrook as a suburb in 1992, out of the western parts of Belhus and Upper Swan.[26] The new locality's boundaries included all of the lands owned by Homeswest and Sanwa, as well as The Vines estate and also the Egerton Stud estate in the south-east, which was owned by Multiplex.
Sanwa and Homeswest then formed a new joint venture company, Ellenbrook Management Pty Ltd, to coordinate planning and delivery of the new Ellenbrook townsite.[27] The venture was a 53%-47% split between Sanwa and Homeswest respectively and controlled a combined 1,308 hectares of land in the project area.[28] At the time, it was the biggest public-private partnership ever undertaken in Western Australia and it became a model for future suburban developments.[29] Multiplex was also invited, but declined to join the venture.[24]
The Environmental Protection Authority released its report on the development in mid-1992, approving the project to go ahead subject to various environmental approvals, including the requirement to permanently reserve 450 hectares of the project area for conservation.[30] Preparations for infrastructure works began throughout 1994, with brand new water and sewerage headworks for the town constructed by Water Corporation, via a special agreement for the joint venture to pay back the costs of the infrastructure over the lifetime of the project.[31] This allowed development of 'Village 1', Woodlake to begin in 1995, and the Ellenbrook suburb was declared 'open' by the State Government in September 1995.[32]
In 1996, The Vines estate was excised from Ellenbrook and became its own suburb.[8]
Ellenbrook's first primary school, Ellenbrook Primary School, opened in 1996 as a 'school in houses',[5][33][34] with classrooms in residential houses to cater for the immediate demand of new residents. The school moved to a purpose-built facility in Woodlake in 1997, which was followed by the opening of St Helena's Catholic Primary School nearby in 1999. That same year, the first shopping centre in Ellenbrook was opened in Woodlake, offering a supermarket, chemist, bank and other community services.[35] Residential development began to expand into Ellenbrook's second designated village, The Bridges, towards the end of the decade.
Town centre establishment and suburban expansion
[edit]The 2000s began with Sanwa's withdrawal from the Ellenbrook project, divesting their 53% stake of the joint venture to Morella Pty Ltd[36] - a syndicate of Australian families, investors and developers, including Clough, DCA and Milton Corporation.[37] The syndicate was led by Danny Murphy, the outgoing Managing Director of Sanwa's Australian operations.[38] Upon conclusion of the divestment, Murphy set up an independent land development company, LWP Property Group Pty Ltd, to take over project management and represent the syndicate's interests.[39]
Ellenbrook's expansion continued into the early 2000s, reaching several development, town planning and population milestones. The area's first high school, the private non-denominational Ellenbrook Christian College, opened to enrolments in 2001.[40] The new villages of Coolamon and Charlotte's Vineyard[41] were built and released in the north, bringing in thousands of new residents, along with The Pines, Ellenbrook's first over-55s retirement village.[42] The Town Centre precinct was built and released for commercial land uses, starting in 2004 with The Shops at Ellenbrook - the first shopping mall in the area, featuring Woolworths as its anchor tenant and first full-line supermarket.[43] The town centre also saw Swan Hills district MP Jaye Radisich establish her electorate office there,[44][45] starting a trend that subsequent MPs have since followed.
In 2006, the rural Egerton Stud area of Ellenbrook was split into the new suburb of Aveley, which owners Multiplex had begun to develop separately.[46]
During the campaign for the 2008 Western Australian election, contenders Alan Carpenter and Colin Barnett both publicly pledged to build a new passenger rail line for Ellenbrook if elected. The 15 km line was expected to cost $850 million and be completed in 2015.[47] However, the election winner Barnett announced in May 2010 that he had cancelled the project,[48] declaring it uneconomical to proceed with, which attracted harsh criticism of the Liberal government.[49]
Town Centre retail and facility expansion continued towards the end of the decade, with The Brook Bar and Bistro tavern, the Ellenbrook Community Library[50] and Ellenbrook Secondary College all opening on Main Street, along with the stage two expansion of The Shops at Ellenbrook which added an extra 24,000m2 of retail floor space.[51] The final villages of Lexia and Annie's Landing in the far north were released in 2011 and 2013 respectively, followed by Lawley Private Estate - a 12 hectare pocket of land in Charlotte's Vineyard that was owned by Mt Lawley Pty Ltd and excluded from the joint venture.[52]
Later developments
[edit]Ellenbrook's second state high school, Aveley Secondary College was opened in 2018,[53] followed by Brooklane shopping centre adjacent to it in 2020[54] - both leading to the creation of the District Centre, Ellenbrook's third neighbourhood town centre for the north of the suburb. The original Town Centre area also began to be built out with townhouses, medium-density apartments and microlot houses.[34][55] The Shops, by this point rebranded to Ellenbrook Central after being sold to Vicinity Centres,[56] saw its stage 3 expansion completed in 2020, taking it to 118 tenancies across 47,000m2 of retail floor space.[57]
The end of the 2010s saw substantial investments into public transport works for Ellenbrook. The Perth to Darwin National Highway project saw the extension of Tonkin Highway (State Route 4) to Ellenbrook, providing a full north–south freeway link and two interchanges at Gnangara Road and The Promenade at its completion in 2019.[58] Simultaneously, the stalled Ellenbrook railway line project was revived upon the election of Mark McGowan's Labor government, with construction of the line and its accompanying town centre terminus station commencing in 2022.[59] It is due to open on Sunday December 8th 2024, connecting Ellenbrook to Perth and the rest of the Transperth rail network.[60]
Neighbourhoods
[edit]Ellenbrook's development was staged over two decades via a series of residential villages and town centres.[61] Each village possesses its own distinct theme in housing, streetscape, landscape architecture and dwelling types.[62][5]
Neighbourhood | Theme | First Release | Area |
---|---|---|---|
Woodlake Village | Return to Nature | 1995 | 132ha |
The Bridges | Mediterranean | 1997 | 87ha |
Coolamon | Contemporary Australian | 1999 | 146ha |
Morgan Fieldsa | Equestrian | 2000 | 75ha |
Charlotte's Vineyard[41]b | Swan Valley | 2003 | 156ha |
Town Centre[63] | 2003 | 163ha | |
Malvern Springs[64] | Naturaliste | 2006 | 167ha |
Lexia[65] | Wetlands | 2011 | 35ha |
District Centre | 2011 | 33ha | |
Annie's Landing[66] | Avon Valley | 2013 | 99ha |
^a : Morgan Fields is part of the suburb of Henley Brook, but was included in the Ellenbrook joint venture and its community master plan
^b : Includes the Lawley Private Estate
A range of different dwelling types are present across the villages, from apartments, micro-lots and townhouses to two-storey houses, large acreages and over-55s retirement housing. One of the primary town planning principles for the villages was to cater to as wide an array of ages, vocations and abilities as possible.[31]
8,056 occupied dwellings were reported at the 2021 Australian census, along with 509 unoccupied dwellings. 89.3% of dwellings in Ellenbrook are separate individual houses, 9% are semi-detached/terraced/townhouses and only 1.6% are apartments.[67]
As a joint venture partner, the state Department of Housing reserved one in every 12 lots developed in Ellenbrook for social and affordable housing.[68][5]
Geography
[edit]Ellenbrook is bounded by the Tonkin Highway to the west, Gnangara Road and Henley Brook to the south and Maralla Road and Bullsbrook to the north.[7] The Millendon Junction to Narngulu railway line forms part of the boundary in the north-east. Its eastern boundaries are blended across the suburbs of The Vines and Aveley, both of which were formerly part of Ellenbrook in earlier years.
The suburb sits in the south-east corner of the Gnangara Mound,[10] close to the Darling Scarp. Topographically, the majority of Ellenbrook's area sits between 40-50 metres above sea level on the mound, with parts of Coolamon and Malvern Springs situated on hills that reach peaks of 65 metres. The northern village of Annie's Landing is a notable exception, sitting at only 25 metres above sea level within the flood plains of the Ellen Brook.[69]
The Gnangara pine plantation to the west features public walks and picnic facilities, while the rural localities of Whiteman Park and Cullacabardee lie to the south and south-west. These three areas originally segregated Ellenbrook from the frontier of the Perth metropolitan area, making it a 'leapfrog' development.[34][70] With suburban development occurring in Henley Brook and Brabham to the south, this is no longer the case and Ellenbrook now forms part of the contiguous Swan Urban Growth Corridor.[71]
Conservation category wetlands are incorporated as public open spaces throughout the suburb. In the far north of Ellenbrook's boundary are the Lexia wetlands, comprising 300 hectares of undisturbed wetland habitat that were ceded for conservation.[5] These are protected from development under the Perth metropolitan Bush Forever strategy.
The Ellen Brook that the suburb is named after is situated close by in the neighbouring suburbs of The Vines and Belhus, but it no longer runs through Ellenbrook itself due to subsequent boundary changes. Sawpit Gully, a tributary of the Ellen Brook, still runs through the village of Annie's Landing in the north, informing that village's urban design with a series of bridges, lakes and wetland reserves.[66]
Two of WA's natural gas pipelines, the Dampier to Bunbury Natural Gas Pipeline and the Parmelia Pipeline, both run concurrently through Ellenbrook, along the long and narrow Forestview Park reserve in the south-west.[72]
Demographics
[edit]At the 2021 Australian census,[67] 48.8% of Ellenbrook residents were male and 51.2% were female. Ellenbrook's median age was 32, much lower than the state and national average of 38. The most common ancestries in Ellenbrook as of 2021 were English (37%), Australian (30.8%), Scottish (7.6%), Irish (7%) and Indian (4.3%). 3.8% of residents identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander. 63.1% of residents were born in Australia.
The 2021 population of Ellenbrook was 24,668. Historically, the population saw its biggest jump at the 2006 census with a reported 11,825 inhabitants,[73] a 117% increase over the 2001 reported population of 5,445.[74] It continued to increase each census year, to 16,284 in 2011[75] (+37%) and 22,681 in 2016[76] (+39%), in line with new suburban developments in the 2000s and 2010s.
At the 2016 census, approximately 5,300 people worked locally in Ellenbrook's town and neighbourhood centres, with more than 50% of them working in the education, retail and hospitality industries.[77]
Politics
[edit]At the federal level, Ellenbrook is part of the Hasluck electorate.[4] At the state level, Ellenbrook is split in half - Annie's Landing, Lexia, Malvern Springs, the District Centre and Coolamon are all part of the Swan Hills district,[2] while the remainder forms part of the neighbouring West Swan district.[3]
Ellenbrook has seven polling booths located throughout the suburb, mostly at its primary schools. The results below are a combination of the most recent results:
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Facilities, services and amenities
[edit]Ellenbrook is considered a major activity hub for Perth's north-eastern corridor and is designated a secondary metropolitan centre within the City of Swan, providing facilities and services for a wide catchment area.[87] Midland is the nearest primary metropolitan centre for government support services such as St John of God Midland Hospital, Centrelink, the Department of Transport centre and the Midland Magistrates Court.[88]
Emergency services
[edit]The Ellenbrook Police Station, located in the town centre, is part of WAPOL's Midland District. It serves the wider area, including the adjacent suburbs of Aveley, The Vines and Henley Brook and the towns of Upper Swan and Bullsbrook.[89] Although the nearest hospital is in Midland, a local ambulance depot and first aid training centre is operated locally in Ellenbrook by St John.[90] Ellenbrook Fire Station, operated by DFES, is located on the border of the suburb in Henley Brook.[91]
Retail
[edit]Ellenbrook's central town centre runs along Main Street, providing a variety of cafes, restaurants, health centres and mixed use office developments.[92] Key civic buildings in the town centre include The Shops at Ellenbrook mall,[93] the Ellenbrook railway station & bus interchange and Ellenbrook Community Library,[94] which is co-located within Ellenbrook Secondary College. Outside of Main Street is a large strip of big-box retail malls, service stations and fast food restaurants running along The Promenade,[92] plus a light industrial zone on The Broadway.
In addition, the suburb features two smaller secondary town centres. In the south, Woodlake has its own village centre on Highpoint Boulevard with a range of groceries, health, retail and restaurant offerings and two primary schools in its vicinity. In the north, the District Centre area on Maffina Parade serves the northern villages of Ellenbrook, as well as nearby parts of Aveley and The Vines.[95] The District Centre consists of the Brooklane Shopping Centre,[92] Aveley Secondary College, the Ellenbrook Community Centre and the Ellenbrook District Open Space, as well as the Ellenbrook Sports Hub nearby in Aveley. The precinct features an array of mixed use buildings in between these primary institutions.
Community, sports and leisure
[edit]The Ellenbrook Arts organisation was founded in 2002 to encourage arts in the local schools and community,[5] with a purpose-built art gallery and head office on Main Street.[96] There is also an Ellenbrook Men's Shed,[97] the Verdant Vista Community Garden[98] and the Ellenbrook Youth Centre,[99] which all encourage crafts, teamwork and socialisation amongst differing age and peer groups. Radio VCA 88.5FM is a community radio station for the Ellenbrook area founded in 2006, with a studio based in Coolamon and transmitted from Brigadoon.[100] Ellenbrook is reported on by the Midland-based Echo News community newspaper, which circulates weekly newspaper drops around the area.[101]
Each village contains an abundance of parks and open spaces, including three dedicated dog parks and four large public sports grounds - Woodlake Sports Ground, Coolamon Oval, Charlotte's Vineyard Oval and Ellenbrook District Open Space.[102] The sports grounds share a mixture of facilities including clubrooms, change rooms, cricket nets, tennis & basketball courts and skateparks. There is also a 25 metre indoor swimming school operated by State Swim, as well as an abundance of gymnasiums located throughout the villages.
Ellenbrook is home to the following local competitive sports clubs:
- Australian rules football: Ellenbrook Eels Senior Football Club, Ellenbrook Dockers Junior Football Club
- Rugby union: Ellenbrook Vipers Rugby Union Club
- Soccer: Ellenbrook United Football Club, Ellenbrook Rovers Christian Football Club
- Cricket: Ellenbrook Rangers Cricket Club
- Bowls: Ellenbrook Bowls Club
An ANZAC war memorial exists in the Woodlake Park Amphitheatre,[103] along with a local RSL sub-branch for Ellenbrook that operates out of the Charlotte's Vineyard Community Centre.[104] The town centre features a memorial garden for prominent resident and local MP Jaye Radisich.[45]
Education
[edit]Ellenbrook contains ten schools of various types and catchments.[105] There are five state primary schools - Anne Hamersley Primary School,[106] Arbor Grove Primary School,[107] Ellenbrook Primary School,[108] Ellen Stirling Primary School,[109] and Malvern Springs Primary School,[110] all serving Kindergarten to Year 6. Students finishing Year 6 move to one of two state secondary schools in Ellenbrook, Ellenbrook Secondary College[111] and Aveley Secondary College[112] along a north-south catchment area split.[113]
Additionally, there are three private Christian schools in Ellenbrook - St. Helena's Catholic Primary School,[114] Ellenbrook Christian College[40] and Holy Cross College.[115] St. Helena's is a primary school only, while the latter two offer full K-12 education covering both primary school and secondary school in-house.
There are no tertiary education institutions in Ellenbrook - the nearest TAFE and university campuses are in Midland and Joondalup respectively.[105]
Infrastructure
[edit]Electricity is supplied to the suburb via Western Power's Henley Brook substation, just south of Ellenbrook's boundary on Gnangara Road.[116] A telephone exchange for the area exists in Woodlake Village.[117]
Transport
[edit]Ellenbrook has close proximity to Perth's freeway and state route network, with Tonkin Highway (State Route 4) running north–south along its western edge with two interchanges. It connects Ellenbrook to Morley, Perth Airport and Armadale to the south, as well as Great Northern Highway into the Mid-West region. Gnangara Road (State Route 84) in the south of Ellenbrook is the primary east-west highway linking the area to Joondalup and the coast.[7]
Local highways The Promenade, The Broadway and Henley Brook Avenue are classified as District Distributor B roads by Main Roads Western Australia[118] - all are 4-lane dual carriageways. Other important intra-suburban roads include Banrock Drive, Pinaster Parade and Drumpellier Drive, which are all classified as lesser Local Distributors.
Ellenbrook is the terminus of the Ellenbrook railway line from Perth, with its terminus station located in the town centre. The railway line runs at-grade through the town centre and the village of The Bridges, before joining up with and running alongside Drumpellier Drive as it leaves the suburb.[119]
Bus services link Ellenbrook with Morley and Bassendean railway station. A journey to the Perth CBD by public transport takes approximately 60 minutes.[120]
- 334 Ellenbrook Central to Ellenbrook – serves Main Street, The Promenade, Henley Brook Avenue, Westgrove Drive, Elmridge Parkway and Wyara Link[121]
- 335 Ellenbrook Central to Midland Station – serves Main Street, The Parkway, Highpoint Boulevard, Sunray Circle, Woodlake Boulevard, Pinaster Parade, Ponte Vecchio Boulevard and Gnangara Road[122]
- 336 Ellenbrook to Henley Brook Bus Station – serves Wyara Link, Elmridge Parkway, Farmaner Parkway, Thorold Avenue, Oakhill Heights, Arrowsmith Avenue, Brookmount Drive, The Promenade, Main Street, The Parkway, Highpoint Boulevard, Sunray Circle, Woodlake Boulevard and Pinaster Parade[123]
- 337 and 338 Ellenbrook Central to Henley Brook Bus Station – serve Main Street, The Promenade and Gnangara Road[124][125]
- 355 Ellenbrook Central to Whitfords Station – serves Main Street and Pinaster Parade[126]
- 955 Ellenbrook North to Morley Bus Station – serves Banrock Drive, The Broadway, Main Street and Pinaster Parade[127]
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