Elizabeth Marshall (pharmacist)
Elizabeth Marshall | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 28, 1768 |
| Died | July 26, 1836 (aged 68) |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Pharmacist, entrepreneur |
Elizabeth Marshall (January 28, 1768 – July 26, 1836) was an American entrepreneur who became the second female pharmacist in the United States.[1][2]
Early life
[edit]Marshall was born at 56 Chestnut Street (old number) on January 28, 1768.[3]
Family
[edit]Marshall was the eldest daughter of Charles Marshall (1744–1825), the proprietor of a pharmacy in Philadelphia and the first president of Philadelphia College of Apothecaries.[4] She had two brothers and seven sisters.[5] Her mother, Patience (Parrish) Marshall, changed her name to "Patience" from "Ann" after her aunt Patience Howell.[5] Patience Marshall died in February 1834.[5] Her grandmother was Sarah Thomson.[5] Her grandfather was Christopher Marshall (d. 1797),[3] an American revolutionary and founder of the family's pharmacy which was named Marshall Drug Store.[4] Her grandfather thought highly of her, as shown in unpublished diary entries preserved in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.[3]
Career
[edit]Marshall worked as an apprentice in the family pharmacy from 1805.[1] She inherited her grandfather's pharmacy, Marshall Drug Store, in 1804[6] and managed the business until 1825.[4] Marshall is regarded by some as being the first female pharmacist in the United States,[4] though Elizabeth Gooking Greenleaf was the first in 1727.[7] Marshall ran the pharmacy for two decades. She was able to bring the shop out of bankruptcy and her efforts resulted in the pharmacy's financial success during that period.[1][2] Marshall retired shortly after the death of her father in 1825 and passed her business on to her apprentices, Charles Ellis and Isaac P. Morris.[5][3][4]
The family's pharmacy is the subject of the painting The Marshall Apothecary by Robert Thom.[6] The painting can be found in the series "Great Moments in Pharmacy."[2]
Death and commemoration
[edit]Marshall died on July 26, 1836.[3] She was pictured on the wall of the American Pharmacists Association 2012 Women in Pharmacy Exhibit.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Celebrating Women in Pharmacy: Elizabeth Marshall (1768–1826)". The UC School of Pharmacy Blog. WordPress. 20 March 2016. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- ^ a b c "Women in Pharmacy" (PDF). APhA. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Wilbert, MI (1904). Elizabeth Marshall, the First Woman Pharmacist in America. American Journal of Pharmacy. pp. 271–276.
- ^ a b c d e Beringer, GM, ed. (1921). A record of the progress of pharmacy and the allied sciences. American Journal of Pharmacy. pp. 87–89.
- ^ a b c d e Jordan, JW (1911). Colonial families of Philadelphia, Volume 1. Lewis Pub. Co. pp. 1027–1030. ISBN 5880233553.
- ^ a b "Chemical Drugs – Discovering Lewis & Clark". lewis-clark.org. Discovering Lewis & Clark. Retrieved 25 October 2017.
- ^ Henderson, Metta Lou; Worthen, Dennis B. (March 8, 2002). American Women Pharmacists: Contributions to the Profession. CRC Press. p. 2. ISBN 9780789010926. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
- ^ "Programs". APhA Foundation. American Pharmacists Association. 25 July 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1768 births
- 1836 deaths
- 18th-century American businesswomen
- 18th-century American businesspeople
- 19th-century American businesspeople
- 19th-century American businesswomen
- Businesspeople from Philadelphia
- Pharmacists from Philadelphia
- Women pharmacists
- 18th-century American women scientists
- 18th-century American pharmacists
- 19th-century American pharmacists