Draft:Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830

Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830
Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830
Artist	Gustaaf Wappers
Year	1835
Medium	Oil on canvas
Subject	Belgian Revolution
Dimensions	444 cm × 660 cm (175 in × 260 in)
Location	Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
Accession	2692

Episode of the Belgian revolution of 1830^[a] is an oil painting by Belgian artist Gustaaf Wappers,^[b] completed in 1835. It is a romantic depiction of the moment when the Belgian Declaration of Independence was read to the people of Brussels during the Belgian Revolution. The work is currently located in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium in the City of Brussels, Belgium.

Background

Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the territory of the then Southern Netherlands was ceded from the remains of the First French Empire to form part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Inspired by Liberalism, Catholic anti-Protestantism, recent food crises, and Francophone interests, the people of the then Southern Netherlands engaged in open revolt in August 1830, eventually declaring independence in October of that same year and establishing the Kingdom of Belgium in 1831.^[1]

Gustaaf Wappers (1803 – 1874) was a Belgian professor at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Antwerp in 1833 who gained fame for his paintings of patriotic themes following the recent independence of Belgium, especially his Burgomaster van der Werff in 1830.^[2]^[3]^[4] Patriotism for the incipient country was a major theme of the contemporary Romantic art movement, which led to several paintings focusing on scenes from the history of Belgium and the glorification of the Belgian revolutionaries.^[5]

Composition

During the 19th century, the Belgian government began a program of producing artworks, literature, symbols, and rituals which would solidify the new state.^[6] Therefore, between 1834 and 1835, Wappers was commissioned by the government to create Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830 in order to extol the Belgian past.^[6]^[7]^[8]

The oil painting depicts an imaginary moment in September 1830 during the revolution. People of various social classes are shown as united in the resistance against the Dutch, positioned in a pyramidal shape. At the top, a man holding the anachronistic 1831 Belgian tricolor with vertical stripes can be seen, however the stripes of the flag were actually horizontal during the revolution.^[9]

Provenance

In september 1835, tijdens de zogenaamde september-herdenkingen, werd Wappers schilderij in het Museum van Brussel aan het publiek getoond. Het wordt gepresenteerd als het symbool van de nieuwe identiteit van het jonge koninkrijk. Het publiek en de pers reageerden opgetogen. Het werk werd aangehaald in toespraken en gedichten en er werd een herdenkingsmunt geslagen met het Tafereel erop. Al snel werden er ook litho's naar het werk gedrukt, die de weg vonden naar talloze huiskamers.

Na de herdenkingsplechtigheden in september 1835 kwam het werk enige tijd te hangen in de Augustijnenkerk, om vervolgens een rondreis te maken langs talloze tentoonstellingen in Belgische en Europese steden. Vanaf 1877 kreeg het werk zijn definitieve plek in het Brussels Museum, waar het thans nog steeds te zien is.

Interpretation and legacy

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Notes

^ Dutch: Tafereel van de Septemberdagen 1830 op de Grote Markt te Brussel, lit. 'Scene of the days of September 1830 on the Grand Market of Brussels'; French: Épisode des Journées de Septembre 1830 sur la place de l'Hôtel de ville de Bruxelles, lit. 'Episode of the days of September 1830 on the place of the Brussels Town Hall'; also known as Episode During the Belgian Revolution of 1830, Episode from the Belgian Revolution of 1830, Episode from the Four Days of 1830, or Episode of the September Revolution of 1830
^ Also spelled Gustaf Wappers or Gustave Wappers

References

^ Cook, Bernard A. (2008). "Belgium.". In Stearns, Peter N. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195341126.
^ Vanthemsche, Guy; Peuter, Roger De (2023-03-23). A Concise History of Belgium. Cambridge University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-1-009-32726-8.
^ Chilvers, Ian (2015). "Wappers, Gustaf". In Chilvers, Ian (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191782763. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
^ Norman, Geraldine, ed. (1977-12-31). "Wappers". Nineteenth Century Painters and Painting: A Dictionary. University of California Press. doi:10.1525/9780520326682. JSTOR jj.8306185. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
^ Howe, Jeffrey. "19th Century Painting: Gustave Wappers (1807-1874): Belgian Romantic". Bc.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
^ ^a ^b John, Simon (2023). Medievalism in Nineteenth-century Belgium: The 1848 Monument to Godfrey of Bouillon. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 21–23. ISBN 978-1-78327-763-6.
^ Deprez, Kas; Vos, Louis (2016-07-27). Nationalism in Belgium: Shifting Identities, 1780-1995. Springer. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-349-26868-9.
^ Blom, J. C. H.; Lamberts, E. (2006). History of the Low Countries. Berghahn Books. p. 334. ISBN 978-1-84545-272-8.
^ Febbraro, Flavio; Shwetje, Burkhard (2010-10-01). How To Read World History in Art: From the Code of Hammurabit to September 11. Ludion. pp. 262–263. ISBN 978-0-8109-9683-0.

Bibliography

Marechal, Dominique; Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique; ING Belgique SA; Musée Antoine Wiertz, eds. (2005). De romantiek in België: tussen werkelijkheid, herinnering en verlangen ; [naar anleiding van de Tentoonstelling Romantiek in België in het kader van de 175ste verjaardag van België, Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van België, Brussel, ING Cultuurcentrum, Brussel, Antoine Wiertzmuseum, Brussel, 18 maart - 31 juli 2005]. Brussel: Uitg. Lannoo. ISBN 978-90-209-6136-2. blz. 52-63
Vanthemsche, Guy; Peuter, Roger De (2023-03-23). A Concise History of Belgium. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-009-32726-8.

External links

The painting on the website of the Royal Museum of Fine Arts (Dutch)
Analysis on dewitteraaf.be (Dutch)

[1] Dutch: Tafereel van de Septemberdagen 1830 op de Grote Markt te Brussel, lit. 'Scene of the days of September 1830 on the Grand Market of Brussels'; French: Épisode des Journées de Septembre 1830 sur la place de l'Hôtel de ville de Bruxelles, lit. 'Episode of the days of September 1830 on the place of the Brussels Town Hall'; also known as Episode During the Belgian Revolution of 1830, Episode from the Belgian Revolution of 1830, Episode from the Four Days of 1830, or Episode of the September Revolution of 1830

[2] Also spelled Gustaf Wappers or Gustave Wappers

[3] Cook, Bernard A. (2008). "Belgium.". In Stearns, Peter N. (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195341126.

[4] Vanthemsche, Guy; Peuter, Roger De (2023-03-23). A Concise History of Belgium. Cambridge University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-1-009-32726-8.

[5] Chilvers, Ian (2015). "Wappers, Gustaf". In Chilvers, Ian (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191782763. Retrieved 2024-07-27.

[6] Norman, Geraldine, ed. (1977-12-31). "Wappers". Nineteenth Century Painters and Painting: A Dictionary. University of California Press. doi:10.1525/9780520326682. JSTOR jj.8306185. Retrieved 2024-07-27.

[7] Howe, Jeffrey. "19th Century Painting: Gustave Wappers (1807-1874): Belgian Romantic". Bc.edu. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2024-07-27.

[:0-8] John, Simon (2023). Medievalism in Nineteenth-century Belgium: The 1848 Monument to Godfrey of Bouillon. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 21–23. ISBN 978-1-78327-763-6.

[9] Deprez, Kas; Vos, Louis (2016-07-27). Nationalism in Belgium: Shifting Identities, 1780-1995. Springer. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-349-26868-9.

[10] Blom, J. C. H.; Lamberts, E. (2006). History of the Low Countries. Berghahn Books. p. 334. ISBN 978-1-84545-272-8.

[11] Febbraro, Flavio; Shwetje, Burkhard (2010-10-01). How To Read World History in Art: From the Code of Hammurabit to September 11. Ludion. pp. 262–263. ISBN 978-0-8109-9683-0.

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