Jump to content

Draft:List of Threatened, Endangered and Extinct species in the Mariana Islands

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Following is a list of threatened, endangered, and extinct species (or subspecies) in the Mariana Islands, defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List or the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), encompassing the geopolitical states of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI).

As of 2015, there were 23 species endemic to the Mariana Islands listed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service as endangered. The authors cited threats to species from habitat loss and degradation, military activities, urbanization, recreational vehicles, feral ungulates (invasive wild boar and sambar deer), water buffalo, rats, brown tree snakes, slugs, flatworms, ants, wasps, nonnative plants, fires, typhoons, water extraction, and future climate change.[1]

As of 2024, the USFWS and IUCN together listed 9 species or subspecies endemic to the Mariana Islands that have gone extinct: the little Mariana fruit bat (Pteropus tokudae); 5 birds (Guam flycatcher (Myiagra freycineti), bridled white-eye (Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus), Pagan reed-warbler (Acrocephalus yamashinae), Aguijan reed-warbler (Acrocephalus nijoi), the Mariana mallard (Anas oustaleti); and 3 snails (Partula desolata, Partula langfordi, Mount Alifana partula (Partula salifana)).[2] Additionally, the Guam kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus) is listed as extinct in the wild.[3]

Mammals

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image Conservation status Notes
Little Mariana fruit bat, Guam flying fox Pteropus tokudae Extinct (USFWS)[4] Native to Guam. Last seen 1968; declared extinct in 2023.
Pacific sheath-tailed bat (payeyi, paischeey) Emballonura semicaudata rotensis
  • Endangered (Marianas subspecies, USFWS)[5]
  • Endangered (species, IUCN)[6]
 Subspecies native to Guam and CNMI
Mariana fruit bat (fanihi, Mariana flying fox) Pteropus mariannus mariannus
  • Endangered (IUCN, listed as Pteropus mariannus)[7]
  • Threatened (USFWS, listed as Pteropus mariannus mariannus)[8]
 Native to Guam and CNMI

Reptiles

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image Conservation status Notes
Slevin's skink, Mariana skink (gualik halumtanu, gholuuf) Emoia slevini
Critically Endangered (IUCN)[9], Endangered (USFWS) Endemic to Guam and CNMI

Birds

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image Conservation status Notes
Pagan reed-warbler Acrocephalus yamashinae Extinct (IUCN)[10] Native to Pagan. Last seen in late 1970s.[11]
Mariana mallard, Oustalet's duck Anas oustaleti
Extinct (USFWS)[12] Native to Guam, Tinian and Saipan, possibly also Rota and Pagan. Last seen in 1979.[12]
Bridled white-eye (nossa) Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus Extinct (USFWS)[4] Endemic to Guam and considered one of the most common bird species between early 1900s and 1930s. Last seen in 1983; declared extinct in 2023[13]
Aguiguan reed-warbler Acrocephalus nijoi Extinct (IUCN)[14] Native to Aguiguan. Last seen in 1995.[15]
Guam flycatcher, Guam broadbill Myiagra freycineti
Extinct (IUCN)[16] Native to Guam. Last seen in 1984.[12]
Nightingale reed warbler, Guam reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinius

(spelling per IUCN); listed by USFWS as Acrocephalus luscinia)

Extinct (IUCN)[17], but listed as Endangered by USFWS[18] Native to Guam and CNMI
Guam kingfisher (sihek) Todiramphus cinnamominus[19]
Extinct in the Wild (IUCN),[20] Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam
Guam rail (ko'ko')[19] Gallirallus owstoni[19] (species name as listed by USFWS), Hypotaenidia owstoni (species name as listed by IUCN)
Critically Endangered (IUCN),[21] Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam
Saipan Reed-warbler Acrocephalus hiwae
Critically Endangered (IUCN)[22], but not listed by USFWS Native to CNMI
Rota white-eye (nosa' Luta)[19] Zosterops rotensis
Critically Endangered (IUCN)[23], Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to CNMI
Mariana crow (åga)[19] Corvus kubaryi
Critically Endangered (IUCN)[24], Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam and CNMI
Micronesian megapode (sasangat)[19] Megapodius laperouse
Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam and CNMI
Mariana common moorhen (pulattat)[19] Gallinula chloropus guami Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam and CNMI
Mariana swiftlet (yayaguak) Aerodramus bartschi Endangered (USFWS)[18]
Mariana gray swiftlet[19] Aerodramus vanikorensis bartschi Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam and CNMI
Golden white-eye Cleptornis marchei
Endangered (IUCN)[25], not listed by USFWS Native to CNMI
Short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus
Endangered (USFWS)[26], Vulnerable (IUCN)[27] Native to North Pacific Ocean, mostly breeding on islands near Japan

Gastropods

[edit]

Three of the 7 partulid snails described from the Mariana islands are already extinct, and the remaining 4 are imperiled.[28] Partulid populations have been affected by invasive snails such as the North American Euglandina species and the New Guinea flatworm (Platydemus manokwari).

Common name Scientific name Image Conservation status Notes
Mount Alifana Partula Partula salifana
Extinct (IUCN)[29] Native to the Mount Alifana region of southern Guam
Partula desolata
Extinct[30] Known only from archeological site on Rota (although no indication human consumption of the snails); it survived until at least c. 1000. The describing authors chose the specific name "desolata" due to the desolation brought about upon the Partulidae populations in the Pacific.
Langford's tree snail (akaleha', denden) Partula langfordi
Extinct (IUCN)[31][32] but still listed as Endangered by USFWS[33] Native to Aguigan
Fragile tree snail, akaleha dogas, denden Samoana fragilis
Endangered (USFW[34], IUCN[35]) Native to Guam and Rota
Humped tree snail (akaleha', denden) Partula gibba
Endangered (USFWS[33], IUCN[36]) Native to Guam and CNMI
Guam tree snail (akaleha', denden) Partula radiolata
Endangered (USFWS[33], IUCN[37] Native to Guam
  • artula lutaensis - endemic to Rota; species first described in 2021, and the describing authors advised it be "listed as Endangered as soon as possible."[28]

Insects

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image Conservation status Notes
Rota blue damselfly (dulalas Luta, dulalas Luuta) Ischnura luta Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to CNMI
Mariana wandering butterfly (ababbang, libweibwogh) Vagrans egistina
Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam and CNMI
Mariana eight-spot butterfly (ababbang, libweibwogh) Hypolimnas octocula marianensis
Endangered (USFWS)[34]

Plants

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image Conservation status Notes
Hayun lagu Serianthes nelsonii
Critically Endangered (IUCN)[38], Endangered (USFW)[18] Native to Guam and Rota
No known common name Osmoxylon mariannense
Critically Endangered (IUCN)[39], Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to CNMI
No known common name Eugenia bryanii Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam
Paudedo Hedyotis megalantha Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam
Ufa halumtanu, ufa halom tano Heritiera longipetiolata Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam and CNMI
No known common name Phyllanthus saffordii
Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam
Aplokating palaoan Psychotria malaspinae Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam
Berenghenas halomtano Solanum guamense Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam and CNMI
No known common name Nesogenes rotensis
Endangered (USFWS)[18] Native to CNMI
No known common name Tinospora homosepala Endangered (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam
No known common name Tuberolabium guamense Threatened (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam and CNMI
No known common name Tabernaemontana rotensis
Threatened (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam and CNMI
Siboyas halom tano, Cebello halumtano Bulbophyllum guamense
Threatened (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam and CNMI
Fadang, faadang Cycas micronesica
Endangered (IUCN),[40] Threatened (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam, CNMI, States of Micronesia, and Palau
No known common name Dendrobium guamense
Threatened (USFWS)[33] Native to Guam and CNMI
No known common name Maesa walkeri
Threatened (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam and CNMI
No known common name Nervilia jacksoniae Threatened (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam and CNMI
Narra Pterocarpus indicus
Endangered (IUCN)[41] Native from Indo-China to western Pacific ocean[42]

Plants proposed to have protected status

[edit]
  • Pogostemon guamensis - endemic to Guam; first described in 2020 and recommended by the describing authors to be listed as "Critically Endangered."[43]
  • Bulbophyllum raulersoniae - endemic to Guam; first described in 2022 and recommended by the describing authors to be listed as "Endangered."[44]

Marine animals

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image Conservation status Notes
Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata
Critically Endangered (IUCN)[45], Endangered (USFWS)[46] Widespread distribution in tropical and temperate oceans, including the Marianas
Oceanic Whitetip Shark Carcharhinus longimanus
Critically endangered (IUCN)[47] Widespread distribution in tropical and temperate oceans, including the Marianas
Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas
Endangered (Central Western Pacific population, USFWS)[48]
Pelagic thresher Alopias pelagicus
Endangered (IUCN)[49] Native to Indian and Pacific Oceans
Basking Shark Cetorhinus maximus
Endangered (IUCN)[50] Native to Pacific and Atlantic Oceans
Sharptooth Lemon Shark Negaprion acutidens
Endangered (IUCN)[51] Native from Middle East to Western Pacific coasts
Grey Reef Shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Endangered (IUCN)[52] Native from tropical Indo-West and Central Pacific Oceans, including the Marianas, and parts of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
Longfin Mako Isurus paucus
Endangered (IUCN)[53]
Oceanic manta ray, Giant oceanic manta ray Mobula birostris
Endangered (IUCN)[54] Native throughout tropical and temperate oceans
Shorthorned Pygmy Devil Ray Mobula kuhlii
Endangered (IUCN)[55] Native from east African coast to western Pacific
Sicklefin Devil Ray Mobula tarapacana
Endangered (ICUN)[56]
Longhorned Pygmy Devil Ray Mobula eregoodoo
Endangered (IUCN)[57] Native to coastal waters from eastern Africa and Middle East to western Pacific
Black Teatfish Holothuria nobilis
Endangered (IUCN)[58]
Pineapple sea cucumber, Prickly redfish Thelenota ananas
Endangered (IUCN)[59] Native throughout the Indo-Pacific, including the Marianas, excluding Hawaii

Corals

[edit]

Recovered species

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image Conservation status Notes
Tinian monarch Monarcha takatsukasae
On the USFWS endangered species list since 1970 but delisted in 2004 due to recovery of population[61]

See also

[edit]


References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Endangered Status for 16 Species and Threatened Status for 7 Species in Micronesia" (PDF). DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR: Fish and Wildlife Service. 2015. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  2. ^ "Search: EX - Extinct; Guam + Northern Mariana Islands; Species". IUCN Red List.
  3. ^ "Search: EW - Extinct in the wild; Guam + Northern Mariana Islands; Species". IUCN Red List. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  4. ^ a b "21 Species Delisted from the Endangered Species Act due to Extinction | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  5. ^ "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 133 Species in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, California, Nevada, Hawaii, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands". Federal Register. 2023-03-23. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  6. ^ "Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat - Emballonura semicaudata". IUCN Red List. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  7. ^ "Mariana Fruit Bat - Pteropus mariannus". IUCN Red List. 2020. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  8. ^ "Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 156 Species in Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  9. ^ "Mariana Skink - Emoia slevini". IUCN Red List. 2013. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  10. ^ "Pagan Reed-warbler - Acrocephalus yamashinae". IUCN Red List. 2023. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  11. ^ "Pagan Reed Warbler - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  12. ^ a b c "Removing the Mariana Mallard and the Guam Broadbill From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. 2004-02-23. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  13. ^ "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of 21 Species From the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife". Federal Register. 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  14. ^ "Aguijan Reed-warbler - Acrocephalus nijoi". IUCN Red List. 2023. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  15. ^ "Aguiguan Reed Warbler - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  16. ^ "Guam Flycatcher - Myiagra freycineti". IUCN Red List. 2016. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  17. ^ "Guam Reed-warbler - Acrocephalus luscinius". IUCN Red List. 2023. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Federal Register, Volume 88 Issue 64 (Tuesday, April 4, 2023) 2023 Federal Register, 88 FR 19880-19894; Centralized Library: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service -". www.fws.gov. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Technical Corrections for 62 Wildlife and Plant Species on the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants". Federal Register. 2023-02-02. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  20. ^ "Guam Kingfisher - Todiramphus cinnamominus". IUCN Red List. 2017. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  21. ^ "Guam Rail - Hypotaenidia owstoni". IUCN Red List. 2019. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  22. ^ "Saipan Reed-warbler - Acrocephalus hiwae". IUCN Red List. 2018. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  23. ^ "Rota White-eye - Zosterops rotensis". IUCN Red List. 2018. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  24. ^ "Mariana Crow - Corvus kubaryi". IUCN Red List. 2018. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  25. ^ "Golden White-eye - Cleptornis marchei". IUCN Red List. 2020. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  26. ^ "Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  27. ^ "Short-tailed Albatross - Phoebastria albatrus". IUCN Red List. 2018. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  28. ^ a b Sischo, David R.; Hadfield, Michael G. (2021-05-17). "The tree snail on Rota Island, Northern Mariana Islands, long identified as Partula gibba (Partulidae), is a different species". ZooKeys (1037): 105–118. Bibcode:2021ZooK.1037..105S. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1037.56303. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 8144162. PMID 34054316.
  29. ^ "Mount Alifana Partula - Partula salifana". IUCN Red List. 2017. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  30. ^ Kerr, Alexander. "Partula desolata sp. nov. (Pulmonata: Partulidae), an extinct land snail from Rota, Mariana Islands, Micronesia". Micronesica.
  31. ^ "Partula langfordi". IUCN Red List. 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  32. ^ Kerr, Alexander (2013). "Partula desolata sp. nov. (Pulmonata: Partulidae), an extinct land snail from Rota, Mariana Islands, Micronesia". Micronesica. 05: 2 – via Academia.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 167 Species in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, California, Hawaii, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands". Federal Register. 2022-05-10. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  34. ^ a b "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 100 Species in American Sāmoa, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington". Federal Register. 2024-03-20. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  35. ^ "Fragile Tree Snail - Samoana fragilis". IUCN Red List. 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  36. ^ "Fat Guam Partula - Partula gibba". IUCN Red List. 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  37. ^ "Guam Tree Snail - Partula radiolata". IUCN Red List. 2024. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  38. ^ "Serianthes nelsonii". IUCN Red List. 2017. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  39. ^ "Osmoxylon mariannense". IUCN Red List. 1998. Retrieved 2024-09-04.
  40. ^ "Fadan - Cycas micronesica". IUCN Red List. 2022. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  41. ^ "Pterocarpus indicus". IUCN Red List. 2018. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  42. ^ "Pterocarpus indicus Willd. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  43. ^ Lorence, David H.; Wagner, Warren L.; Wood, Kenneth R.; Johnson, Gabriel (2020-12-04). "Pogostemon guamensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner (Lamiaceae), a new species from Guam, Mariana Islands". PhytoKeys (169): 61–73. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.169.58107. ISSN 1314-2003. PMC 7732819. PMID 33354139.
  44. ^ Deloso, Benjamin E.; Paulino, Charles A.; Cootes, Jim (2022). "A new species of Bulbophyllum(Orchidaceae) from the Mariana Islands of Guam und Rota". OrchideenJournal. 2: 55–56.
  45. ^ "Hawksbill Turtle - Eretmochelys imbricata". IUCN Red List. 2008. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  46. ^ "Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  47. ^ "Oceanic Whitetip Shark - Carcharhinus longimanus". IUCN Red List. 2019. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  48. ^ "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Green Sea Turtle | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". www.fws.gov. 2023-07-19. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  49. ^ "Pelagic Thresher - Alopias pelagicus". IUCN Red List. 2019. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  50. ^ "Basking Shark - Cetorhinus maximus". IUCN Red List. 2021. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  51. ^ "Sharptooth Lemon Shark - Negaprion acutidens". IUCN Red List. 2021. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  52. ^ "Grey Reef Shark - Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos". IUCN Red List. 2020. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  53. ^ "Longfin Mako - Isurus paucus". IUCN Red List. 2019. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  54. ^ "Oceanic Manta Ray - Mobula birostris". IUCN Red List. 2022. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  55. ^ "Shorthorned Pygmy Devil Ray - Mobula kuhlii". IUCN Red List. 2022. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  56. ^ "Sicklefin Devil Ray - Mobula tarapacana". IUCN Red List. 2022. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  57. ^ "Longhorned Pygmy Devil Ray - Mobula eregoodoo". IUCN Red List. 2022. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  58. ^ "Black Teatfish - Holothuria nobilis". IUCN Red List. 2013. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  59. ^ "Pineapple Sea Cucumber - Thelenota ananas". IUCN Red List. 2013. Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  60. ^ "Porites eridan". IUCN Red List. 2014. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
  61. ^ "Tinian Monarch (old world flycatcher) (Monarcha takatsukasae)". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.riteme.site/w/index.php?title=Draft:List_of_Threatened,_Endangered_and_Extinct_species_in_the_Mariana_Islands&oldid=1244500103"