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Draft:Taiwan champion trees

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When a tree was suspected the largest of its kind on record, and is verified by specific measurements, it’s crowned a “Champion Tree.”[1] There can be more than one champion tree of a species.

Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa) is an island in the southwest Pacific with an area of 36,000 km2. Approximately 60% of the island is forested with over 950 million trees.[2] Extensive logging from 1912 through 1991 significantly reduced the island's primary forests,[3] but it is Taiwan's rugged mountainous terrain which has preserved significant tracts of old-growth forests.[4] Since 2014, a local scientific group: Taiwan champion trees, aka. 找樹的人[5][6], organised field expeditions to explore unknown forests in the remote mountain areas of Taiwan. This group located some significant giant trees. With the assistance of LiDAR[7] data from 2018, The champion tree (tallest in height) of Taiwan Daan River Heaven's Sword was confirmed in 2023.[8] The article introduce the top eight tallest trees in Taiwan those were located since 2016, sequencing by the discovered year.

Twin Towers (Taiwania cryptomerioides, 71.7 m) NO.8

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Giant Taiwania fir Twin Towers (雙子星) was discovered in March of 2016 (coordinates: 22.8891 N, 120.8953 E). The region is in the south Taiwan where known for having the largest population of Taiwania firs (Taiwania cryptomerioides)[9]. The tree located in Mt. Benya (22.8882 N, 120.9013 E) near a well-known aboriginal sacred site, Great Ghost Lake (22.869 N, 120.8616 E).[10] It was climbed and tape measured to 71.7 m high, and was named Twin Towers since the tree has two leading trunks. The tree ranks the no.8 tall tree in Taiwan.

Giant Taiwania Twin Towers (雙子星) discovered in March of 2016 (22.8891 N, 120.8953 E)

DanSi (Taiwania cryptomerioides, 72 m) NO.7

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Giant Taiwania fir DanSi (丹詩) was discovered in 2018 January (coordinates: 23.798 N, 121.1799 E). The region is in the central Taiwan, DanDa[11], the traditional territory of Bunun[12] people. It was climbed and tape measured to 72 m high. The tree ranks the no.7 tall tree in Taiwan.

Danshi Giant 丹詩神木, 72m (23.798 N, 121.1799 E)

Nankeng Stream Giant (Taiwania cryptomerioides, 72.9 m) NO.6

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Nankeng Stream Giant (南坑溪巨木) was discovered in 2019 September (coordinates: 24.3147 N, 121.0237 E). The tree was located from a forester interview and LiDAR data. The tree is near logging road No. 230, in the watershed of the major Daan[13] River in central Taiwan. The tree lies along the Xueshan Range and is 72.9 m tall[14], named after nearby upstream Nankeng Stream.

Nankeng Stream Giant, 72.9 m (24.3147 N, 121.0237 E)

The Tao Tree (Taiwania cryptomerioides, 79.1 m) NO.3

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The Tao Tree (桃山神木) was climbed in 2020 August (coordinates: 24.4583 N, 121.3002 E). It took three expeditions, from March to June of 2020 to locate the giant tree. The tree was finally tape measured as 79.1 m, ranking the No.3 in Taiwan[15]. It remained the tallest tree on the island until 2022. The tree was named after a nearby peak, Mount Tao[16].

The Tao tree (79.1m, 24.4583 N, 121.3002 E)
The Tao Tree, 79.1m (24.4583 N, 121.3002 E)

Shihtzu Giant (Taiwania cryptomerioides, 73.7 m) NO.5

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Shitzu[17] Giant (西施神木) was named after an ancient beauty from Chinese history, as the forester who discovered the tree was struck by its grace at first sight. The tree's location is very close to Nankeng Stream Giant. The team climbed this tree in August of 2021, measuring the height with a tape at 73.7 m.

Shihtzu Giant 73.7 m (24.3124 N, 121.0367E)

Kaalang Giant (Taiwania cryptomerioides, 82 m) NO.2

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Kaalang Giant (卡阿郎巨木) is located in the upstream reaches of Taiwan's longest river, the Zhuoshui River. The Tree Seekers found this tree in March of 2022, in Bunun traditional territory. In the Bunun language "kaalang" means "crabs."[18] The tree is located near sacred Qicaihu Lake (七彩湖) of the Bunun. Since the top of the tree top includes a section of dead branches, the team measured the final section using a 3 m fishing pole and drone photography.[19]

Qicaihu Lake in snow
Kaalang Giant, 82m (121.2151 E, 23.7085 N)
Height measurement of the top section of the tree

Behuy Giant (Taiwania cryptomerioides, 75.9 m) NO.4

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Behuy Giant (風之巨木) is also a Taiwania fir. The name "Behuy" comes from the language of the Atayal people meaning "winds"[20]. The tree is located in Atayal traditional territory and was measured using the same method as Kaalang Giant as 75.9, ranking the no.4 tall tree in Taiwan.

Using a fishing pole to measure the top section of Behuy Giant
Behuy Giant 75.9 m (121.3319 E, 24.5044 N)

Daan River Heaven's Sword (Taiwania cryptomerioides, 84.1 m) NO.1

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In 2023 January, during the Lunar new year, Daan River Heaven's Sword (大安溪倚天劍) was discovered. LiDAR measurement was 79.9 m, while tape drop measurement from climbing the tree was 84.1 m. So far, Heaven's Sword remains the tallest tree in Taiwan[21]

Team member, Bird, at the top of Heaven’s Sword to release the measuring tape
LiDAR image of Heaven’s Sword
Heaven’s Sword, 84.1 m (121.1142 E, 24.4164 N)

References

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  1. ^ "What are Champion Trees?". Vizcaya Museum and Gardens. 11 August 2021.
  2. ^ 邱立文、黃群修、吳俊奇、謝小恬 (2015). "第4次全國森林資源調查成果概要". 台灣林業雙月刊. 41 (4): 3–13.
  3. ^ 李, 根政 (2018). 台灣山林百年紀. 天下雜誌. ISBN 9789863984009.
  4. ^ Lin SY, Shaner PJ, Lin TC. (2018). "Characteristics of old-growth and secondary forests in relation to age and typhoon disturbance". Ecosystems. 21 (8): 1521–1532. doi:10.1007/s10021-018-0238-0.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "找樹的人-Taiwan champion trees". Facebook page. 2018.
  6. ^ 徐, 嘉君 (2021). 找樹的人:一個植物學者的東亞巨木追尋之旅 (in Traditional Chinese). 紅樹林. ISBN 9789869741897.
  7. ^ Andersen, Hans-Erik, Stephen E. Reutebuch, and Robert J. McGaughey. (2006). "A rigorous assessment of tree height measurements obtained using airborne lidar and conventional field methods". Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing. 32 (5): 355–366. doi:10.5589/m06-030.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Yang, Yuan-ting (2023). "Taiwan's tallest tree found". pp. Taipei Times.
  9. ^ 臺灣植物紅皮書編輯委員會 (2017). 臺灣維管束植物紅皮書名錄 [A Preliminary Red List of Taiwanese Vascular Plants]. 行政院農業委員會特有生物研究保育中心. ISBN 9789860550214.
  10. ^ "雙鬼湖野生動物重要棲息環境". 農業部自然保育署自然保育網.
  11. ^ "丹大野生動物重要棲息環境". 農業部自然保育署自然保育網.
  12. ^ "布農族". 原住民委員會. 20 December 2010.
  13. ^ "大安溪水系". 經濟部水利署.
  14. ^ 曹, 婷婷 (2019). "暫居台灣第一高樹,南坑溪上游標高72.9公尺台灣杉巨木". 中時新聞網.
  15. ^ 游, 昇俯 (2020). "桃山神木79.1M刷新紀錄,可能是臺灣第一高樹". 農傳媒.
  16. ^ "桃山". 健行筆記.
  17. ^ "西施". 百度百科.
  18. ^ "布農語單詞查詢". 族語E樂園.
  19. ^ "當台灣最長河遇見島上最高樹:記「卡阿郎巨木」與美麗島的原住民們". 環境資訊中心.
  20. ^ "泰雅語單詞查詢". 族語E樂園.
  21. ^ 林靜梅、郭俊麟 (2023). "84.1公尺台灣杉「大安溪倚天劍」 創東亞最高樹紀錄". 公視新聞網.
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Taiwan giant tree map