Draft:Breath Rate Variability
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Breath rate variability (BRV) is the variation in the time interval between breaths, similar to how heart rate variability (HRV) measures the variation in the time interval between heartbeats..[1] As HRV measures how good a heart is, BRV measures how good a mental state is. BRV is an emerging metric in respiratory and overall health analysis, offering insights into the autonomic nervous system, stress levels, and overall physiological and psychological state.
Heart rate (HR) and pulse rate (PR) are involuntary parameters while breath rate is both voluntary and involuntary. How much of the Breath Rate or Respiratory rate (BR) is voluntarily controlled and involuntarily controlled could be altered with simple practice such as meditation.[2]
Physiology
[edit]BRV measures the fluctuations in the respiratory cycle, including the length of inhalation and exhalation and the pauses between breaths. Just as HRV reflects the body's ability to adapt to changing conditions and stressors, BRV can indicate respiratory health, autonomic regulation, and emotional and physical well-being.
Significance
[edit]- Autonomic nervous system (ANS) Function:
The ANS controls involuntary bodily functions, including respiration. Variations in breath rate can reflect the balance between the sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest) branches of the ANS.
Stress and relaxation
[edit]Higher BRV is often associated with relaxation and a balanced ANS, while lower BRV may indicate stress or a dominance of the sympathetic nervous system.
Respiratory health
[edit]BRV can provide insights into respiratory efficiency and potential issues, and sleep.[3] For example, lower variability might be seen in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma.
Mental and emotional states
[edit]Emotions like anxiety, fear, and relaxation can significantly impact breathing patterns. Monitoring BRV can offer a non-invasive way to gauge emotional and mental states[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Shaffer, F., & Ginsberg, J. P. (2017). An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Frontiers in Public Health, 5, 258.
- ^ Soni, R., & Muniyandi, M. (2019). Breath Rate Variability: A Novel Measure to Study the Meditation Effects. International Journal of Yoga, 12(1), 45-54. doi: 10.4103/ijoy.IJOY_27_17 PMCID: PMC6329220 PMID: 30692783. Available at: [1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6329220/)
- ^ de Zambotti, M., Trinder, J., Silvani, A., Colrain, I. M., & Baker, F. C. (2018). Dynamic coupling between the central and autonomic nervous systems during sleep: a review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 90, 84-103.
- ^ Linares Gutiérrez D, Schmidt S, Meissner K, Wittmann M. Changes in Subjective Time and Self during Meditation. Biology. 2022; 11(8):1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11081116