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The Siege of Pataliputra (323-321 B.C) was a military siege of the ancient Magadhi capital Pataliputra led by Chandragupta Maurya[1] likely around 322 B.C. This was the final battle of them during the Nanda-Mauryan war.
| Siege of Pataliputra | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Nanda–Mauryan War | |||||||||
 Nanda Empire at its peak during the war | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| House of Maurya | Nanda Empire | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Chandragupta Maurya Chanakya | Dhanananda †[4] | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
|
Mauryan forces Greek mercenaries[5] |
Nanda Army  [6] | ||||||||
Background & context
[edit]Significance of Pataliputra
Pataliputra or Patliputra was the capital of the Magadhi dynasties. The city was founded by Ajatashatru.[7] Pataliputra was probably the largest city in the world in the ancient times. A city 8 miles long and a mile and a half wide, with 570 towers and 64 gates, all sorrounded moat 600 feet wide and 45 feet deep that was used for defensive purpose and dumping sewage. The city was sorrounded with wooden walls. The palace itself had a ground plan very similar to the palace of Persepolis, the persian city built by Darius the Great.[8]
Chandragupta Maurya was the son of a single mother who gave him birth in the city of Pataliputra. Chanakya, better known as 'Kautilya', attracted the attention of young Chandragupta to himself and took him with himself in the ancient city of Taxshila. There he trained young Chandragupta well to overthrow the contemporary Nanda emperor, Dhanananda, with whom Chanakya had made a rivalry. Dhana Nanda was hated and despised by his subjects for the wickedness of his disposition and meanness of his origin. Probably, heavy taxation was the reason of his unpopularity. Chanakya, waging a war with the help of Chandragupta Maurya against the Nanda emperor marched to Pataliputra from the northwest India. They reduced the provinces and besieged the city of Pataliputra.[9]
Aftermath
[edit]After capturing the forts at the frontier, conquering Rashtras and Janapadas, Chanakya along with Chandragupta Maurya marched to besiege Pataliputra and captured it. They besieged the city till the Nandas didn't surrendered.[10][11][12] In this way, the Nanda dynasty came to an end and the Maurya Empire was firmly established.[13] There Chandragupta put to death the last Nanda ruler, Dhanananda.[14][15]
Legacy
[edit]Chandragupta Maurya established himself as the emperor of the Magadha in the form of Maurya Empire, supplanting the long established and strong Nanda dynasty.[16] He fulfilled the dream of Akhand Bharat (Undivided India) envisioned by his teacher, Chanakya.[17][18] It appears that he took inspiration from Alexander the Great, with whom he had may ever met. His campaign against the Nanda Empire was probably fought using guerilla tactis. His forces drew noose gradually tighter around Pataliputra, until the overwhelming Nanda forces were defeated.[16]
References
[edit]- ^ Sen, Colleen Taylor (17 October 2022). Ashoka and the Maurya Dynasty. Reaktion Books. p. 68. ISBN 9781789145953.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Mookerji, Radha Kumud (1966). Chandragupta Maurya and His Times. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 34. ISBN 9788120804333.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Lala Aditya Narain, Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1970). Pāṭaliputra Excavation, 1955-56. Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Bihar. p. 1.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Chopra, Pran Nath (December 2003). A Comprehensive History Of Ancient India (3 Vol.Set). Sterling Publishers. p. 67.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1965). Early History of India. S. Chand. p. 194. ISBN 9780842613712.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Chatterjee, Suhas (1998). Indian Civillization and Culture. M. D. Publications. p. 136. ISBN 9788175330832.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Lahiri, Nayanjot (5 August 2015). Ashoka in Ancient History. Harvard University Press. p. 49. ISBN 9780674057777.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Boesche, Roger (2003). The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His Arthashastra. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic. p. 12. ISBN 9780739106075.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Chatterjee, Suhas (1998). Indian Civillization and Culture. M. D. Publications. pp. 135–136. ISBN 9788175330832.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Ohri, Vishwa Chander (1980). Himachal Art & Archeology. State Museum, Department of Languages & Culture, Himachal Pradesh. p. 2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Mahajan, V.D. Ancient India. S. Chand Publishing. p. 226. ISBN 9789352836031.
- ^ V. D., Mahajan. Ancient India. S. Chand Publishing. p. 219. ISBN 9789352531325.
- ^ Mittal, J. P. (2006). History of Ancient India (A New Version). Atlantic. p. 623. ISBN 9788126906161.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Sher, Syed Osman (2000). The India of Ancient Times. Vikas Publishing House. p. 54. ISBN 9788125908777.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Daniélou, Alain (11 February 2003). "Part Three (Chapter 7): The Maurya Empire". A Brief History of India. Inner/Traditions Bear. ISBN 9781594777943.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ a b Pattenden, Marc (20 October 2021). Master of War: A Visual History of Military Personnel from Commanders to Frontline Fighters. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 20. ISBN 9780241556245.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Pandurang Sumati Shenoy, Dr. Sainath (14 February 2021). Hindu Puran (हिन्दुपुरान) Volume 1. Dr. Sainath Pandurang Sumati Shenoy. p. 46. ISBN 9789354577512.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Singh Thakur, Yuvraj (2 February 2023). Bharatiya Nationalism. Blue Rose Publishers. p. 13.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)