Draft:Monsoon Trawling Ban
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The Monsoon Trawling Ban is a regulatory measure implemented by India to protect marine biodiversity, conserve fish stocks, and support the sustainability of livelihood in coastal communities.[1] Introduced in the 1980s, the ban restricts fishing activities during the Monsoon of South Asia, coinciding with the breeding and Spawning period of many Marine life. With its extensive coastline of over 8,100 kilometres, India has made the monsoon trawling ban a critical strategy for sustainable fishery management.[2]
Historical Background
[edit]India’s coastal regions have long depended on marine fishing, with artisanal fishing practices guided by ecological knowledge and traditional customs. However, the mechanisation of fisheries in the 1960s and 1970s led to overfishing and significant ecological degradation.[3] The widespread adoption of trawling and large-scale fishing vessel intensified fishing pressures, depleting key fish stocks and damaging marine habitat.
In response to these challenges, the Government of India began implementing seasonal fishing bans to allow fish populations to recover during critical breeding periods.[4] The first formal monsoon trawling ban was introduced in the 1980s, with Kerala pioneering the initiative in 1988. Over time, other coastal states such as Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra followed suit, tailoring their bans to local ecological and socio-economic conditions.[5]
Objectives
[edit]The primary objectives of the monsoon trawling ban include:
1. Marine Conservation: Protecting spawning fish and juvenile populations during their breeding cycles to ensure stock replenishment.[6]
2. Sustainable fishery: Stabilising fish stocks to support the long-term viability of both artisanal and industrial fishing sectors.
3. Ecosystem management: Reducing the environmental impact of mechanised fishing methods, such as trawling, which disrupt marine habitats.[7]
Implementation and Enforcement
[edit]The monsoon trawling bans are state-specific, with varying durations and enforcement mechanisms:
• Kerala enforces a 52-day ban on mechanised trawling in the first half of June.[8]
• Tamil Nadu and Karnataka implement bans lasting 45 to 61 days, adjusted to local ecological conditions.[9]
• The bans primarily target mechanised trawlers, while artisanal fishing using traditional, less invasive methods are often granted limited access during the period.
Enforcement includes coastal patrolling, monitoring by state fisheries departments, and collaboration with local fishermen communities. These efforts are aimed at ensuring compliance while addressing Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing practices.
Impacts of the Ban
[edit]The monsoon trawling ban has demonstrated significant ecological and economic benefits, including:
1. Improved Fish stock: Post-ban periods see increased fish diversity and larger catches, reflecting the replenishment of fish populations.
2. Ecosystem restoration: Reduced fishing activity during the monsoon allows marine ecosystems to recover from the pressures of mechanised fishing.[10]
3. Impact on Livelihood: Fishing restrictions during the ban period affect the income and well-being of coastal communities.
4. Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing: Instances of unauthorised fishing during the ban undermine its effectiveness.
5. Alternative Livelihoods: Fishermen face displacement to other activities, often without adequate support or resources.
References
[edit]- ^ Mohamed, K.S.; P. Puthra; Sathianandan, T.V.; Baiju, M.V.; Sairabanu, K.A.; Lethy, K.M.; Sahadevan, P.; Nair, Chandrasekharan; Lailabeevi, M.; Sivaprasad, P.S. (2014). Report of the committee to evaluate fish wealth and impact of trawl ban along Kerala coast (Report). Department of Fisheries, Government of Kerala. p. 85.
- ^ Gunakar, S.; Jadhav, A.; Bhatta, R. (2017). "Protections for Small-Scale Fisheries in India: A Study of India's Monsoon Fishing Ban". In Jentoft, S.; Chuenpagdee, R.; Barragán-Paladines, M.; Franz, N. (eds.). The Small-Scale Fisheries Guidelines. MARE Publication Series. Vol. MARE Publication Series, vol 14. Springer, Cham. pp. 197–211. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55074-9_14. ISBN 978-3-319-55073-2.
- ^ Balan, K.; Pillai, N. G.; Kurup, B. M. (2020). "Impact of Monsoon Trawling Ban on Marine Fish Landings in Kerala". Journal of Marine Sciences. 45 (3): 321–335.
- ^ Salagrama, V. (2018). "Livelihood Impacts of Monsoon Fishing Bans on Indian Coastal Fishers". Development Studies in Fisheries. 36 (1): 87–101.
- ^ Vivekanandan, E.; Krishnakumar, P. K. (2019). "Seasonal Fishing Bans: A Conservation Strategy for Indian Marine Fisheries". Journal of Environmental Management. 38 (2): 99–112.
- ^ Srinath, M.; Khan, M. Z. (2019). "Monsoon Fishing Bans and Marine Resource Conservation in India". Journal of Marine Policy. 44 (1): 51–66.
- ^ Thomas, B.; Kumar, R. (2021). "Balancing conservation and livelihoods: A review of monsoon fishing bans in Karnataka". Indian Fisheries Policy Journal. 30 (2): 120–134.
- ^ George, G.; Thomas, M.; Menon, N. G. (2022). "Implementation and enforcement of monsoon fishing bans in India". Coastal Management Journal. 48 (4): 279–295.
- ^ George, G.; Thomas, M.; Menon, N. G. (2022). "Implementation and enforcement of monsoon fishing bans in India". Coastal Management Journal. 48 (4): 279–295.
- ^ Kumar, A.; Prakash, P. (2021). "Ecological benefits of monsoon fishing bans in Coastal India". Journal of Environmental Protection. 12 (3): 198–210.