Draft:Thomas White Melville Winder

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The Honourable Thomas White Melville Winder
Personal details
Nationality	British (colonial Australian)
Occupation	Captain Seaman, Merchant Trader

Thomas White Melville Winder was one of the very early settlers to Australia. He played a significant role in the development and expansion of Australia to the North, specifically the Hunter Region.; He commissioned the building of the historic homestead Windermere, the oldest homestead in the Hunter Region. Winder was the first to have grown grapes in the Hunter. Winder's contribution to industry and business in early Australia is significant.

Winder was also known for the fair treatment of his workers including convict workers, respecting their rights and providing generous rations. He was criticised for this stand by some persons in high rank in the colony who labelled and discriminated against convicts and favoured harsher conditions.

Family History and Parentage

Thomas ("Tom" or "Thom") White Melville Winder (1787–1853) was born in England in 1787 (1789 per), some details around his parentage and time of birth are unable to be confirmed. The lecture at the Newcastle University suggested that he was born in 1779 as the illegitimate son of the Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington and Lady Mary Melville. Other family traditions say he could have been his nephew.

A newspaper from England described Winder as "the beau ideal of an English gentleman of the old school. In features, strikingly like the old Duke of Wellington, but tall and elegant, always dressed in the best of broad cloth, and the finest of linen, upright in carriage and in conduct."

Although Lady Mary Melville records are scarce or non-existent, some traditions suggest his birth was c1787 and that he was raised in the of the Lake District, apparently by Quaker adherents. The Lake District has a part called Lake Windermere, the family tradition includes being raised by a Miss Whyte and that the surname Winder was from Lake Windermere. Winder later named his family homestead Windermere.

Professions and Arrival to Australia

As a sea captain he traded in India but on his voyage to Australia in 1817, decided to stay in the colony and discontinued his sailing career.

Winder was captain in the Merchant Navy (United Kingdom). He later became a pastoralist, farmer, trader, mill owner, magistrate, business man and land owner. Some sources say that Winder settled in Australia because of ill-health. Others say that it was because of the possibilities of business, trade and opportunistically, or accidentally arriving in Sydney because of a court case.

Winder came to Sydney on 20 November 1817 on the ship Frederick. Prior to this, Winder had arrived in 1816 on the ship the Surry and returned to England.

Although Winder was a merchant, he abandoned trading after a deal with a Captain Ritchie resulted in financial loss when Ritchie failed to bring promised cargo from Calcutta.

Winder established a water mill for grinding flour at Kensington with business partner Samuel Terry. Winder later sold his share in the mill in 1825 and later traded as Cooper and Levey.

First Land Grant (Sydney) and Business there

Winder's first land grant was a parcel of land (allotment No 14 Sec 44) on the corner of Bligh and Hunter Streets in Sydney. Winder built a store house.

The business sold green tea and other items (per 1 May 1818 Sydney Gazette). By 1819 (16 January) the Sydney Gazette advertisement of a wider selection of goods including alcohols such as Jamaica and Bengal rum, gin, brandy, port, Madeira, porter, brown stout, pale ale, hams, cheese tea, sugar, soap and tobacco.

Winder sold a portion of his land during 1820 and also sold all the goods, house and furniture (perhaps a mortgagee foreclosure) of Japhet White.

August 1820 he opened Lachland Flour Mills on a grant of land of his business partnership of Samuel Terry (former convict from Botany Bay called the 'Botany Bay Millionaire') at today's suburb of Kensington.

The partnership was expanded into a board of six, William Hutchinson, Samuel Terry, Thomas White Melville Winder, George Williams, William Leverton and Daniel Cooper. The name of the mill was later changed to the Lachlan & Waterloo Flour Mills. The Mill was renamed the Lachlan and Waterloo Flour Mills. Winder being a quiet achiever and donator of funds, the partnership traded without his name being directly mentioned i.e. as "Hutchinson, Terry & Co". Another reason Winder did not want his name associated was there was some controversy to do with competition he may not have fully understood or wanted to be associated with, later exiting the partnership.

The Hunter Valley and Business Ventures

Winder became friends with the Governor Lachlan Macquarie. He was offered significant grants of land, but there is some evidence that Winder was not a "land grabber" as others had the reputation of being, that he only accepted what he thought he really needed for his family, the community and for the growth of the area. He turned down land grants and also turned down being a political figure. Governor Macquarie criticised Winder for treating the Convicts well.

He received land in the Hunter Valley including in Lochinvar (1,600 ha (4,000 acres) in the mid 1820s).

Winder had purchased 130 ha (320 acres) from Luke Dillon and a grant of 810 ha (2,000 acres) was transferred to him by Henry Hawes. It was on these acres that the Windermere house was built in 1821.

In 1823 Winder accompanied Lieutenant William Hicks to the Hunter. The estate of the two men became close by.

Interpersonal dealings with Aboriginal persons and Convicts

Winder was respectful of the rights and dignities of both the Aboriginal peoples and the convict workers. Convicts and others provided workmanship and labour for the Windermere house and estate including the agricultural farming and related operations.

Government policy and recommendation at the time were for convicts to be kept away from "Sydney temptations" and learn useful skills in order to reform and settle in as community members. Private and merchant farmers were seen as targets that could provide this training in order to help these people learn skills and integrate into the community

"Windermere" would have been a source of convict education. The idea of training and education was actively promoted by Charles William Wentworth, Winder's business partner. At a the Legislative Council meeting on September 6, 1849 Wentworth expounded the importance of instituting a university for the promotion of literature and science. October 3, 1849, Wentworth's speech regarding starting the University of Sydney as a gift "to the child of every man, of every class, to become great and useful in the destinies of his country." Charles William Wentworth fought for the rights of ex-convicts to be citizens, to vote and to be free of taxes other than those imposed by legislation and encouraged free migration. He also fought for proper processes for trials by a jury and appeals. Although Winder avoided being involved in politics, he supported community activities and was highly regarded by his workers and others in the community and in the business world of early Australia.

The convict workers were prepared to 'go the extra mile' and reportedly loved Winder for the fair treatment and education they received. Winder never took any of his convict workers to "the Bench" or to court. At a time in Australia's history where workers, especially convict workers had little rights and little expectation to have fair treatment, Winder was ahead of his time in his respecting human rights. In Sydney many convict workers died of starvation and exhaustion, in contrast many of Winder's workers who learnt their initial skills at Windermere went on to become productive local community citizens leading successful lives.

Politics

Winder was interested in community life but preferred to be quiet and not engage in politics. He was not indifferent however, signing petitions and supporting community concerns, while avoiding being a political activist or holding a political position.

Windermere

This historic house Windermere began to be built in 1821. The location was on a hill keeping it safe from floods was an advantage.

The position having waterfrotage on to the Hunter River encouraged trade, with the main trade route transportation pathways at the time being by boat.

Business Ventures

Winder was well known to [including in business ventures which was of mutual benefit during the depression times.

William Charles Wentworth (son of D'Arcy Wentworth) became a business partner with Winder. Winder was a well known investor in local business that built up Australia. He was coal-mine owner, invested in flour milling, was a general merchant, pastoralist, ship owner, boiling down works operator, tallow manufacturer, wheat farmer, cedar exporter and other interests. He was reportedly the first to plant grapes in the Hunter Valley, an area famous for wine production.

Winder is credited with growing the first grapes in the Hunter Region on his arrival in 1820.. He was not the first to grow commercial vineyard, but supplied convict workers with good rations including a pint of wine. He also supported the government policy at the time of encouraging the consumption of wine as opposed to spirits by planting a vineyard prior to 1840

Winder opened up farming for wheat at the property of Windermere part of which is now the suburbs of Maitland and Windermere.

William Charles Wentworth became Winder's business partner. William Charles Wentworth purchased the Windermere, New South WalesWindermere Estate, leasing them back to Winder.

In the 1840's Winder was in partnership with William Charles Wentworth and Charles Nott. The boiling down works at Windermere were described in the Maitland Mercury of May 1844 as the most extensive and complete in the colony.

Marriage and Family

Winder married approximately in 1819, giving his address as Sydney and occupation as a settler. He churched his marriage to Ellen Johnstone on 26 December 1848.

They became parents to at least two sons and seven daughters.

Their eldest day there Jessie was born in 1819 married Wakefield Simpson, a talented violinist (who owned a Stradivarius, kept racehorses and ran the first hotel in Maitland opening the 'White Swan' on Campbells Hill in 1827).

Their second daughter Anne was born on 4 July 1822 and later married John Hungerford.

Mary was born in 1824 but did not survive infancy.

Agnes was born on 1 August 1825 address at the time being Sydney.

Fanny was born on 6 February 1827 and later married Major de Winton, returning to England.

Thomas junior was born in 1828 who married Emily Newell. They had seven daughters and five sons.

A Summary of Winder's offspring is below

Family Table

No.	Son/Daughter	Dates
1	Jessie Winder	1819–1848
2	Ellen Winder	1821–1892
3	Ann Winder	1822–1853
4	Mary Winder	1824–1878
5	Agnes Winder	1825–1862
6	Fanny Winder	1827–1913
7	Thomas Melville Winder	1828–1882
8	Sarah Winder	1830–1870
9	William Winder	1830–1830 (less than 1 year)

Death

He died on 30 September 1853, in Maitland, NSW at the age of 66 (?), and was buried in the Campbell Hill Cemetery at Telarah (a suburb of Maitland).

Cause of death was from choking on a piece of cayenne pepper at dinner with his daughter Anne and husband John Hungerford at Font Hill (South Maitland).

He died relatively poor and lived his life humbly, without "pretension", was loved by his convict servants and was described as being "virtuous" and "upright" which was distinct from the reputation of some in the colony at the time including people he had dealings with who had legal cases against them for their means of acquiring wealth and other reasons.

There are no known published pictures of Winder. While some of Winders business partners (including William Wentworth and Samuel Terry) and workers became rich and famous, Winder died relatively poor but well known and respected in the community with a reputation for being fair to his employees and supporting the Australian economy and supported local business in line with the ideals of the social, political and economic system at the time.

William Charles Wentworth (son of D'Arcy Wentworth) became a business partner with Winder.. Winder was a well known investor in local business that built up Australia. He was coal-mine owner, invested in flour milling, was a general merchant, pastoralist, ship owner, boiling down works operator, tallow manufacturer, wheat farmer, cedar exporter and other interests. He was reportedly the first to plant grapes in the Hunter Valley, an area famous for wine production

Coal

Winder claimed to have received as part of a grant a 10 year monopoly over all coal won from the Newcastle Penal Settlement, apart from that required for government use. However it appears that he did not actually reap the benefits of the full amount originally promised because of political issues.