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Directorate General of Higher Education

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Directorate General of Higher Education
Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi
Agency overview
FormedAugust 1, 1966 (1966-08-01) (first iteration)
April 17, 1975 (1975-04-17) (second iteration)
December 18, 2019 (2019-12-18) (current iteration)
Preceding agencies
  • First iteration:
    Department of Higher Education
  • Second iteration:
    Directorate General of Education
  • Third iteration:
    Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education
DissolvedApril 28, 1969 (1969-04-28) (first iteration)
January 23, 2015 (2015-01-23) (second iteration)
Superseding agencies
  • First iteration:
    Directorate General of Education
  • Second iteration:
    Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education
HeadquartersSenayan, Jakarta, Indonesia
6°13′25″S 106°48′07″E / 6.2237280265662855°S 106.80203190002442°E / -6.2237280265662855; 106.80203190002442
Employees110,378 (2020)[a]
Annual budgetRp 7,000,000,000,000 (2024)[2]
Agency executives
  • Khairul Munadi, Director General
  • Tjitjik Sri Tjahjandarie, Acting Secretary
  • Sri Suning Kusumawardani, Director of Learning and Student Affairs
  • vacant, Director of Institutional Affairs
  • Lukman, Director of Resources
Parent agencyMinistry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology
Footnotes
  1. ^ Consists of 286 employees working at the directorate general and 110.092 employees working as permanent academic staff in public universities.[1]

The Directorate General of Higher Education (Indonesian: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi) is a directorate general under the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology. Originally established in 1966, the directorate general has undergone several disestablishments and reorganizations, with the current iteration being established on 18 December 2019. The directorate general is responsible for the management and supervision of universities, institutes, polytechnic, and academies in Indonesia.

History

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Pre-establishment

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Since the independence of Indonesia in 1945, higher education has been administered by the higher education bureau (Indonesian: Biro Perguruan Tinggi) inside the Ministry (later renamed to Department) of Education and Culture. The status of the bureau was upgraded as the higher education service (Indonesian: Djawatan Perguruan Tinggi), and later as the bureau for higher education coordination (Indonesian: Biro Koordinasi Perguruan Tinggi).[3] The latter existed for the most of 1950s and was responsible in enrolling former student soldiers who fought in the Indonesian National Revolution to universities and managing foreign scholarships.[4] The coordination bureau was chaired by Soegiono Djoened Poesponegoro, who was the dean of the medicine faculty of the Hasanuddin University.[5]

Due to its status in the Ministry of Education and Culture, the higher education bureau had to compete with other, larger bureau for funding. The lack of funding made rectors and heads of universities felt neglected, and they proposed the higher education bureau to be upgraded to a department under a minister. This notion was supported by the chief of the national planning council, Mohammad Yamin, who proposed the education and culture department to be split into three departments: Department of Basic Education, Department of Higher Education, and Department of Culture. However, the minister of education and culture Prijono was strongly against this notion, as he considered that Indonesia's multiparty nature could result in differing interpretations of government policies.[6]

The bargaining power of the rectors and heads of universities increased as the number of private and public universities in Indonesia grow in number over the half decade of 1955 to 1960. The Department of Higher Education was established on 14 April 1961, with its first minister appointed a month prior.[7] The new department is responsible for regulating, organizing, guiding, and supervising all higher education institutions. The bureau for higher education coordination was placed under the department as the directorate for higher education. The directorate consist of four sections: higher education development, student affairs, foreign higher education, and administration.[8] The department underwent another reorganization in the Second Revised Dwikora Cabinet, with the higher education established as its own department headed by a deputy minister. Similar to the pre-1961 organization, the department was placed under the ministry of education and culture.[9]

First iteration (1966-1969)

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The Ampera Cabinet, the first cabinet under the direct control of President Suharto, reorganized the structure of the cabinet. Ministries were renamed to department, while the department that were previously under the ministries were renamed to directorate general. The directorate general of higher education (Indonesian: Direktorat Jenderal Perguruan Tinggi) was formally established along with the directorate general in other ministries on 1 August 1966. Mashuri Saleh, who was previously the deputy minister for higher education, was named as the director general.[10][9]

The Decree of the Cabinet Presidium No. 15 of 1966, dated 3 November 1966, established the organization of the directorate general. The directorate general consists of a secretariat and five directorates:[11]

  1. Secretariat of the Directorate General: consists of the general, relations with state institutions/functional, public relations, legal, and supervision section
  2. Directorate of Higher Education: consists of the curriculum development, research, teaching equipment, private and civil service college, and diploma assesment service
  3. Directorate of Community Service: consists of the higher education community service, seminar and conference, foreign relations, and productive projects service
  4. Directorate of Development: consists of the general, finance, equipment, construction, and planning, statistics, and documentation service
  5. Directorate of Higher Education Personnel: consists of the educative personnel, administrative personnel, personnel development, personnel placement, and personnel welfare service
  6. Directorate of Student Affairs: consists of the organization, student welfare, student community service, and the technical and mandatory exercise service

The directorate general at that time was responsible, among other things, for the political screening of students who were involved in the 30 September Movement or affiliated with the banned Communist Party of Indonesia.[12]

In June 1968, the Director General of Higher Education Mashuri Saleh was named as the Minister of Education and Culture. Several months later, on 28 April 1969 President Suharto issued a decree that merged the Directorate General of Basic Education and the Directorate General of Higher Education into the Directorate General of Education.[13]

Second iteration (1975-2014)

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From 1969 to 1975, the higher education portofolio existed as a directorate under the Directorate General of Education. In 1974, the Director General of Education Makaminan Makagiansar prepared plans to split the directorate general into two again: the directorate general of higher education and the directorate general of basic and secondary education. Unlike the previous directorate general, which only supervises universities and other higher education institutions, the second iteration of the directorate general was also tasked to develop the national higher education system.[14] Makagiansar was appointed as the director general of higher education in late 1974,[14] and the establishment of the Directorate General of Higher Education (Indonesian: Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi) was formalized with the Minister of Education and Culture Decree No. 79 of 1975, dated 17 April 1975.[15] The new directorate general consists of a secretariat and four directorate: academic facilities development, research and community service development, student affairs, and private higher education. All of the directors were appointed by Makagiansar, while the Minister of Education and Culture appointed the secretary and the director for student affairs.[14]

The directorate general continued to exist until 2014, when it was merged with the Ministry of Research and Technology to form the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education by President Joko Widodo.[16] The directorate general continued to exist under the ministry until its reorganization in early 2015. The Presidential Decree No. 13 of 2015, dated 23 January 2015, formally split the directorate general into three different directorate general under the ministry:[17] the directorate general of learning and student affairs; science, technology, and higher education institution; science, technology, and higher education resources.[18]

Third iteration (2019-now)

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During Joko Widodo's second term, the three directorate generals that formed the Directorate General of Higher Education were placed under the administration of the Ministry of Education and Culture on 24 October 2019. The three directorate general were re-merged to form the Directorate General of Higher Education on 18 December 2019.[18][19] Nizam, the dean of Gadjah Mada University's engineering faculty, was named as the acting director general on 20 January and assumed the position permanently on 21 July.[20] The directorate general responsibilities include the management and supervision of higher education institution, as well as issuing permits for private higher education institutions.[18] At the time of its formation, the directorate general consisted of a secretariat and three directorate: learning and student affairs; institutional affairs; resources.[21]

The directorate general underwent a name change on 16 July 2021, when the Ministry of Research and Technology was merged with the Ministry of Education and Culture to form the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Higher Education. The Directorate General of Higher Education was renamed into the Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology.[22] According to the president, the renamed directorate general would be responsible for scientific research, while the development of research, innovation and applied technology would be the responsibility of the National Research and Innovation Agency, which is now under an independent agency reporting directly to the president.[23] The renaming resulted in the addition of the directorate of research, technology, and community service into the directorate general.[24]

The directorate general was renamed again to the Directorate General of Higher Education with the establishment of the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education.[25] The directorate of research, technology, and community service was re-established as two separate directorate general, and the directorate general is also responsible for vocational higher education, which was previously under the jurisdiction of the now-dissolved Directorate General of Vocational Affairs.[26]

Organization

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The current organization of the directorate general is established by the Decree of the Minister of Higher Education, Science, and Technology, dated 31 December 2024. The directorate general consists of a secretariat and three directorates.[27]

  • Secretariat of the Directorate General of Higher Education:
    • Program and Reporting Section
    • Financial and General Section
  • Directorate of Learning and Student Affairs
    • Subdirectorate of Quality Control
    • Administration Subsection
  • Directorate of Institutional Affairs
    • Subdirectorate of Development and Management of Higher Education Institution
    • Administration Subsection
  • Directorate of Resources
    • Subdirectorate of Academic and Educational Staff Management
    • Subdirectorate of Facilities and Infrastructure
    • Administration Subsection

List of director generals

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Notes

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  1. ^
    • 20 January 2020 – 21 July 2020: acting director general of higher education
    • 21 July 2020 – 1 August 2021: director general of higher education
    • 1 August 2021 – 15 March 2024: acting director general of higher education, research, and technology
  2. ^
    • 15 March 2024 – 8 November 2024: director general of higher education, research, and technology
    • 8 November 2024 – 12 December 2024: director general of higher education
  3. ^
    • 12 December 2024 – 6 January 2025: acting director general of higher education
    • 6 January 2025 – now: director general of higher education

References

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  1. ^ RENCANA STRATEGIS DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PENDIDIKAN TINGGI 2020 - 2024 (PDF). Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 2020. p. 28.
  2. ^ Yaputra, Hendrik (16 June 2024). "Dirjen Dikti: Penambahan Porsi Anggaran Pendidikan Kemendikbudristek Bisa Cegah Kenaikan UKT". Tempo. Jakarta. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  3. ^ Perguruan tinggi di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Departemen Perguruan Tinggi dan Ilmu Pengetahuan. 1965. p. 18.
  4. ^ Kabinet Karya: mendjelang dua tahun Kabinet Karya, 9 April 1957-9 April, 1958 (in Indonesian). Kementerian Penerangan. 1958. p. 311.
  5. ^ Almanak organisasi negara Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Lembaga Administrasi Negara. 1960. p. 267.
  6. ^ Kelana, Kenang (2020-09-08). "Politik Pendidikan Indonesia: Perjalanan Singkat Panca Wardhana (1959-1965)". BUNGA RAMPAI PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA: Tribute to Prof. H.A.R Tilaar (in Indonesian). UNJ PRESS. pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-623-7518-37-2.
  7. ^ Thomas, Robert Murray (1973). A Chronicle of Indonesian Higher Education: The First Half Century, 1920-1970. Chopmen. pp. 180–181.
  8. ^ Hp, Suradi; Safwan, Mardanas; Latuconsina, Djuariah (1986). Sejarah Pemikiran Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (in Indonesian). Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan. pp. 125–126.
  9. ^ a b "Continuity and Change: Four Indonesian Cabinets since October 1, 1965, with Scattered Data on Their Members' Organizational and Ethnic Affiliations, Age and Place of Birth". Indonesia. 2: 201. September 1966. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022 – via eCommons.
  10. ^ Keputusan Presiden (KEPPRES) Nomor 170 Tahun 1966 tentang Struktur Organisasi Dan Bidang Tugas Dari Departemen-Departemen Kabinet Ampera
  11. ^ KEPUTUSAN PRESIDIUM KABINET No. 75 /U/KEP/11/1966 tentang STRUKTUR ORGANISASI DAN PEMBAGIAN TUGAS DEPARTEMEN-DEPARTEMEN
  12. ^ Pedoman Kabinet Ampera: Disusun olen Sekretariat Presidium Kabinet Ampera Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Departemen Penerangan R.I. [P.N. Pertjetakan Negara R.I.] 1967.
  13. ^ Keputusan Presiden No. 39 tahun 1969 tentang Perubahan dan atau Penambahan Direktorat Jenderal Sebagai di Maksud dalam Keputusan Presiden Nomor 170 Tahun 1966
  14. ^ a b c Mansoer, Hamdan (2007). "Prof. Dr. Samaun Samadikun, M.Sc.: Sosok Pribadi Rendah Hati yang Tulus dan Mengagumkan". In Soegiarto, Kinarti A.; Iswanti, Setya; S, Retno Asihanti (eds.). Profesor Samaun Samadikun: sang petani silikon Indonesia (in Indonesian). Yayasan Obor Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-799-137-1.
  15. ^ Laporan tahunan - Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi (in Indonesian). Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. 1976.
  16. ^ "Menanti Gebrakan Riset Perguruan Tinggi". SINDOnews Nasional (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2025-01-09.
  17. ^ "Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Didukung 5 Dirjen dan 3 Staf Ahli". Cabinet Secretariat. 30 January 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  18. ^ a b c Adit, Albertus (27 December 2019). Harususilo, Yohanes Enggar (ed.). ""Kembali" ke Kemendikbud, Ini Tugas Ditjen Dikti di Perpres 82/2019". Kompas. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  19. ^ "Perpres 82/2019 terbit, Nadiem Makarim bakal punya Wamen". Kontan. 26 December 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  20. ^ a b Taufiq (22 July 2020). "Resmi Dilantik Jadi Dirjen Pendidikan Tinggi Kemendikbud, Prof. Nizam Ingin Wujudkan 3 Kunci". Kagama. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  21. ^ "Struktur Organisasi". Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  22. ^ "Jokowi Gabungkan Ristek dan Dikti dalam Satu Ditjen". CNN Indonesia. 30 July 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  23. ^ Yuniarto, Topan (9 August 2021). "Kebijakan Riset dan Teknologi: Dari Soekarno Hingga Jokowi". Kompas. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  24. ^ "Struktur Organisasi". Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  25. ^ "Menanti Terobosan Pendidikan". Kompas (in Indonesian). 24 October 2024. Retrieved 2025-01-09.
  26. ^ Gunawan, Anggun (6 December 2024). Gatra, Sandro (ed.). "Mempertanyakan Urgensi Politeknik di Indonesia". Kompas. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  27. ^ "Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains, dan Teknologi Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi, Sains, dan Teknologi". JDIH Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi. Retrieved 2025-01-09.
  28. ^ a b "Pelantikan". Tempo. 26 May 1984. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  29. ^ a b Administrator (22 May 1993). "Pergantian". Tempo.co (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
  30. ^ a b "Partai Politik Diimbau tidak Ikutkan Pelajar dalam Kampanye* Dr Satryo Soemantri Brodjonegoro Dirjen Dikti". Kompas. 21 April 1999. Archived from the original on 31 October 2004. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  31. ^ a b "Tiga Dirjen Depdiknas Dilantik". Kompas. 30 November 2007. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  32. ^ a b Nurfuadah, Rifa Nadia (15 June 2010). "Mendiknas Lantik Djoko Santoso Jadi Dirjen Dikti". Okezone. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  33. ^ "Perpres tentang Kemendikbud Resmi Terbit". Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  34. ^ Harahap, Rachmad Faisal (25 March 2015). "Sekjen Kemenristek Dikti Siap Bereskan Struktur Organisasi". Okezone. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  35. ^ a b Karman, Almubit. "Setelah Penantian Panjang, Pergantian Plt Dirjen Dikti, Akhirnya Terwujud; Prof Nizam Ikhlas Tinggalkan Posisinya untuk Diisi Prof Haris". Ragam Palu (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-07-18.
  36. ^ "Prof Abdul Haris Dilantik Sebagai Deputi Bidang Koordinasi Pemberdayaan Desa". Sevima. 31 December 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  37. ^ a b "Sosok Dirjen Dikti Prof Khairul Munadi »". dialeksis.com. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
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