Draft:Azerbaijan-South Korea relations

Azerbaijan-South Korea relations

Azerbaijan	South Korea
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Azerbaijan, Seoul	Embassy of South Korea, Baku
Envoy
Ambassador of Azerbaijan to South Korea Ramin Hasanov	Ambassador of South Korea to Azerbaijan Lee Eun-yong

Azerbaijan–South Korea relations (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan–Cənubi Koreya münasibətləri; Korean: 아제르바이잔–대한민국 관계) refers to the diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Korea. The two nations share a history of forging partnerships in the post-Soviet era, with formal diplomatic ties established in 1992 following Azerbaijan’s independence in 1991.

History

The history of Azerbaijani-Korean relations is relatively recent, with formal diplomatic ties established after Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union. Although there were no direct historical interactions between the two countries before the 20th century, the modern relationship has been shaped by both nations' developments in the post-Soviet and post-colonial eras.

Soviet era and Korean war period

During the Soviet period, Azerbaijan was incorporated to the Soviet Union, and its foreign relations, like those of other republics, had been run by Moscow. As a result, there are no direct diplomatic or trade relations between Azerbaijan and Korea. For its part, Korea faced its own challenges, as it remained under Japanese colonial rule until 1945 before being split into North and South after World War II. Though Azerbaijan, a part of the Soviet Union during the Korean War (1950–1953), was indirectly involved, no specific ties between Azerbaijan and Korea were formed at that time.

Independence of Azerbaijan and establishment of relations

Following the declaration of independence of Azerbaijan in 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Republic of Korea officially recognized the sovereignty of Azerbaijan. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on March 23, 1992. These relations were built upon mutual interests in political and economic cooperation, especially regarding energy, technology, and infrastructure development.

Despite the geographic distance, Azerbaijan and South Korea have developed a multifaceted relationship characterized by diplomatic, economic, and cultural cooperation. The establishment of formal relations between the two countries in 1992 laid the foundation for further development of ties. However, critical milestones in the 2000s finally cemented their partnership, especially with the opening of the Korean embassy in Baku on 4 March 2006 and the establishment of the Azerbaijani embassy in Seoul on 14 March 2007. Moreover, political relations between the two states were boosted by high-level mutual visits. These events not only brought the sides closer in their bilateral relations but also opened new stages of cooperation in different fields.

Expansion of bilateral relations (2007-present)

Ilham Aliyev accepting the credentials of Choi Suk-inn, the former ambassador of South Korea to Azerbaijan.

Good relations have been established between the legislative bodies of Azerbaijan and South Korea, with many mutual visits taking place within the years. Friendship groups are active in the parliaments of both countries, promoting closer ties and functional cooperation. Overall, the activity of these groups provided for a meaningful political dialogue between the two states and further effective collaboration within different international formats, including the Meeting of Speakers of Eurasian Countries' Parliaments and the International Conference of Asian Political Parties.

The political relations between Azerbaijan and South Korea are dynamic. On the one hand, there are multi-level interactions between both countries through diplomatic channels, which reflect the depth and diversity of their cooperation. The scope and content of this relationship in the South Caucasus and the Korean peninsula regions are very extensive, and the diplomatic activity between the two states is rather active in a number of sectors.

Trade and partnership

South Korea's technological expertise and industrial capabilities had become beneficial in Azerbaijan's further efforts toward the modernization of the economy, especially in energy. South Korean companies in construction and electronic industries began to operate in Azerbaijan. Rich oil and gas resources of Azerbaijan attracted the interest of South Korean investments.

The "New Northern Policy" further facilitated South Korea’s increasing involvement in Azerbaijan's modernization efforts, particularly in the energy and infrastructure sectors. South Korean expertise in construction, engineering, and technology proved valuable in Azerbaijan's pursuit of economic diversification and development. South Korean companies, such as Hyundai Engineering & Construction and Samsung Engineering were involved in large-scale projects, including the development of energy infrastructure.

In 2013, Samsung won a major contract in Azerbaijan, the first big contract in the country. The South Korean company was to build a fertilizer plant in Sumgayit, located near the capital, Baku. The plant would produce ammonia and urea, with daily outputs of 1,200 tons of ammonia and 2,000 tons of urea for both domestic use and export. It was another feather in the cap for Samsung, given that the $630-million contract reflected its plan to push into former Soviet republics. The job was set to be completed by 2016 and had been heralded as an important step in the company's ambitions to expand its operations in the region.

Korean car market expansion

Over the years, Hyundai and Kia have been steadily taking more and more leading positions in the Azerbaijani market. The reliability, affordability, and quality of both brands were considered quite appealing to consumers of the country. In fact, over time, Hyundai and Kia models have become highly sought after in the mid-segment and compact car class. This is due, of course, to their affordability, strong models, and generally high demand for newer automobiles within Azerbaijan.

For instance, Kia has enjoyed great success with the likes of the Kia Sportage, which has always been one of the highest-selling cars in the country. Hyundai has also left its mark by offering a range of models that fit well into the Azerbaijani consumer's taste, such as its Sonata & Elantra (Avante) models.

Ecological cooperation

Caspian Agro 2024

On May 15, 2024, H.E. Ambassador Lee Eun-yong attended the opening ceremony of Caspian Agro 2024, the regionally significant agricultural exhibition organized in Baku Expo Center, Azerbaijan. Organized from May 15 to 17, the exhibition showed off technologies and novelties in agriculture within the frames of structural changes in diversified economy development of Azerbaijan.

Ambassador Lee visited the exhibition booths of several Korean companies, including Baramgaebi Co., Ltd., a manufacturer of fruit and persimmon peeling machines, and Dain Industry, which specializes in agricultural materials for tree care. These companies were part of South Korea's contribution to the exhibition, reflecting the country's advanced agricultural technologies.

In addition, two companies from Korea that are collaborating with Azerbaijan's Agricultural and Winemaking Research Institutes were Infro and Wibiz. Infro is focused on deep learning biometric systems and video behavioral analysis systems, while Wibiz specializes in smart irrigation management systems.

The Ambassador further expressed confidence that the most modern agricultural products and technologies presented by Korea would contribute to strengthening agricultural cooperation between the two countries. He also highly valued the role of Korean companies participating in the exhibition and their contribution to the development of Azerbaijan's agricultural sector.

He was accompanied by the key Azerbaijani figures, such as Minister of Agriculture Majnun Mammadov, Chairman of the Food Safety Agency Goshgar Tahmazli, and Chairman of KOBİA Orkhan Mammadov. They paid visits to other country pavilions at the exhibition and further promoted cooperation and knowledge exchange in the agricultural field.

COP29

The 29th United Nations Conference of the Parties on Climate Change, COP29, held in Azerbaijan, became a platform for the extension of South Korea's diplomatic and ecological cooperation with Azerbaijan. During the conference, South Korean diplomats and leaders actively participated in sharing their climate strategies and encouraging discussion on global climate action.

World leaders climate action summit at COP29.

On November 10, 2024, Ambassador Lee Eun-yong hosted a dinner for Han Hwa-Jin, Co-Chair of South Korea's Presidential Commission on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth. Co-Chair Han shared the commission's vision and policy direction, emphasizing the importance of international collaboration to achieve South Korea's carbon neutrality goals. Ambassador Lee reiterated his commitment to advancing cooperation between South Korea and Azerbaijan, particularly in the areas of sustainable green growth and energy transition.

The following day, on November 11, 2024, Ambassador Lee hosted a welcome dinner for Cho Hong-sik, the Special Envoy of the President of South Korea. Special Envoy Cho stressed the need for multilateral cooperation in addressing the global climate crisis and highlighted South Korea's leadership in the climate and environmental spheres. He introduced key policy initiatives on carbon neutrality and green growth, which South Korea planned to present at COP29. Ambassador Lee expressed confidence that South Korea’s climate policies would become central topics at the conference and reaffirmed his commitment to enhancing regional climate governance through stronger cooperation with Azerbaijan.

Among the guests Ambassador Lee received was also Lee Kang-deok, Mayor of Pohang, and Ruhangiz Heydarova, Chairperson of the Korea-Azerbaijan Cultural Exchange Association, on November 14, 2024. Mayor Lee talked about Pohang's contributions to climate change mitigation, especially by eco-friendly technologies, and expressed his desire to further expand city-to-city cooperation with local governments of Azerbaijan. Ambassador Lee emphasized the importance of taking climate action by both national and local governments and promised to further strengthen bilateral efforts on climate change.

Later, on November 20, 2024, Ambassador Lee hosted a dinner for Kim Wan-seob, the Minister of Environment of South Korea, who shared his insights from COP29, including South Korea's proposed carbon neutrality and green growth policies. Minister Kim underlined that South Korea's technologies and policy initiatives are in the spotlight in major side events during COP29. Ambassador Lee welcomed these developments and reiterated South Korea's commitment to leading global efforts in sustainable development and climate governance.

The South Korean National Assembly delegation, headed by Representative Na Kyung-won, also took part in COP29. During the visit, the delegation discussed the important role of the legislature in the implementation of the Paris Agreement and in dealing with climate change. Ambassador Lee fully supported the role of the National Assembly and promised to expand cooperation in the areas of response to climate change and the green energy sector.

Cultural exchanges

Cultural exchanges between South Korea and Azerbaijan have grown significantly in recent years, creating opportunities for both nations to share and celebrate their respective cultural traditions. A prominent example of this exchange is the mutual participation in performing each other's traditional dances, which fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of their heritage.

In Azerbaijan, Korean traditional dance performances have been welcomed at various cultural events. These performances are often organized by institutions like the Korea-Azerbaijan Cultural Exchange Association (SEBA), which helps promote cultural diplomacy. Korean artists showcase traditional dances such as the Fan Dance (Buchaechum) and Ganggangsullae, which feature intricate costumes, rhythmic movements, and cultural symbolism.

In return, Azerbaijan shares its vibrant folk traditions with Korea, offering performances of Azerbaijani dances like Lezginka and Yalli. These dances highlight the energetic footwork and graceful movements of Azerbaijani folk traditions, often accompanied by live music from traditional instruments such as the tar and kamancha.

Cultural events, including festivals, exhibitions, and performances, are often organized by both Korean and Azerbaijani institutions, facilitating the sharing of traditional culinary arts, music, and folklore. These events not only provide entertainment but also offer educational programs where students and artists from both countries can participate in workshops and joint projects. This encourages deeper learning and fosters greater mutual understanding between the two cultures. Korean popular music in particular (K-pop), gained traction in Azerbaijan recently, with the emergence of reknown Korean artists such as BTS, Blackpink, Seventeen and more.