Draft:ICOS ligand
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Last edited by Citation bot (talk | contribs) 10 days ago. (Update) |
| Inducible T-cell CO-Stimulator Ligand (ICOS-L) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | ICOSLG | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF07686 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0159 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR013162 | ||||||||
| SMART | SM00262 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PS01216 | ||||||||
| SCOP2 | 1cdp / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 190 | ||||||||
| CDD | cd16052 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Inducible T-cell CO-Stimulator Ligand (ICOS-L), also known as B7-H2 or CD275, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICOSLG gene. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the activation and differentiation of T cells.[1]
Function
[edit]ICOS-L is a member of the B7 family of co-stimulatory molecules, expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It binds to the ICOS receptor on T cells, playing a critical role in their activation, survival, and function. This interaction is essential for the formation of germinal centers, which are crucial for the production of high-affinity antibodies.[2]
Expression
[edit]ICOS-L is widely expressed not only on APCs but also on non-immune cells such as epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and keratinocytes. The expression of ICOS-L can be upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, making it a key player in chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases.[3]
Clinical Significance
[edit]Dysregulation of the ICOS-ICOS-L pathway is associated with various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA, the ICOS/ICOS-L interaction contributes to the activation of autoreactive T cells and the production of inflammatory cytokines, exacerbating the disease. Therapeutic targeting of this pathway, such as with ICOS-L blocking antibodies, has shown potential in reducing disease severity by modulating immune responses.[4][5]
References
[edit]- ^ Smith KM (2006). "ICOS Ligand (B7-H2) as a potential therapeutic target for immune disorders". Journal of Immunology. 176 (1): 18–26. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.18 (inactive 2024-09-02).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (link) - ^ Greenwald RJ (2005). "The B7 family revisited". Annual Review of Immunology. 23: 515–548. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115611. PMID 15771580.
- ^ Iwai Y (2020). "Involvement of the ICOS pathway in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases". Frontiers in Immunology. 10: 456. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00456. PMC 7137904. PMID 32296418.
- ^ Qi H (2019). "T-cell help in germinal centers controlled by ICOSL-ICOS co-stimulation". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 18: 801–816. doi:10.1038/s41573-019-0032-6 (inactive 2024-09-02).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (link) - ^ Hansson GK (2020). "ICOSL blockade as a therapeutic strategy in autoimmunity". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 19 (3): 112–123. doi:10.1038/s41573-020-00030-5 (inactive 2024-09-02).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (link)