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Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! Party
AbbreviationLMN
ChairpersonDennis Schuller
Founded1998; 26 years ago (1998)
Preceded byIndependent Grassroots Party
HeadquartersMinneapolis
NewspaperFreedom Gazette
IdeologyMarijuana legalization
Colors  Green, Gold, Red
State Senate
0 / 67
State House
0 / 134
U.S. Senate
0 / 2
U.S. House
0 / 8
Website
www.legalmarijuananowparty.com

Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! is a political third party in the U.S. state of Minnesota established in 1998 to oppose drug prohibition.[1][2] They are formally recognized as a minor party.[3]

Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! became a major party in Minnesota in 2018 when their candidate for State Auditor, Michael Ford, received 5.3 percent of the vote.[4] During the 2010s the party began expansion attempts to other states, continuing during the 2020s, as the Legal Marijuana Now Party. They lost their major party status in a 2024 case with the Minnesota Supreme Court.

In 2020, the Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! nominee for United States Senator received 190,154 votes in the November 3 election, the largest number of votes received in 2020, in the U.S., by any such third-party candidate.[5] Democrats have stated that Legal Marijuana Now! candidates are detrimental to the Democratic Party.[6] An analysis of votes cast in the 2020 Minnesota elections found that Legal Marijuana Now! candidates might have helped Democratic candidates in swing districts, by pulling a greater number of votes from Republican candidates.[7]

Scholars have credited Legal Marijuana Now! with motivating the Minnesota Democratic Party to prioritize cannabis legalization, in 2023.[8][9]

Early History

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Background before 1998

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The Minnesota Grassroots Party was formed in 1986 as a response to Ronald Reagan's War on Drugs.[10][1] In 1996 the party split, with some former members forming the Independent Grassroots Party for one election cycle.[1]

1998—2015

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In 1998, members of the Independent Grassroots Party formed the Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! political party.[1] According to the Legal Marijuana Now Party, a person’s right to sell the products of their garden is protected by the Minnesota Constitution.[11]

Minnesota does not allow voters to petition to put the law itself onto the ballot for a vote. The only petition the people can use in Minnesota is to nominate independent and third party candidates for office.[10]

In 2014, Dan Vacek ran for Minnesota Attorney General as the Legal Marijuana Now candidate and got 57,604 votes, qualifying the party to be officially recognized and to receive public funding from the state.[12]

Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! held their first convention and adopted a party constitution on November 26, 2014. Founding members Oliver Steinberg, Marty Super, and Dan Vacek comprised the organization's 2015 leadership council.

2016—2022

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Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! Party marching in Saint Paul's 2016 Rice Street Parade

2016—2018

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In 2016, Michael Ford was elected chairperson of the Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party. From 2018 through 2019, Marty Super served as chairperson.[13] Tim Davis was chairperson of Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now from 2020 until 2023, when Dennis Schuller became chairperson of the Minnesota party.

The Legal Marijuana Now Party placed a candidate, Zach Phelps, on the ballot in the Minnesota State Senate District 35 Special Election, in February 2016.[14][15]

Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now nominated candidates by petition to appear on the ballot for the November 6, 2018, election.[16] Their candidate for State Auditor, Michael Ford, who is African-American, received 133,913 votes or 5.28%, qualifying Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party to be an official major party in the state, which gives Legal Marijuana Now candidates ballot access without the task of having to petition.[4]

2019—2020

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The Legal Marijuana Now Party placed a candidate, John “Sparky” Birrenbach, of Pine City on the ballot in the Minnesota State Senate District 11 Special Election, in February 2019.[17]

In 2020, Legal Marijuana Now candidate Adam Weeks who was on the ballot in Minnesota's 2nd congressional district where Democratic Representative Angie Craig was seeking re-election in a close race, died four weeks before the November 3 election, throwing the election into chaos because a Minnesota state law said that if a major party candidate died during an election campaign, a special election would be held. Prior to his death, Weeks had boasted in a voicemail left for an estranged friend that a Republican had offered him money to run against the Republican and Democratic candidates.[18] Federal judges ruled that the election should go ahead because federal law setting the date of the election preempted the state law,[19][20] so the name of the candidate, Paula Overby, who was nominated by Legal Marijuana Now Party to replace Weeks, was not on the ballot.[21] State Legal Marijuana Now Party leaders encouraged their supporters to cast their votes for Weeks, in memoriam, and the dead candidate received 5.83% of votes in the three-way race.[22]

During the 2020 election campaign, Minnesota Democratic Party leaders said that the Legal Marijuana Now Party made it harder for DFL candidates to win.[20] But a St. Cloud Times analysis of votes cast in the November 3, 2020, election found that the marijuana candidates took at least as many votes, if not more, from Republican candidates than they took from Democratic candidates.[7]

Kevin O’Connor, the Legal Marijuana Now nominee for United States Senator in 2020, received 190,154 votes in the November 3 election, the largest number of votes received by any such third-party candidate nationwide.[5][23]

2021—2022

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2021 municipal elections

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Legal Marijuana Now congressional candidate Mickey Moore entered the 2021 Ward 9 Minneapolis City Council race. In the nonpartisan municipal election, Moore was endorsed by the Minneapolis Area DFL Senior Caucus, Operation Safety Now, Minneapolis’ firefighters union. Other candidates in the race had endorsements including the Minneapolis Democratic Party, Twin Cities Democratic Socialists, Somali Business Association.[24]

2022 congressional District 1 special election

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Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party nominated Richard Reisdorf of Mankato, a disabled American war veteran, to run for United States Representative from Minnesota's 1st congressional district in the August 9, 2022, special election.[25]

2022 gubernatorial primary

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On August 9, 2022, Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party held a gubernatorial primary between James McCaskel and David Sandbeck, and Chris Wright and L.C. Converse. McCaskel was nominated for Governor of Minnesota by 52 percent of Legal Marijuana Now voters.[26]

2022 Minnesota state elections

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In 2022, Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party nominated substitute teacher and former city clerk Eric Leitzen for Minnesota State Senator from District 26.[27]

In the District 54A race for Minnesota State Representative, Legal Marijuana Now Party nominated Ryan Martin, an automobile mechanic who was the party’s nominee for District 55A representative in 2020.[28]

2022 federal elections

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Paula Overby, a supporter of Bernie Sanders who sought the DFL nomination for U.S. Senator in 2020, was nominated by Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party, in 2022, to run for U.S. Representative from the 2nd congressional district. Overby, an information technology director and author of the 2017 book The Transgender Myth: Through the Gender Looking Glass, had previously been nominated by Legal Marijuana Now Party for the 2nd congressional district in 2020 after candidate Adam Weeks' death. Overby’s platform included marijuana legalization and universal Medicare.[29][30][31]

According to Representative Craig, Minnesota's 2nd congressional district is an independent stronghold. "About one-third of the voters lean Democrat, one-third lean Republican, and the other third of voters don't really like Democrats or Republicans. They like their personal rights and freedoms and don't want politicians telling them what to do," Craig said in November.[32]

On October 5, 2022, Overby died during recovery in a hospital following surgery for a heart valve condition.[33] Minnesota Secretary of State Steve Simon stated that due to a 2021 federal court ruling in the wake of Adam Weeks' death, the congressional election would go ahead as scheduled on November 8, and Overby's name would remain on the ballot.[34] Without remedy for replacing their deceased nominee, under state law, Legal Marijuana Now encouraged supporters to cast their votes for Overby. The party was joined in support of voting in memoriam by Right Now USA, a conservative political action committee, while the Minnesota D—F—L Party paid for advertisements against Legal Marijuana Now, in District 2.[35] The dead candidate in 2022, Overby, won 10,728 votes in the race.[36]

In the 2022 election for United States Representative from District 7, Travis "Bull" Johnson, a Beltrami, Minnesota, goat farmer and U.S. Army veteran, was endorsed by former District 7 Representative Collin Peterson, a Democrat who held the office for 30 years, from 1991 to 2021.[37] Finishing third in the election, Legal Marijuana Now candidate Johnson got 16,421 votes, placing fourth highest out of 126 contests nationally, in 2022, with third party or independent candidates in three-way races.[38]

Since 2023

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Legal Marijuana Now! Party celebrating on the Minnesota State Capitol steps, April 29, 2023

2023—2024

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2023 Minnesota Senate hearings

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During testimony supporting Minnesota Senate File 73 to create a regulated commercial cannabis market, at the bill's first Minnesota Senate committee hearing, in 2023, Oliver Steinberg, a Legal Marijuana Now Party founder, said that marijuana prohibition has not stopped people from using cannabis, but prohibition has "succeeded perhaps in terrorizing or intimidating citizens, in canceling civil liberties, blighting both urban and rural communities, all without eradicating the outlawed substance."[39] Some political scholars have remarked that Minnesota's single-issue marijuana parties and strong third parties such as Independence, which evolved from Governor Jesse Ventura's Reform Party, motivated the state Democratic—Farmer—Labor Party to pass a marijuana legalization law, in 2023.[8][9]

On Saturday, April 29, 2023, after the Minnesota Senate voted to pass Senate File 73, Legal Marijuana Now Party held a rally on the state capitol steps, in celebration, featuring speakers and music by Paul Metsa and Kung Fu Hippies. Party spokesperson Dennis Schuller, who was nominated for Minnesota House of Representatives in 2020, told a Star Tribune reporter that federal prohibition laws against cannabis, overseeing implementation of the state's regulated market, and expungement of past criminal records, illustrate tasks that remain for Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party, planning their campaign in 2024 for United States Senate.[9]

2024 elections

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Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now! Party held a presidential nomination primary on March 5, 2024, for the 2024 presidential election. The contest was held on Super Tuesday alongside primaries in 14 other states and territories. The race was the first Legal Marijuana Now! presidential primary, and the first third party presidential primary run by the state of Minnesota since 1916.[40]

On May 10, 2024, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that Legal Marijuana Now! no longer met the criteria for major party status in Minnesota. Among other things, this removed their automatic ballot access and some legal protections.[41]

Electoral history

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1998 election results

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Year Office Candidate Popular votes Percentage
1998 United States Representative, District 4 Dan Vacek 5,839[42] 2.40%

2014—2018 election results

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Year Office Candidate Popular votes Percentage
2014 Minnesota Attorney General Dan Vacek 57,604[43] 2.99%
2016 Minnesota State Senator, District 35 Zachary Phelps[15] 180[44] 4.10%
2016 United States Representative, District 4 Susan Pendergast Sindt 27,152[45] 7.71%
2016 United States Representative, District 5 Dennis Schuller 30,759[45] 8.50%
2016 Minnesota State Senator, District 60 Martin Super 8,861[45] 21.78%
2018 United States Senator Dennis Schuller 66,236[46] 2.55%
2018 United States Senator Sarah Wellington 95,614[46] 3.70%
2018 United States Representative, District 4 Susan Pendergast Sindt 13,776[47] 4.19%
2018 Minnesota State Auditor Michael Ford 133,913[48] 5.28%

2019—2022 state election results

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Year Office Candidate Popular votes Percentage
2019 Minnesota State Senator, District 11 John Birrenbach 298[49] 1.91%
2020 Minnesota State Representative, District 60A Marty Super 247[50] 11.49%
2020 Minnesota State Senator, District 5 Robyn Smith 2,400[51] 5.30%
2020 Minnesota State Senator, District 14 Jaden Partlow 3,127[52] 7.92%
2020 Minnesota State Senator, District 16 Steve “Stoney” Preslicka 4,880[53] 12.10%
2020 Minnesota State Senator, District 23 David Pulkrabek 8,730[54] 21.11%
2020 Minnesota State Senator, District 27 Tyler Becvar 2,699[55] 6.68%
2020 Minnesota State Senator, District 45 Andy Schuler 4,729[56] 9.88%
2020 Minnesota State Senator, District 64 Patricia Jirovec McArdell 3,281[57] 6.42%
2020 Minnesota State Representative, District 17A Ed Engelmann 1,007[58] 4.88%
2020 Minnesota State Representative, District 40B Mary O’Connor 2,147[59] 11.86%
2020 Minnesota State Representative, District 55A Ryan Martin 1,706[60] 7.40%
2020 Minnesota State Representative, District 63A David Wiester 1,881[61] 7.14%
2020 Minnesota State Representative, District 63B Dennis Schuller 2,039[62] 7.84%
2022 Minnesota State Auditor Tim Davis 87,386 3.55%
2022 Minnesota State Senator, District 26 Eric Leitzen 1,060 2.88%
2022 Minnesota State Senator, District 38 Mary O'Connor 1,602 7.25%
2022 Minnesota State Senator, District 43 Andrew Schuler 7,686 21.72%
2022 Minnesota State Representative, District 53A Brent Jacobson 785 3.97%
2022 Minnesota State Representative, District 53B Laura Pride 1,074 6.28%
2022 Minnesota State Representative, District 54A Ryan Martin 690 4.33%
2022 Minnesota State Representative, District 65A Miki Frost 1,302 13.21%

Results in 2022 Minnesota gubernatorial election

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Year Candidate Lieutenant Governor candidate Votes Percentage
2022 James McCaskel
David Sandbeck		 29,346 1.17%

Results in 2020—2022 federal elections

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Year Office Candidate Popular votes Percentage
2020 United States Senator Kevin O’Connor 190,154[23] 5.92%
2020 United States Representative, District 2 Adam Charles Weeks 24,751[22] 5.83%
2020 United States Representative, District 5 Michael Moore 29,537[63] 9.54%
2020 United States Representative, District 7 Slater Johnson 37,979[64] 4.87%
2022 United States Representative, District 1 Richard Reisdorf 1,545 1.30%
2022 United States Representative, District 1 Richard Reisdorf 6,389 2.15%
2022 United States Representative, District 2 Paula Overby 10,728 3.30%
2022 United States Representative, District 7 Travis "Bull" Johnson 16,421 5.37%

Further reading

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Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party’s quarterly e-newsletter, Freedom Gazette Number 2, January–March 2016

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Harvieux, Vincent (May 3, 2018). "Joint Ops: Why Minnesota has two pro-marijuana parties". Perfect Duluth Day.
  2. ^ Bloch, Emily (October 2, 2019). "Alternatives to the Two Major Political Parties, Explained". Teen Vogue.
  3. ^ "Political Parties". Elections and Voting. Office of the Minnesota Secretary of State. June 21, 2024. Retrieved 6 July 2024.
  4. ^ a b Octavio, Miguel; Tarala, Kassidy (January 15, 2019). "Midterms boost influence of pro-cannabis political parties". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on October 24, 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  5. ^ a b Beaudoin, Dave G. (January 29, 2021). "77 third-party candidates received more votes than the winner's margin of victory in 2020". Ballotpedia.
  6. ^ Callaghan, Peter (July 20, 2022). "Marijuana advocates in Minnesota campaigning against legalization parties, infiltrators, in key swing districts". MinnPost. … a coalition to help DFLers in battleground races. Specifically, the MN Is Ready organization …
  7. ^ a b Hertel, Nora G. (November 14, 2020). "Republican voters choose legal marijuana party candidates in tight legislative races". St. Cloud Times.
  8. ^ a b Labovitch, William (November 27, 2022). "How Minnesota got to marijuana legalization politically". Star Tribune.
  9. ^ a b c Brooks, Jennifer (May 10, 2023). "After law, what's next for state's pot parties? When you fight for a cause, sometimes you win". Star Tribune.
  10. ^ a b Condon, Patrick (21 June 2014). "Pot activists light up Minnesota ballot". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  11. ^ Callaghan, Peter (June 21, 2023). "Melons, rutabagas, marijuana? Minnesota Constitution's protection on peddling farm goods gets another look". MinnPost.
  12. ^ Du, Susan (July 19, 2017). "Reefer Riches: What Minnesota could learn about recreational marijuana". City Pages. Archived from the original on July 21, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  13. ^ Pugmire, Tim (September 25, 2019). "New political parties try to organize around support for legal marijuana". Minnesota Public Radio.
  14. ^ a b Gettman, John (9 February 2016). "Pot Matters: Minnesota Maverick Pushes Legalization Platform in Special Election". High Times. Retrieved 1 April 2022.
  15. ^ Jones, Hannah (August 30, 2018). "The Minnesota State Fair's weed activists are kindly waiting for you to realize they're right". City Pages.
  16. ^ Van Oot, Torey (January 8, 2019). "Field set for Minnesota's special Senate election to fill Tony Lourey's seat". Star Tribune.
  17. ^ Bierschbach, Briana. "Pot party candidate said GOP recruited him to 'pull votes' from Minnesota Democrat". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2022-09-12.
  18. ^ "Marijuana Party Candidate's Death Is No Reason to Pause Election". Bloomberg Law. October 23, 2020.
  19. ^ a b Van Berkel, Jessie; Bierschbach, Briana (November 5, 2020). "Marijuana candidates shake up Minnesota races". Star Tribune.
  20. ^ Associated Press (October 6, 2020). "Legal Marijuana Now Party Names New 2nd District Candidate Following Death Of Adam Weeks". CBS Minnesota.
  21. ^ a b "2020 Results for US Representative District 2". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  22. ^ a b "2020 Results for US Senator".
  23. ^ Duggan, JD (June 24, 2021). "We asked the Minneapolis City Council candidates for Ward 9 what they would do about police reform, rebuilding East Lake Street, homelessness, and rent control: Jason Chavez, Mickey Moore, and Haji Yussuf spoke to Sahan Journal about their policy ideas, their personal experiences—and why they deserve your vote". Sahan Journal. Mickey Moore ... has emerged as the chosen candidate for Operation Safety Now ... the Minneapolis Area DFL Seniors Caucus ... Minneapolis' firefighters union; and others. Moore was also a Congressional candidate from the Legal Marijuana Now party
  24. ^ "Two more file for 1st District congressional seat". Mankato Free Press. March 8, 2022.
  25. ^ Bierschbach, Briana (August 10, 2022). "Walz, Jensen easily score nominations, candidates in the state's two pro-marijuana legalization parties went head-to-head on Tuesday". Star Tribune.
  26. ^ "Leitzen announces candidacy". Fillmore County Journal. June 6, 2022.
  27. ^ "Legal Marijuana Now candidate Ryan Martin to run for District 55A". Shakopee Valley News. June 11, 2020.
  28. ^ Johnson, Brett (July 31, 2020). "Paula Overby: DFL candidate for US Senate". KTNF.
  29. ^ Johnson, Tad (July 8, 2022). "Two additional candidates complicate 2nd District race". Sun This Week. Overby would have taken the place of Legal Marijuana Now Party 2nd District candidate Adam Weeks in 2020 had a special election been allowed.
  30. ^ "This Minnesota county will decide one of the most competitive House races". Politico. July 12, 2022. Overby's platform of marijuana and "Medicare for All" may rouse more liberal voters.
  31. ^ Salisbury, Bill (November 6, 2022). "MN 2nd District race between Angie Craig, Tyler Kistner is a very expensive tossup". St. Paul Pioneer Press.
  32. ^ "Paula Overby, Legal Marijuana Now Party candidate in 2nd District, dies". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  33. ^ "Minnesota Secretary Of State - Office Statement on Congressional District 2 Election". www.sos.state.mn.us. Retrieved 2022-10-06.
  34. ^ Erdahl, Kent (November 3, 2022). "Ad from right-wing PAC urges vote for deceased 3rd party candidate". KARE (TV).
  35. ^ Bornhoft, William (November 9, 2022). "Dead Candidate Won Nearly 11K Votes In MN, Unofficial Results Show". Patch Media.
  36. ^ Achterling, Michael (September 9, 2022). "'Bull' Johnson faces uphill climb in U.S. House race". Detroit Lakes Tribune.
  37. ^ "2022 General Election 118th U.S. House Popular Vote and FEC Total Receipts by Party". The Green Papers. November 2022.
  38. ^ Croman, John (January 26, 2023). "Minnesota Senate panel takes in marijuana bill: The Senate's Public Safety Committee heard testimony on recreational pot legislation for the first time". KARE-TV.
  39. ^ Winger, Richard (January 2, 2024). "Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party Will Hold State's First Presidential Primary for a Third Party in Over 100 Years". Ballot Access News. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  40. ^ Ferguson, Dana (May 10, 2024). "Legal Marijuana Now Party demoted from major party status in Minnesota Supreme Court decision". MPR News. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
  41. ^ Minnesota Secretary of State (November 1998). "Minnesota Election Results 1998, p. 43" (PDF). Minnesota Legislative Reference Library.
  42. ^ "2014 Election Results Minnesota Attorney General". Minnesota Secretary of State. November 2014.
  43. ^ "2016 Results Minnesota Special Election, District 35". Minnesota Secretary of State. February 2016.
  44. ^ a b c "Minnesota State Canvassing Report: 2016 General Election" (PDF). Minnesota Secretary of State. November 29, 2016.
  45. ^ a b "2018 Election Results United States Senator". Minnesota Secretary of State. November 2018.
  46. ^ "2018 Election Results United States Representative District 4". Minnesota Secretary of State. November 2018.
  47. ^ "2018 Election Results Minnesota State Auditor". Minnesota Secretary of State. November 2018.
  48. ^ "2019 Results Minnesota Minnesota Special Election, District 11". Minnesota Secretary of State. February 2019.
  49. ^ "Index - ElectionResults.Web". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us. Retrieved 2020-07-13.
  50. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 5". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  51. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 14". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  52. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 16". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  53. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 23". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  54. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 27". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  55. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 45". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  56. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 64". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  57. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 17A". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  58. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 40B". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  59. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 55A". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  60. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 63A". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  61. ^ "2020 Results for Minnesota State Senator District 63B". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  62. ^ "2020 Results for US Representative District 5". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
  63. ^ "2020 Results for US Representative District 7". electionresults.sos.state.mn.us.
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