Dr. Young's Ideal Rectal Dilators
Dr. Young's Ideal Rectal Dilators were medical devices sold in the United States from the late nineteenth century until at least the 1940s, part of the burgeoning market for patent and proprietary medicines and devices at the time.[1] They came in sets of four "torpedolike" [2] hard rubber[3] (later, plastic) instruments varying in diameter from 1⁄2 inch (12.7 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm) and in length from 3 to 4 inches (76.2 to 101.6 mm),[4] and according to a retrospective article in The American Journal of Gastroenterology, were no different from modern rectal dilators.[5]
Early claims and criticism
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An 1893 Medical News editorial noted that "Dr. Young" himself, writing in another journal of which he was the editor, praised rectal dilation as a cure for insanity, claiming that at least "three-fourths of all the howling maniacs of the world" were curable "in a few weeks' time by the application of orificial methods". The Medical News asked,
Why, then, in the name of pity and kindness, do these men not apply the dilators each to himself or to each other? We very much fear all this imbecility may rest upon a semi-pathologic basis, and that Krafft-Ebing may have a new chapter to write concerning sodomic perversion in his work upon sexual psychopathy. [6]
A 1905 advertisement by F. E. Young and Co. of Chicago promised that "The best results may be obtained by the use of Young's self-retaining rectal dilators", the use of which "accomplishes for the invalid just what nature does daily for the healthy individual". Doctors were advised that "If you will prescribe a set of these dilators in some of your obstinate cases of Chronic Constipation you will find them necessary in every case of this kind". The price of a set "to the profession" was $2.50 (equivalent to $80 in 2023).[3]
Young admitted that some patients panicked at the sight of the devices.[7]
Condemnation by Food and Drug Administration
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In 1940 the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York seized a shipment of the devices as misbranded. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's subsequent Drugs and Devices Court Case Notice of Judgment[8] (captioned "U.S. v. 67 Sets of Dr. Young's Rectal Dilators and 83 Packages of Dr. Young's Piloment") the product's labeling claimed it corrected constipation, promoted more refreshing sleep, and could relieve foul breath, bad taste in the mouth, sallow skin, acne, anemia, lassitude, mental hebetude, insomnia, anorexia, headaches, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, flatulence, indigestion, nervousness, irritability, cold extremities, and numerous other ailments. The instructions warned, "Do not neglect to use your Dilators ... It is advisable to use [them] occasionally as a precautionary measure. You need have no fear of using them too much."
The devices were held to be "dangerous to health when used with the frequency and duration prescribed, recommended or suggested in the labeling", and the shipment was ordered to be destroyed.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Daniel Carpenter (April 24, 2014). Reputation and Power: Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA: Organizational Image and Pharmaceutical Regulation at the FDA. Princeton University Press. pp. 77–8. ISBN 978-1-4008-3511-9.
- ^ Cabrera, Luis (September 3, 2000). "Book Explores History of Constipation". The Columbian. Associated Press. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015.
- ^ a b Advertisement, Detroit Medical Journal, August 1905.
- ^ a b "Misbranding of Dr. Young's Rectal Dilators and Dr. Young's Piloment. U. S. v. 67 Sets of Dr. Young's Rectal Dilators and 83 Packages of Dr. Young's Piloment. Default decrees of condemnation and destruction" (PDF), Drugs and Devices Court Case Notice of Judgment, March 1942, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-03-06, retrieved 2015-03-20. [1]
- ^ Kravetz, Robert (2001). "A look back. Rectal dilators". The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 96 (9): 2768. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04115.x. PMID 11569709. S2CID 11712891.
- ^ Editorial Comments. The New Way. Medical News. Philadelphia: Henry C. Lea's Son & Company. April 29, 1893. p. 471.
- ^ James C. Whorton (2000). Inner Hygiene: Constipation and the Pursuit of Health in Modern Society. Oxford University Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-19-513581-7.
- ^ "Southern District of New York | Press Releases | United States Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. 2015-03-19. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
External links
[edit]- "Dr. Young's Rectal Dilators". thequackdoctor.com. 2 November 2009.
- US Design Patent 21,551 "Design for a rectal dilator" (Frank E. Young, inventor)
- F. E. Young, ed. (September 1893). The New Way: A Monthly Journal Devoted to the Rational Treatment of Chronic Diseases. Vol. I.