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Draft:China Railways DF9

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Dongfeng 9
东风9
DF9 0001 hauling a passenger train, 2008
Type and origin
Power typeDiesel-electric
BuilderQishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works
Build date1990-1991
Total produced2
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • UICCo′Co′
Gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
Length20,150 mm (66 ft 1 in)
Width3,288 mm (10 ft 9.4 in)
Height4,736 mm (15 ft 6.5 in)
Axle load23 t (51,000 lb)
Loco weight138 t (304,000 lb)
Fuel typeDiesel
Fuel capacity6,500 L (1,700 US gal)
Water cap.1,200 L (320 US gal)
Prime mover16V280ZJA
GeneratorTQFR-3000C-1
Traction motorsZD106
TransmissionElectric (AC/DC)
Performance figures
Maximum speed140 km/h (87 mph) (0001)
160 km/h (99 mph) (0002)
Power output3,040 kW (4,080 hp)
Tractive effort:
​
 • Starting245 kN (55,000 lbf)
 • Continuous179.1 kN (40,300 lbf) (0001)
161.3 kN (36,300 lbf) (0002)
Career
OperatorsChina China Railway
Scrapped2011

The DF9 (Chinese: 东风9) was the first Chinese semi-high-speed diesel locomotive with a top speed of 160 km/h (99.4 mph), which was successfully developed by Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works in 1990. As part of China's Eighth Five-Year Plan scientific and technological project, the DF9 diesel locomotive adopts wheel-to-hollow shaft traction motor full suspension drive system, high-flexibility second-series round springs, lightweight body and other technologies. Although the only two DF9s produced were scrapped in 2011, it laid the foundation for the development of DF11 diesel locomotives.[1][2]

History

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Background and development

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China Railway saw an increase in passenger traffic volumes on its trunk routes by the 1990s. It was decided to upgrade the main lines within the 1,500 km (930 mi) radius from Beijing to be upgraded to 140 km/h (87 mph) operation. To achieve the projected 15 hour journey time, a high-speed diesel locomotive was to be developed.[1][3] From May to June 1987, bids were submitted by Beijing Feb. 7th Locomotive Co. [zh], Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works, Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Ziyang Co., Ltd. and Qishuyan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works, with the latter being selected by the Ministry of Railways in July 1987 to construct the locomotives.[3]

DF9 0001 in Shenzhen railway station

In 1991, Qishuyan unveiled the DF9,[1] and in that February, number 0001 was allocated to Zhengzhou Locomotive Depot for a 30,000 km (19,000 mi) endurance trial between Zhengzhou and Wuchang on the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway.[4]

High-speed trials

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In the late 1980s, China Railway faced competition from other modes of transport, so they sought to increase train speeds. The Ministry of Railways first decided to upgrade the existing Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway to 160 km/h (99 mph) operation, in order to gain experience in developing high-speed railways.[5]

On 29 March 1992, DF9 0002, the second locomotive produced, was sent to the Beijing Ring Railway, where extreme wind conditions occurred before the tests. While the locomotive reached 160 km/h (99 mph) during trials, setting a new rail speed record in China,[6][2] one of its brake pipes failed due to the wind pressure of 600–800 kPa (87–116 psi). In the following 15 days, the DF9 conducted gradual acceleration tests, eventually being pushed to 170 km/h (110 mph) on another speed test.[2]

Service history

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DF9 in Guangzhou

Although the DF9, as an experimental class, was never put into serial production, Qishuyan would go on to develop the design into the DF11 in 1993.[1] In 2005, both DF9s were returned to Qishuyan for overhaul, where they would receive several modifications. These included a standardised oil and water piping arrangement, replacement of the original aluminum intercooler with a copper one, modified cabs with air-conditioning and ventilation, and other features present on the DF11s. After overhaul, both locomotives performed similarly to the DF11s.[7]

In the second half of 2010, DF9 0001 was placed into storage at Guangzhou Locomotive Depot, followed by 0002 in the same year. In December 2010, both locomotives were sold through online bidding, and were scrapped in May 2011.[2]

See also

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References

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ a b c d Su 2015, p. 184.
  2. ^ a b c d Me 2022.
  3. ^ a b Shao, Guangzu (1988). "鐵道部大功率客運內燃機車的研制招標 我廠中標" [The Ministry of Railways issued a tender for the development of high-power passenger diesel locomotives and our factory won the bid.]. 中国铁路 (in Chinese). Dalian: Dalian Diesel Locomotive Research Institute: 72+51. ISSN 1003-1820.
  4. ^ Shi, Baoshan (1994). "东风9型内燃机车" [Dongfeng 9 diesel locomotive]. 内燃机车 (in Chinese). Dalian: Dalian Diesel Locomotive Research Institute: 1–7. ISSN 1003-1820.
  5. ^ Gong, Shendi (1990). "铁道部通过广深线旅客列车最高时速160km的实施方案" [The Ministry of Railways has approved the implementation plan for the maximum speed of passenger trains on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen line to 160 km/h]. 内燃机车 (in Chinese). Beijing: Institute of Science and Technology Information of the Ministry of Railways. ISSN 1001-683X.
  6. ^ Yin, Jian (1992). "环行线160km／h准高速试验噪声测量简介" [Brief Introduction to Noise Measurement of 160km/h Quasi-High-Speed Test on Loop Line]. 科技情报动态 (in Chinese). Technical Center of the Fourth Railway Institute: 4–8.
  7. ^ Yu, Hongliu; Zhu, Chunyong; Jiang, Weiwei (2006). "DF9型内燃机车的改造" [Reconstruction of DF9 diesel locomotive]. 内燃机车 (in Chinese). 394 (12). Dalian: Dalian Locomotive Research Institute: 18–23. ISSN 1003-1820.

Bibliography

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