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Draft:List of legendary rulers of Wales

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Some names of legendary rulers of Wales are recorded in British manuscripts during the middle ages (c. 500 – 1500 AD).The stories were developed greatly by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his book the Historia Regum Britanniae.[1][2] In 1607, the Welsh genealogist John Williams recorded the claimed genealogies of some Welsh gentry families in his Book of Baglan.[3]

During the high middle age, some of the Kings of Gwynedd (North Wales) and later on in the early 15th century, Owain Glyndwr claimed the title Prince of Wales as a direct descendants and heirs of the son of Brutus of Troy, King Camber, and also of the real medieval King Cadwaladr.[2]

Ficticious Kings of Britain

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See also: List of legendary kings of Britain

Line of Brutus of Troy, as Kings of Britain, written in Welsh. The kings were documented rulers of Wales written into manuscripts by Gildas in the 6th century, then Nennius (Historia Brittonum) in the 10th, and those were compiled for the Latin book Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan from 1137, and the manuscripts were also worked on by Geoffrey of Monmouth for his publication of his work Historia Regum Britanniae during 1138. Then, the work was reproduced a millennium after its first publication in modern days for his work in the 1993 Welsh Classical Dictionary, Peter Bartrum offers the king list translated into Welsh, with a disclaimer the people mentioned are potentially ficticious, but are written with accurate dating for the time.[2][4]

Line of rulers
Britain (England, Wales (Cambria), Scotland) Cambria/Wales & Cornwall Royal title Approximate timeline Notes Sources
Brutus of Troy King 1115-1091 B.C.[5] Historia Regum Britanniae
King Camber King 1110 B.C[6] Historia Regum Britanniae
Locrinus son of Brutus King 1091-1081 B.C.[7] Historia Regum Britanniae
Maddan son of Locrinus King 1066-1026 B.C.[8] Historia Regum Britanniae
Gorwynion (Gorbonian) ap Camber Duke 1065 B.C.[9] Son of Camber Historia Regum Britanniae; Book of Baglan folios 84, 306[a]
Kingen Duke 1030 B.C.[10] Son of Difnwall Hen; Governor of Cambria & Duke of Cornwall[a] Historia Regum Britanniae; Book of Baglan folios 84, 306
Aser Duke 1030 B.C.[10] Son of Kingen[a] Historia Regum Britanniae; Book of Baglan folios 84, 306
Membyr ap Madog King 1026-1006 B.C.[11] Historia Regum Britanniae
Ebraucus ap Membyr King 1006-966 B.C.[12] Historia Regum Britanniae
Brutus Darianlas ab Efrog. King 966-954 B.C.[13] Historia Regum Britanniae
Leil King 954-929 B.C.[14] Historia Regum Britanniae
Rhun Baladr Bras King 929-890 B.C.[15] Historia Regum Britanniae
Bleiddud ab Asser King, Duke 920 B.C.[16] Son of Aser[a] Book of Baglan folios 84, 306; Where Troy Once Stood[17]
Bleiddud ap Rhun Baladr Bras King 890-870 B.C.)[16] Son of Bledhud; Governor of Cambria & Duke of Cornwall;[a] under King Leir;[b] husband of Leir's daughter Regan[b][a] Historia Regum Britanniae; Survey of Cornwall; Book of Baglan folios 84, 306
Henwyn, Duke of Cornwall Duke 885 B.C.[18] Son of Bledhud[a] under King Leir;[b] husband of Leir's daughter Regan[b][a] Historia Regum Britanniae; Survey of Cornwall; Book of Baglan folios 84, 306
Governors of Cambria succeeded as Duke of Cornwall
Kings of Britain (rulers of Wales) Royal title Approximate timeline Sources
Leir son of Bladud King 870-810 B.C.[19] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cordeilla daughter of Leir Queen 810-805 B.C.[20] Historia Regum Britanniae
Margan ap Maglawn King 805-803 B.C.[21] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cunedda ap Henwyn King 805-772 B.C.[22] Historia Regum Britanniae
Rhiwallon ap Cunedda King 772-750 B.C.[23] Historia Regum Britanniae
Gwrwst ap Rhiwallon King 750-735 B.C.[24] Historia Regum Britanniae
Seisyll I ap Gwrwst King 735-721 B.C.[25] Historia Regum Britanniae
Iago King 721-711 B.C.[26] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cynfarch ap Seisyll Gwrwst King 711-683 B.C.[27] Historia Regum Britanniae
Gwrfyw Digu King 683-672 B.C.[28] Historia Regum Britanniae
Ferrex son of Gorbodugus King 680 B.C.[29] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cloten I King of Cornwall King 500 B.C.[30] Historia Regum Britanniae
Dyfnwal Moelmud legendary law-maker King 450-410 B.C.[10] Historia Regum Britanniae
Bran ap Dyfnwal Moelmud King 445 B.C.[31] Historia Regum Britanniae
Belinus son of Dyfnwal Moelmud King 410-369 B.C.[32] Historia Regum Britanniae
Brennus/ Brennius King confusion over 2 names, c. 390 BC & 280 BC[33] Historia Regum Britanniae
Gwrgan Farfdrwch ap Beli King 369-339 B.C.[28] Historia Regum Britanniae
Guithelinus King 339-329 B.C.[34] Historia Regum Britanniae
Seisyll II ap Cuhelyn King 329-305 B.C.[25] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cynfarch ap Seisyll ap Cuhelyn King 305-284 B.C.[27] Historia Regum Britanniae
Dan ap Seisyll King 284-274 B.C.[35] Historia Regum Britanniae
Morudd ap Dan King 274-257 B.C.[36] Historia Regum Britanniae
Gorbonion ap Morudd King 257-247 B.C.[37] Historia Regum Britanniae
Aarthal ap Morudd King 247-246, 241-231 B.C.[38] Historia Regum Britanniae
Elidir War King 246-1, 231-218, 207-197 B.C.[39] Historia Regum Britanniae
Owain ap Morudd King 218-211 B.C.[40] Historia Regum Britanniae
Peredur ap Morudd King 218-207 B.C.[41] Historia Regum Britanniae
Morudd ap Dan King 274-257 B.C.[42] Historia Regum Britanniae
Porrex II King Second century B.C. 2/25[43] Historia Regum Britanniae
Urien ab Andryw, son of Andragius King Second century B.C. 7/25[44] Historia Regum Britanniae
Eliud King Second century B.C. 8/25[45] Historia Regum Britanniae
Clydog ab Ithel King Second century B.C. 9/25[46] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cloten II King Second century B.C. 10/25[30] Historia Regum Britanniae
Gurgintius King Second century B.C. 11/25[47] Historia Regum Britanniae
Meiron King Second century B.C. 12/25[48] Historia Regum Britanniae
Bleiddud II King Second century B.C. 13/25[16] Historia Regum Britanniae
Caff (Caph) King Second century B.C. 14/25[49] Historia Regum Britanniae
Oenus King Second century B.C. 15/25[36] Historia Regum Britanniae
Seisyll III King Second century B.C. 16/25[50] Historia Regum Britanniae
Blegywryd King Second century B.C. 17/25[51] Historia Regum Britanniae
Eidol King Second century B.C. 19/25[52] Historia Regum Britanniae
Rhydion King Second century B.C. 20/25[53] Historia Regum Britanniae
Rhydderch King Second century B.C. 21/25[54] Historia Regum Britanniae
Sawyl Benisel I King Second century B.C. 22/25[55] Historia Regum Britanniae
Pyr King Second century B.C. 23/25[56] Historia Regum Britanniae
Capoir King Second century B.C. 24/25[57] Historia Regum Britanniae
Arthfael King Second century B.C.[58] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cherin King Second century B.C.[59] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cligueillus son of Capoir King Second century B.C.[30] Historia Regum Britanniae
Coel King Second century B.C.[60] Historia Regum Britanniae
Eldadus son of Cherin King Second century B.C.[61] Historia Regum Britanniae
Regin son of Gorbonianus King 197-195 B.C.[62] Historia Regum Britanniae
Margan ab Arthal King 195-194 B.C.[21] Historia Regum Britanniae
Einon ab Arthal King 194-188 B.C.[63] Historia Regum Britanniae
Idwal ab Owain King 188-186 B.C.[64] Historia Regum Britanniae
Rhun ap Peredur King 186-179 B.C.[65] Historia Regum Britanniae
Geraint ab Elidir War King 179-159 B.C.[66] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cadell ap Geraint King 159-149 B.C.[67] Historia Regum Britanniae
Beli Mawr King 120-80 B.C.[68] Historia Regum Britanniae
Llud ap Beli Mawr King 80-60 B.C.[69] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cassivellaunus King died 47 BC[70] Historia Regum Britanniae
Cingetorix King c. 54 BC[71] Historia Regum Britanniae
Eppillus son of Commius King 1st century BC[72] Historia Regum Britanniae
Succeeded as Kings of Demetia (South Wales & Cornwall)
Demetia (South Cambia/Wales) Royal title Approximate timeline Notes Sources
Guerthaeth King 54 BC King of Venedotia under King Cassibelanus of Britain; fought against Julius Caesar's second invasion of Britain Historia Regum Britanniae
Britael King 54 BC King of Demetia under King Cassibelanus of Britain; fought against Caesar's second invasion of Britain Historia Regum Britanniae
Gloius King first century AD Son of Emperor Claudius; possible namesake of Gloucester; became duke of Demetia after the death of Arviragus Historia Regum Britanniae
Unnamed grandfather of Merlin King King of Demetia; his daughter was the mother of Merlin; later sources call him Conaan, Melias, or Merlin Historia Regum Britanniae; Brut Chronicle; Les Fils du Roi Constant; Prose Merlin
Cadwallo Lewirh[73] c. 547 King of the Venedotians, Prince of Gwynedd; attended the coronation of King Arthur Historia Regum Britanniae
Sater King King of the Demetians; attended the coronation of King Arthur Historia Regum Britanniae
Malgo[73] c. 589 King of the Venedotians under King Constantine of Britain, King of Gwynedd, son of Lewirh; had Saint David buried at St Davids Cathedral; became King of Britain, and annexed Ireland, Iceland, Götaland, the Orkneys, Norway, and Dacia Historia Regum Britanniae
Margaduc King c. 597 King of the Demetians at the time Augustine of Canterbury arrived in Britain; agreed to make Cadwan king of the Britons Historia Regum Britanniae
Cadwan[74] King c. 597 King of the Venedotians at the time Augustine of Canterbury arrived in Britain; Prince of Gwynedd, became king of the Britons, and reached an agreement with Æthelfrith that the Saxons would rule only north of the Humber; father of Cadwalla and raised Edwin of Northumbria Historia Regum Britanniae
Margadud King c. seventh century King of the Demetians; close friend and advisor of King Cadwalla of Britain.[75] Historia Regum Britanniae

List of Chief Governors of North Cambria (North Wales) & Earls

[edit]

The work of Geoffrey of Monmouth is not all dependable i.e. observation about Stonehenge and the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain,[76] and list of Governors of North Cambria does not add up to the dating system offered for the Kings of Britain.[ab 1][3] However, some of the people mentioned do correspond to historically attributed legends of Welsh rulers before the Roman occupation of Britian.

Name Title Notes Year Sources
Albon Earl Son of Camber, Governor of North Cambria (North Wales), Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild,[a] (Earldom of Ewyas & Ergyng)[77] c. 1,000 BC Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Dingad Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Avyn Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Gridion Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Kereint Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Merion Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Arthe Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Keidio Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Keri Hir Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Parar Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Llŷr Lledaeith[c][d] Earl Son-in-law of King of Britain, Beli Mawr (Heli, G-Grandson of Uthyr Pendragon),[78][b][e] Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] c. 60 BC[79] Book of Baglan folios 85–86; Historia Regum Britanniae; Mabinogion; Welsh Triads[ab 2]
Brân (the Blessed)[c] Earl Son of Llyr, Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild,[a][d] Castell Dinas Bran in Powys his residence.[81] c. 30 BC[79] Book of Baglan folios 85–86; Mabinogion; Welsh Triads, 9
Karadowc (Caradog ap Bran)[c][d]. Earl Son of Bran,[d][ab 3] Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild.[a] c. 5 AD[79] Book of Baglan folios 85–86; Mabinogion; Book of Llandaff; Welsh Triads
Endhaf (Eudaf Hen, Octauian / Octavius) King,[b] Earl, Duke[a] King of Britain, Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild, Duke of Westsexe living near Segontium, Caernarfon, North Wales.[83][a][b] Book of Baglan folios 85–86; Mabinogion; Book of Llandaff; Historia Regum Britanniae
Kenan Earl Governor of North Cambria, Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfild[a] Book of Baglan folios 85–86
Elen[c][d] Saint Daughter of Eudaf Hen, cousin of Conan King of Cornwall (ancestor of Cunedda, founder of Gwynedd) married Roman King of Britain Magnus Maximus.[b][a][d][84] c. 4th century[85] Book of Baglan folios 85–86; Historia Regum Britanniae; Mabinogion; Book of Llandaff; Welsh Triads, 5
Governorship of North Cambria and the title of Earl of Ewias and Urtchingfilde ends during Roman occupation
Attributed arms of Camber from the Book of Baglan[3]

See Also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jones, Arthur (1910). The history of Gruffydd ap Cynan. Manchester University Press. pp. 21, 34–40.
  2. ^ a b c Owain Wyn Jones (2020). "The Most Excellent Princes: Geoffrey of Monmouth and Medieval Welsh Historical Writing". A Companion to Geoffrey of Monmouth (9): 258, 260. doi:10.1163/9789004410398_011. ISBN 978-90-04-41039-8. JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctv2gjwzx0.
  3. ^ a b c John Williams (1910) [1600]. Bradney, Joseph (ed.). Book of Baglan [Llyfr Baglan]. pp. 80–84. hdl:2027/uiug.30112086070007.
  4. ^ Loomis, Laura Hibbard (June 1930). "Geoffrey of Monmouth and Stonehenge". PMLA. 45 (2) (2 ed.): 400/1, 405, 415. doi:10.2307/457800. JSTOR 457800.
  5. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 69.
  6. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 109.
  7. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 485.
  8. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 495.
  9. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 333.
  10. ^ a b c Bartrum 1993, p. 242.
  11. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 537.
  12. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 256.
  13. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 70.
  14. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 454.
  15. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 646.
  16. ^ a b c Bartrum 1993, p. 52.
  17. ^ "BRUTUS, THE LEGENDARY EPONYM OF BRITAIN". ancientwalesstudies.org. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  18. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 414.
  19. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 455.
  20. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 164.
  21. ^ a b Bartrum 1993, p. 520.
  22. ^ Bartrum 1993, pp. 171/2.
  23. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 635.
  24. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 389.
  25. ^ a b Bartrum 1993, p. 667.
  26. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 428.
  27. ^ a b Bartrum 1993, p. 197.
  28. ^ a b Bartrum 1993, p. 377.
  29. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 298.
  30. ^ a b c Bartrum 1993, p. 148.
  31. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 56.
  32. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 43.
  33. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 62.
  34. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 338.
  35. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 213.
  36. ^ a b Bartrum 1993, p. 584.
  37. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 331.
  38. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 27.
  39. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 273.
  40. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 591.
  41. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 615.
  42. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 559.
  43. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 621.
  44. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 725.
  45. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 277.
  46. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 150.
  47. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 339.
  48. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 531.
  49. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 102.
  50. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 666.
  51. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 51.
  52. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 257.
  53. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 649.
  54. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 647.
  55. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 664.
  56. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 627.
  57. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 112.
  58. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 28.
  59. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 144.
  60. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 152.
  61. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 264.
  62. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 628.
  63. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 261.
  64. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 434.
  65. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 645.
  66. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 312.
  67. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 82.
  68. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 42.
  69. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 473.
  70. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 122.
  71. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 146.
  72. ^ Bartrum 1993, p. 287.
  73. ^ a b "MAELGWN GWYNEDD (died c. 547) king of Gwynedd and monk". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  74. ^ "CADFAN (fl. 620), prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  75. ^ "CADWALLON (died 633), prince". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  76. ^ Loomis, Laura Hibbard (June 1930). "Geoffrey of Monmouth and Stonehenge". PMLA. 45 (2) (2 ed.): 400/1, 405, 415. doi:10.2307/457800. JSTOR 457800.
  77. ^ Henry Lewis (1942). Brut Dingestow. Cardiff: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru. pp. 228–230.
  78. ^ Bromwich, Rachel (1961), Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Welsh Triads, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, p. 284
  79. ^ a b c "Beli Mawr And Lllyr Lledaith in Welsh Pedigrees". ancientwalesstudies.org. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  80. ^ Rhys, John; Evans, John Gwenogvryn, eds. (1887). Welsh Triads/Red Book of Hergest  – via Wikisource.
  81. ^ Evans, John (1804), Letters written during a tour through North Wales in the year 1798, p. 315
  82. ^ Skene, William Forbes, ed. (1868). Welsh Triads/Peniarth MS 54  – via Wikisource.
  83. ^ Ifor Williams (1920). Macsen's dream [Breuddwyd Maxen]. Bangor: Jarvis & Foster. p. 24.
  84. ^ "Cunedda Wledig, King of North Wales". Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  85. ^ Rachel Bromwich (2006). Welsh Triads [Trioedd Ynys Prydein] (3 ed.). Cardiff: University of Wales Press. pp. 441–444.

Book notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Book of Baglan
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Historia Regum Britanniae
  3. ^ a b c d Four Branches of the Mabinogi
  4. ^ a b c d e f Welsh Triads
  5. ^ The Life of Gruffudd ap Cynan

Overall notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The list has 15 generations spanning a thousand years, missing potentially dozens of descendants. It is therefore likely the people shown represented a family for a generation as Earl and the title would be passed several generations each time skipping hundreds of years of descendants on the list
  2. ^ Llyr mentioned in Triads 6, 9, 12, 35, 44, 49, 58[80]
  3. ^ Mentioned as "Caradawc son of Bran" in Peniarth MS 54, 12.[82]
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