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Draft:Low emission buses in New York City

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Battery electric bus

There are 562 hybrid buses, 512 compressed natural gas buses and 16 battery electric buses operating in New York City, as of October 2024, out of a total bus fleet of around 4,600 – this is around 26% of the bus fleet.[1]

The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) notes that they expect to purchase only zero-emission buses from 2029 onwards, and aim to have a fully zero-emission bus fleet by 2040.[1]

comparison with other US cities. Compared to cities internationally, New York City has a smaller number of low emission buses, with London and Moscow having 1,700 and 2,100 electric buses in service respectively.[2][3]

Background

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New York City CO2 emissions, how much does transit contribute to this, City / State climate goals

Diesel buses also produce particulate pollution, which is harmful to health. By using less diesel fuel, operators can also reduce the running cost of their bus fleet.

Background on CNG bus

Hybrid electric buses use a combination of an electric battery pack and a diesel engine to provide power, and produce around 40% less carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions than traditional diesel engined buses. Energy generated during braking is used to charge the batteries of hybrid vehicles. Battery electric buses use on-board batteries to power an electric motor that drives the bus. Unlike a hybrid electric bus, there are no local emissions. As with hybrid buses, regenerative braking is used to charge the batteries.

Not relevant Hydrogen fuel cell buses use the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen to generate electricity that drives the bus with an electric motor. The only emission from the bus is water.

Operational history

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Early trials and tests

since the establishment of the MTA's "Clean Fuel Bus" program in June 2000.[4]

"Clean diesel" buses and CNG

Buses running compressed natural gas (CNG) were first tested in the early 1990s,[5][6] and mass-ordered beginning in 1999.[4][5] Within the current fleet are over 1,600 diesel-electric buses and over 700 buses powered by compressed natural gas, which make up over half of the total fleet.[7][8][9] This is the largest fleet of either kind in the United States.[9][10]

Introduction of hybrids

Hybrid-electric buses, operating with a combination of diesel and electric power, were introduced in September 1998 with the Orion VI,[11][12][13] and mass-ordered beginning in 2003 with the Orion VII.[14][12] These hybrid buses proved to be useful, at least the 2006-2007 models, for these models cost significantly less to repair and maintain than earlier units.[15]

Introduction of battery electric buses

In 2017, the MTA tested a fleet of ten 40-foot battery electric buses – five from New Flyer and five from Proterra, the XE40 Xcelsior CHARGE and Catalyst BE40 models respectively.[16][17] These were all leases, which expired in 2021.[16] The Proterra buses were tested on the B32 route in Queens and Brooklyn, while the Proterra buses were tested on the M42 and M50 routes in Manhattan.[17] In 2019, the MTA ordered their first battery-electric 60-foot articulated buses, with an order of fifteen XE60 Xcelsior CHARGE buses from New Flyer, deployed on Manhattan Select Bus Service routes. In April 2021, the agency placed an RFP for forty-five new forty-foot battery-electric buses.[16] Later in 2021, the MTA awarded New Flyer the contract for the electric bus order, set to arrive in late 2022 and 2023. 15 more buses were added to the originally 45 bus contract, making for a total of 60 buses allotted for MTA NYCT;[16] these were delivered in 2024.[18][19]

Other technologies? (hydrogen fuel cell buses)

In 2022, the MTA announced that they would trial hydrogen fuel cell buses, funded by a grant from New York State Energy Research and Development Authority.[20] The first two buses (New Flyer Xcelsior CHARGE H2) will be launched in The Bronx by late 2025.[21]

Additional cost of battery electric / hybrids?

Reliability?

Future plans

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The number of zero emission buses is due to increase to 1,035 by 2029.[1] The MTA is aiming for the entire bus fleet to be zero emission by 2040,[1][22] although in 2023 MTA officials expressed doubts that the fleet would be fully electrified by that date.[23]

Future technologies? opportunity charging? hydrogen fuel cells?

Summary of current operations

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A variety of hybrid vehicles are currently used. These include the examples of vehicles

Compressed natural gas buses currently used include examples of vehicles

Battery electric fuel cell vehicles currently used include the examples of vehicles

Response

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Positive feedback from residents, campaign groups, politicians?

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "2025-2029 Capital Plan". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 25, 2024. p. 87. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  2. ^ Lydall, Ross (November 20, 2024). "Is it a bus or a tram? New era for electric buses in London". The Standard. Retrieved November 20, 2024. London already has the largest zero emission bus fleet in western Europe, with more than 1,700 buses on more than 70 routes powered by batteries or other "green" technologies such as hydrogen.
  3. ^ "В Москве работают уже 2100 электробусов" [There are already 2,100 electric buses operating in Moscow]. gazetametro.ru. October 29, 2024. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  4. ^ a b "New York City Transit – History and Chronology". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
  5. ^ a b Lowell, Dana M.; Parsley, William; Bush, Christopher; Zupo, Douglas (August 24, 2008). "Comparison of Clean Diesel Buses to CNG Buses". osti.gov. MTA New York City Transit Authority. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  6. ^ Pierre-Pierre, Garry (January 16, 1996). "Buses Using Natural Gas Do Well in Pilot Program". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
  7. ^ "MTA Capital Program Oversight Committee Meeting: January 2016" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 29, 2016. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
  8. ^ Young, Angelo (July 1, 2013). "New York City Scrapping Nearly A Fourth Of Its Hybrid Bus Engines For 100% Diesel Bus Engines". ibtimes.com. International Business Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  9. ^ a b "Transit & Bus Committee Meeting" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 23, 2018. pp. 49–50. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 16, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  10. ^ Press Release (September 5, 2008). "MTA NYC Transit Introduces New Generation Hybrid Electric Bus Into Staten Island Service". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  11. ^ "New York City Transit - History and Chronology". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2007.
  12. ^ a b Press Release (November 29, 2005). "Orion Hybrid/Electric Buses Are Key To Cleaner Air And Improved Economy". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on May 30, 2020. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  13. ^ Wald, Matthew L. (February 8, 1999). "Hybrid Bus Is Environmentally Friendly". The New York Times. Warren, Rhode Island. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
  14. ^ Kenneth T. Jackson; Lisa Keller; Nancy Flood (December 1, 2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18257-6.
  15. ^ "New York's hybrid buses prove their worth". New Atlas. February 7, 2008. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  16. ^ a b c d "Transitioning to a zero-emissions bus fleet". MTA. October 13, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  17. ^ a b Barone, Vincent (January 8, 2018). "MTA's all-electric bus pilot rolls out to B32, M42 and M50 routes". amNewYork. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  18. ^ "MTA adds 60 electric buses to Queens, Staten Island and Brooklyn routes". Mass Transit (Press release). May 15, 2024. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  19. ^ Simko-Bednarski, Evan (May 14, 2024). "First new MTA electric buses come to Queens". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  20. ^ "MTA Receives Grant for First Zero-Emission Hydrogen Buses". MTA. November 16, 2022. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  21. ^ FuelCellsWorks (November 28, 2022). "MTA To Deploy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses In The Bronx". Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  22. ^ Martinez, Jose (April 27, 2022). "It'll take a small town's supply of juice to fuel the hundreds of emissions-free coaches the MTA plans to add to its 5,800-strong fleet. Not to mention all the depots that will have to be modified and workers retrained". THE CITY - NYC News. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
  23. ^ Simko-Bednarski, Evan (December 24, 2023). "MTA not confident electric buses are ready for NYC streets". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 12, 2024.

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