Draft:Safety symbol
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Hazard symbols are universally recognized symbols designed to alert individuals to the presence of hazardous or dangerous materials, locations, or conditions. These include risks associated with electromagnetic fields, electric currents, toxic chemicals, explosive substances, and radioactive materials. Their design and use are often governed by laws and standards organizations to ensure clarity and consistency. Hazard symbols may vary in color, background, borders, or accompanying text to indicate specific dangers and levels of risk, such as toxicity classes. These symbols provide a quick, universally understandable visual warning that transcends language barriers, making them more effective than text-based warnings in many situations.
Examples of common symbols
[edit]Hazard symbols
| |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ISO 7010 | European Union [a] | China[b] | Canada[c] | Soviet Union[d] | United States[e] |
General warning sign | General danger | General danger | Be Alert! | Other hazards | — |
Flammable material | Flammable matter | Fire[f] | Flammable | Flammable substances | Flammable |
Electricity hazard | Danger electricity | Electric shock | Electrical hazard | Electrical | Electric shock |
Floor-level obstacle | Obstacles | Obstacles | — | — | Trip |
Prohibitation symbols
| |||||
ISO 7010 | European Union[g] | China[h] | Canada[i] | Soviet Union[j] | United States[k] |
Slippery surface | Flammable matter | Slippery surface | Slippery floor | Possible fall | Slippery |
Safety equipment/condition symbols
| |||||
ISO 7010 | European Union[l] | China[m] | Canada[n] | Soviet Union[o] | United States[p] |
Emergency exit (left) | Exit (left) | Exit (Left) | Emergency exit | Exit | Exit [13] |
Firefighting symbols
| |||||
ISO 7010 | European Union[q] | China[r] | Canada[s] | Soviet Union[t] | United States[u] |
Fire extinguisher | Fire Extinguisher | Fire extingusher | Emergency Fire Extinguisher |
Possible fall | Slippery |
Fire hose reel | Flammable matter | Slippery surface | Emergency fire hose | Possible fall | Slippery |
Fire alarm call point | Flammable matter | Slippery surface | Slippery floor | Possible fall | Slippery |
Slippery surface | Flammable matter | Slippery surface | Slippery floor | Possible fall | Slippery |
Generic warning symbol
[edit]On roadside warning signs, an exclamation mark is often used to draw attention to a generic warning of danger, hazards, and the unexpected. In Europe and elsewhere in the world (except North America and Australia), this type of sign is used if there are no more-specific signs to denote a particular hazard.[18][19] When used for traffic signs, it is accompanied by a supplementary sign describing the hazard, usually mounted under the exclamation mark.
This symbol has also been more widely adopted for generic use in many other contexts not associated with road traffic. It often appears on hazardous equipment, in instruction manuals to draw attention to a precaution, on tram/train blind spot warning stickers and on natural disaster (earthquake, tsunami, hurricane, volcanic eruption) preparedness posters/brochures—as an alternative when a more-specific warning symbol is not available.
Non-standard symbols
[edit]A large number of warning symbols with non-standard designs are in use around the world.
Some warning symbols have been redesigned to be more comprehensible to children, such as the Mr. Ouch (depicting an electricity danger as a snarling, spiky creature) and Mr. Yuk (a green frowny face sticking its tongue out, to represent poison) designs in the United States.
See also
[edit]- Bouba/kiki effect – Non-arbitrary attachment of sounds to object shapes
- Pictogram
- ISO 7010 – ISO standard for safety symbols
- ISO 7001 – ISO standard for public information symbols.
- Safety sign
Notes
[edit]- ^ Directive 92/58/EEC
- ^ GB 2894-2008[1]
- ^ CSA Z321[2]
- ^ GOST 12.4.026-76,[3] GOST 17925-72[4]
- ^ United States legislation and standards typically do not prescribe exact symbol designs. Designs can vary from those shown.
- ^ Taken directly from the English description provided with GB 2894-2008.
- ^ Directive 92/58/EEC
- ^ GB 2894-2008[5]
- ^ CSA Z321[6]
- ^ GOST 12.4.026-76,[7] GOST 17925-72[8]
- ^ United States legislation and standards typically do not prescribe exact symbol designs. Designs can vary from those shown.
- ^ Directive 92/58/EEC
- ^ GB 2894-2008[9]
- ^ CSA Z321[10]
- ^ GOST 12.4.026-76,[11] GOST 17925-72[12]
- ^ NFPA 170[13]
- ^ Directive 92/58/EEC
- ^ GB 2894-2008[14]
- ^ CSA Z321[15]
- ^ GOST 12.4.026-76,[16] GOST 17925-72[17]
- ^ NFPA 170[13]
Bibliography
[edit]- Product Safety Sign and Label System (3rd ed.). Santa Clara, CA: FMC Corporation. 1980.
- Product Safety Label Handbook. Pittsburgh, PA: Westinghouse Electric Corp. 1981.
- Ross, Kenneth (October 1983). "The Story of 'MR OUCH' - Creation of a warning label". Product Liability International: 152–154.
- Product Safety Sign and Label System (4th ed.). Santa Clara, CA: FMC Corporation. 1985.
- Ryan, Joseph P. (1990). Design of Warning Labels and Instructions. New York, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. ISBN 0442319533.
- National Fire Protection Association (2024). NFPA 170 - Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Retrieved 19 December 2024.
References
[edit]- ^ Standardization Administration of China (2008). Safety Signs & Guideline for the Use (2008 ed.).
- ^ Canadian Standards Association (March 1996). CAN/CSA-Z321-96 - Signs and Symbols for the Workplace (2006 ed.). Ontario, Canada: CSA Group.
- ^ ГОСТ 12.4.026-76 - Система стандартов безопасности труда. Цвета сигнальные и знаки безопасности (in Russian). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Publishing House of Standards. 1978.
- ^ ГОСТ 17925-72 - Знак радиационной опасности (in Russian). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: IPC Publishing House of Standards. 1973.
- ^ Standardization Administration of China (2008). Safety Signs & Guideline for the Use (2008 ed.).
- ^ Canadian Standards Association (March 1996). CAN/CSA-Z321-96 - Signs and Symbols for the Workplace (2006 ed.). Ontario, Canada: CSA Group.
- ^ ГОСТ 12.4.026-76 - Система стандартов безопасности труда. Цвета сигнальные и знаки безопасности (in Russian). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Publishing House of Standards. 1978.
- ^ ГОСТ 17925-72 - Знак радиационной опасности (in Russian). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: IPC Publishing House of Standards. 1973.
- ^ Standardization Administration of China (2008). Safety Signs & Guideline for the Use (2008 ed.).
- ^ Canadian Standards Association (March 1996). CAN/CSA-Z321-96 - Signs and Symbols for the Workplace (2006 ed.). Ontario, Canada: CSA Group.
- ^ ГОСТ 12.4.026-76 - Система стандартов безопасности труда. Цвета сигнальные и знаки безопасности (in Russian). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Publishing House of Standards. 1978.
- ^ ГОСТ 17925-72 - Знак радиационной опасности (in Russian). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: IPC Publishing House of Standards. 1973.
- ^ a b c NFPA 2024.
- ^ Standardization Administration of China (2008). Safety Signs & Guideline for the Use (2008 ed.).
- ^ Canadian Standards Association (March 1996). CAN/CSA-Z321-96 - Signs and Symbols for the Workplace (2006 ed.). Ontario, Canada: CSA Group.
- ^ ГОСТ 12.4.026-76 - Система стандартов безопасности труда. Цвета сигнальные и знаки безопасности (in Russian). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Publishing House of Standards. 1978.
- ^ ГОСТ 17925-72 - Знак радиационной опасности (in Russian). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: IPC Publishing House of Standards. 1973.
- ^ "Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 2006. p. 50.
- ^ "Consolidated resolution on road signs and signals" (PDF). UNECE. 2010. p. 15.