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Draft:Njemica pit

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Njemica
Jama Njemica
Map showing the location of Njemica
Map showing the location of Njemica
Coordinates43°18′30″N 17°04′40″E / 43.3083°N 17.0777°E / 43.3083; 17.0777
Depth-934 m
Elevation1367 m
Entrances1
AccessRestricted, experienced cavers only

Njemica pit[1][2] (Croatian: Jama Njemica) is a deep pit located in the Biokovo mountain. Currently it is the deepest known pit of the Biokovo mountain and the 5th deepest pit in Croatia[3] at -934 meters deep. Its entrance is located near the peak Bukov vrh at 1367 m.a.s.l.

It is characterized by spacious chambers, long pitches (vertical drops) and numerous overhangs (the largest being 50 meters tall).

Naming

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The translation of the pit name would be: German woman.

History

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The entrance to the pit was first discovered by Zvonko Glibota and Ante Ćapin.

The initial descent into the pit was undertaken by Zvonko Glibota and Paško Visković in the spring of 2017. Their exploration was cut short when they encountered a constriction in the meander at a depth of approximately 90 meters.

Further exploration was deferred until the summer of 2019. During this time, numerous single-day and multi-day expeditions enabled the cavers to reach a depth of nearly 400 meters. At this depth, they arrived at the hall known as Velika dvorana and established a bivouac for ongoing expeditions.

From then until mid-autumn of 2020., several expeditions involved a broad array of cavers from Croatia and abroad. These efforts led to reaching the deepest known part of the pit, at a depth of -934 meters, which concluded in a sump.

As of the latest updates, the sump at the bottom has not been passed. A cave-diving expedition is scheduled for the summer of 2024.

Caving clubs involved in the exploration

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Croatia:

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  • SAK Ekstrem
  • SO HPD Biokovo
  • SO HPD Mosor
  • SO HPK Sv. Mihovil
  • SO HPD Željezničar
  • Breganja
  • Speleološki klub Ozren Lukić
  • SD Špiljar
  • SO PDS Velebit

Bulgaria:

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  • Pod Rb

Pit morphology

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The pit is characterized by spacious halls and large vertical drops. The entrance is 5 m × 3 m and is immediately followed by a 82 meter drop.

Vertical drops taller than 50 m
Original name Translated name Height
Ulazna vertikala Entrance drop 87 m
Velika vertikala Big drop 92 m
Bugari ušli u Njemicu Bulgarians entered the Njemica 160 m
Notable meanders and halls
Original name Translated name Depth Note
Rigoleto meandar Puke meander 170 m
Velika dvorana Great hall 396 m A bivouac is located at the south-eastern end of the hall
Donji grad Lower city 569 m
Ledena dvorana Icy hall 650 m

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Kurečić, Tomislav; Hajek-Tadesse, Valentina; Wacha, Lara; Horvat, Marija; Trinajstić, Nina; Mišur, Ivan; Visković, Paško; Šarc, Filip; Jalžić, Branko; Belak, Filip; Rossi, Nicola; Rubić, Darko; Radanović, Matej; Zrna, Zoran (2022). "Klastični sedimenti i sub-recentna mikrofauna s dna jame Njemice (Biokovo, Hrvatska)" (in Croatian): 44–45. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ^ Visković, Paško (2020-12-21). "Njemica - Najdublja jama Biokova". Subterranea Croatica (in Croatian). 18 (2): 2–14. ISSN 1334-5281.
  3. ^ "Najdublji i najdulji speleološki objekti u Hrvatskoj". HPS.hr. Retrieved 2024-07-18.