Draft:Zivan Zivanovic

Živan Živanović (Serbian Cyrillic: Живан Живановић; Živkovci, principality of Serbia, 26 October 1852 - Belgrade, Serbia, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, 17 May 1931) was a Serbian politician and publicist. During the Macedonian Struggle he worked in the administrative offices of the Serbian Chetnik Organization in Belgrade.

Biography

Živan Živanović was the grandson of the prince of Kačer (a county in the Rudnik district) Živan Stojanović, a participant in the First and Second Serbian Uprisings, who remained famous for leading the Kačer insurgents to the battle near Čačak in 1815. Later, he successfully traded in leather and other animal products. Živan's father, Marinko, was one of the first literate people in Kačer. He was a clerk of the court of the municipality of Živkovac, a merchant and a dyer. After moving to Aranđelovac around 1857, he became a correspondent for a Serbian newspaper. Marinko had a rich personal library, one that Živan would often frequent.

Education

Živan Živanović, after completing his grade school education in Aranđelovac, left on foot with his father in 1865 to Belgrade with the intention of enrolling in high school there. After four days of walking, his father, for some unexplainable reason, put him up with his cousin, gave Živan a golden ducat and a few groschen and left him there. In order to ensure his existence, Živan had to get a job as part of the household of academic Janko Šafarik (1814-1876), a member of the Serbian Learned Society - a doctor, historian, archaeologist and numismatist. Diligent and conscientious in household chores, and at the same time an excellent student, he was quickly liked by all family members, especially old Šafarik, who became his guardian and mentor.

After graduating from high school in Belgrade and teacher's school in Kragujevac (1873), he studied as a natural science student in Jena. He interrupted his studies to volunteer in the First Serbian-Turkish War in 1876. As a volunteer, he also participated in the Second Serbian-Turkish War in 1877.

He resumed and completed his education in Berlin (1879), and then worked in the educational profession in Veliko Gradište, Niš, Pirot and Belgrade.

He started his journalistic work for the paper Javnosti in 1873, to collaborate more intensively in the newspapers of the Liberal Party: Istok, Srpska Nezavisnosti, Ustavnosti, Nova Nezavisnosti and Srpska Zastava, of which he was the editor-in-chief from 1895 to 1898.

With his work, he attracted the attention of Jovan Ristić, to whom he remained friends until the end of his life. He entered the National Assembly for the first time as a member of the Liberal Party in 1887, participated in its work in 1890 until 1893, and was its president for a short time. He was the secretary of the Constitutional Committee in which he participated in the drafting of the famous Constitution of 1888. He was a member of the State Council (1892, 1903, 1907-24), Minister of Economy in the government of Vladan Đorđević (1899-1903) and Minister of Education in the government of Dimitrije Cincar-Marković in 1903. In 1903, he retired from political life.

Živan Živanović was married to Jelena Dimitrijević, the sister of Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis, with whom he had five children: Stanislava, Mileva, Aleksander, Milica and Milan. Together with them in the family house in Savska street no. 21 lived his brother-in-law and mother-in-law Jovanka. Stanislava was married to Lieutenant Colonel Aleksandar Glišić, who heroically died in the Battle of Kumanovo. The elder son Aleksandar was the first victim of the Balkan Wars - he died on the first day of the war in the first battle on 18 October 1912 at the Lisica watchtower near Medveđa, as a Chetnik in Ljuba Vulović's company.[5] The younger son, Milan, became a doctor of historical sciences and the author of several valuable books, among which are: Colonel Apis - Thessaloniki Process 1917, Dubrovnik in the struggle for unification 1908-1918, Bibliography of the Serbian Literary Cooperative I-II (1892-1967 and 1968-1982 ).

Živan Živanović died on May 17, 1931 after a short illness at the age of 79.

Balkan Wars (1912-1913)

Živan Živković held a desk job as one of the organizers and leaders of the Komita in the Serbian Chetnik Organization in Old Serbia and Macedonia. He was too old to participate in the Balkan Wars, but his house gave two lives for the liberation of Raška, Kosovo, Metohija and Macedonia from the Turks: the eldest son Aleksandar "Sanja" Živanović, a student of architecture at the Technical Faculty and the son-in-law the commander of the Seventh Infantry Regiment Aleksandar M. Glišić, who died at Mlado Nagoričane and with his great sacrifice contributed to the victory in the decisive Battle of Kumanovo.

The First World War

In the First World War, the State Council was moved to Kruševac. Although German troops entered the town on 25 October 1915, and were later replaced by Austro-Hungarian troops, taking entire families with children to camps, Živanović was spared until 9 July 1916. Then he was suddenly arrested and escorted to Belgrade. At the age of 64, he spent the night on a bench in the corridor of the Austro-Hungarian Governor's Office (the former building of the Funds Administration, now the National Museum of Serbia), and the next day, in the heat of the day, he was escorted by guard on foot to Zemun, and from there by train to the camp in Nezsider in Austria-Hungary (1916-18). ). He stayed there until 26 October 1918.

Literary activity

Živković wrote a large number of political and educational treatises, as well as many works on natural sciences.

See also

• List of Chetnik voivodes

References

• Translated and adapted from Serbian Wikipedia: https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-ec/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B