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Draft:Cimetière du Nord

Coordinates: 49°15′41.06″N 4°1′53.5″E / 49.2614056°N 4.031528°E / 49.2614056; 4.031528
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The content of this article is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr:Cimetière du Nord (Reims); see its history for attribution.


Cimetière du Nord
Map
Details
Established1787
Location
Reims
CountryFrance
Coordinates49°15′41.06″N 4°1′53.5″E / 49.2614056°N 4.031528°E / 49.2614056; 4.031528
Size23 hectares (57 acres)
No. of graves17,000

The Cimetière du Nord is a cemetery in the city of Reims, nicknamed the “Père-Lachaise of Reims”. Built at the end of the 18th century and inaugurated on 8 July 1787, it contains the remains of most of the citizens who distinguished themselves in the city. It is also one of the first necropolises in France to have been placed outside the city walls.

History

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The Cimetière du Nord, opened in 1787, is the oldest in the city. It gradually replaced the old parish cemeteries that have since disappeared. It was built at the request of the Hôtel-Dieu to replace the St-Denis cemetery, which was located in the heart of the city between the current cathedral and the Museum of Fine Arts.[1] The cemetery was constructed with the help of a public subscription, on a piece of land belonging to the Hôtel-Dieu[1]. A paved road was built for this purpose from the Porte de Mars (the city gate, not the Roman-era one) to the cemetery entrance.[2] The Reims locksmith Lecocq (who also made the Porte de Paris) created the entrance gate.[2]

At the end of the World War I.

The cemetery underwent several expansions. During the 1832-1833 expansion, architect Nicolas Serrurier had the idea to make it a landscaped parterre with winding paths and tree plantings.[3]

During World War I, the cemetery was severely damaged. Many tombstones still bear the marks of the destruction of 1914-1918.[4]

Currently, the cemetery is enclosed by the railway tracks, the boulevard, and the Rue du Champ-de-Mars. It is divided into 41 sections[5]. Certain plots are reserved for Jews and Protestants.[4] Since 2018, the Cimetière du Nord has been full[6]

Sainte-Croix Chapel of Reims.
Main article: Sainte-Croix Chapel of Reims.

The Chapelle Sainte-Croix, which received the body of Chevalier de Rougeville, known as the Chevalier de Maison-Rouge through the novel by Alexandre Dumas, was built according to the plans of the city's architect, Nicolas Serrurier. Completed in 1788, it was blessed a year later.[7] The chapel, round with a dome, features a peristyle with four Doric columns topped by a triangular pediment, resembling an ancient temple. It originally contained a black marble altar and a painted decor imitating funeral draperies, all illuminated only by a top oculus.[8] Damaged by the bombings during the war, it has been completely restored and rebuilt.[7]

The Chapelle Sainte-Croix has been classified as a historical monument since 15 November 1927[9].

Cemetery plan

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Map of the Northern Cemetery of Reims.

Graves

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Funerary architecture has, since antiquity, been given particular care in Reims. A number of monuments, works by Reims architects—chapels, sarcophagi, cippi, and steles—are notable for their design and execution, made of stone, marble, and granite.[10]

Drouet Comte d'Erlon in the center of a crossroads.
Grave of abbé Miroy.

Among them, the tomb of Abbé Miroy, illustrated by a beautiful reclining bronze statue by René de Saint-Marceaux, stands out. Abbé Miroy, parish priest of Cuchery, accused of incitement to armed resistance, was shot by the Prussians on 12 February 1871, after the armistice. His monument, erected by subscription, depicts him falling struck by enemy bullets, breathing his last breath as a just man. The sculptor captured the drama without exaggeration; this work already showed the great qualities that this artist continued to develop: elevation, keen observation, tasteful distinction, and rich coloration to animate the material. Since 2006, the original sculpture (removed to prevent theft) has been replaced by an exact replica.[11]

Marshal of France Jean-Baptiste Drouet d'Erlon, who died in Paris on 25 January 1844, was buried in the Cimetière du Nord. A bronze bust was placed on his tomb, which has since been stolen by vandals,[12] but the obelisk-shaped base remains visible in the historic center of the cemetery.[13]

The cemetery also holds the graves of Mrs. Veuve Clicquot and other individuals associated with champagne houses (Heidsieck, Krug, Lanson, Pommery, and Roederer[14]), most of the city's 19th-century mayors, General Marie Claude Bernard Verrier, Aubin Louis Hédouin de Malavois, Isaac Holden, Jacques Quentin Tronsson-Lecomte,Pol Gosset (doctor), among others.

  • Monument of the Clicquot-Ponsardin and de Chevigné families.
    Monument of the Clicquot-Ponsardin and de Chevigné families.
  • The Young Simonar.
    The Young Simonar.
  • Angel.
    Angel.
  • Grief (sculpture by Théodore Rivière).
    Grief (sculpture by Théodore Rivière).
  • On the path of life (by Paul de Saint-Marceaux).
    On the path of life (by Paul de Saint-Marceaux).
  • Monument of Adèle Fuzellier (detail).
    Monument of Adèle Fuzellier (detail).

The cemetery also contains several memorials:=== Column-generating template families ===

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A military section primarily includes those who died during the Great War: 306 soldiers and civilian victims are buried there.[15]

  • Medalists' monument.
    Medalists' monument.
  • Memorial to the dead of 1870-1871.
    Memorial to the dead of 1870-1871.
  • Memorial of the Battle of Reims.
    Memorial of the Battle of Reims.
  • Memorial to the founders of the Jewish community.
    Memorial to the founders of the Jewish community.
  • Military square.
    Military square.
  1. ^ a b Chauvin & Turbet 2018, p. 6.
  2. ^ a b Rocha 2015, p. 10.
  3. ^ Chauvin & Turbet 2018, p. 8.
  4. ^ a b Chauvin & Turbet 2018, p. 11.
  5. ^ General plan
  6. ^ "À Reims on peut se faire enterrer partout, sauf au cimetière du Nord". L'Union (in French). 15 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  7. ^ a b Chauvin & Turbet 2018, p. 12.
  8. ^ Rocha 2015, p. 14.
  9. ^ Base Mérimée: PA00078777, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
  10. ^ , Chauvin & Turbet 2018, p. 13.
  11. ^ Chauvin & Turbet 2018, p. 18.
  12. ^ Rocha 2015, p. 178.
  13. ^ Chauvin & Turbet 2018, p. 14.
  14. ^ "Cimetière du Nord". Reims-tourisme.com (in French). Retrieved 1 November 2019..
  15. ^ "Le cimetière du Nord". Reims.fr (in French). Retrieved 1 November 2019..


See also

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Bibliography

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