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Day/night cricket

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Day/night match at Trent Bridge

Day/night cricket, also known as floodlit cricket, is a cricket match that is played either totally or partially under floodlights in the evening. The first regular cricket to be played under floodlights occurred during World Series Cricket, unsanctioned by the International Cricket Council (ICC), attracting large crowds to see some of the world's best players compete in Australia and the West Indies. In 1979, when the ICC and World Series Cricket came to an understanding, the first floodlit One Day International was played, also in Australia. Floodlit cricket has since been played around the world, although England was slow to take it up due to their climate. Floodlit first-class cricket was first played in 1994, when the concept was tried during the Sheffield Shield.[1] Day/night cricket is now commonplace in one-day cricket and Twenty20 cricket. For instance, all 27 matches in the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 were day/night matches,[citation needed] as were most matches in the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

In October 2012, the International Cricket Council recast the playing conditions for Test matches, permitting day/night Test matches.[2] The first day/night Test Match took place between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide on 27 November 2015, 36 years to the day from the first ICC-sanctioned day/night match.

History

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The crowd at Eden Gardens on the first day of the first day/night Test match in India.

Although the idea was birthed in the western Adelaide suburb of Cowandilla in the 1930s,[3][4] which led to an 11 team Electric Light Cricket competition there in the 1930s,[5] it is believed that the first match played under floodlights in England was on 11 August 1952, between Middlesex County Cricket Club and Arsenal Football Club.[6] The match was a benefit for Jack Young, and was not the first benefit match held between the two sides. Floodlights at Arsenal Stadium had been installed in the summer of 1951, and were first used for football in October 1951. The cricket match took place at 19:30, the lights were turned on towards the end of the first innings, in which Arsenal were batting. A public announcement was made, advising spectators (of which there were just over 7,000) to "Keep your eye on the ball, when you see it coming keep low. The batsmen will try to keep it down, but they can't promise." The match was televised on the BBC, with over a million viewers tuning in to watch the spectacle. The Times was not convinced of the success of floodlights in cricket, mischievously asking: "What is to prevent non-stop Test matches where the last wicket falls as the milkman arrives?"[6]

It appeared that the cricketing world concurred with The Times that playing cricket under floodlights was not a viable concept, and for over twenty years Jack Young's benefit remained a one-off. However, in 1977, when Kerry Packer bought over 50 of the world's leading cricketers to play in his World Series Cricket, the concept came to the fore.[7] After initial attendances at the matches were low, Packer moved from so called "Supertests" to one-day cricket, generally played under floodlights. Attendances of roughly 2,000 had attended the "Supertests" between Australia and the West Indies at the Australian rules football stadium, VFL Park in Melbourne in November 1977. A year later – almost to the day, 44,377 people were inside the Sydney Cricket Ground to watch a floodlit one-day match between the same sides. Opposition to World Series Cricket was large, and the matches did not have Test cricket nor first-class cricket status. In 1979 an agreement between the Australian Cricket Board and Kerry Packer brought World Series Cricket to an end.[7] The marketing potential of floodlit cricket had been noticed though, and the first floodlit One Day International was contested in November 1979 between the official cricket teams of Australia and the West Indies.[8]

Floodlit cricket was soon taking place not only in Australia, but also in South Africa, the West Indies and the subcontinent. In England, opposition remained firm; not only was there lingering hostility towards Packer's World Series Cricket, but the differences in climate made the application difficult. In contrast to Australia and South Africa, where twilight is minimal, and the light fades quickly, the long English evenings meant that the floodlights would only be required for the last hour or so of a match. The increased chance of rain also meant that the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) was loath to spend money on permanent lights, when rain would stop play anyway.[9]

Day/night first-class matches

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A used pink ball
A day/night first-class game

During the late 2000s, discussions regarding the possibility of playing day/night Test matches occurred. In the West Indies, the first floodlit first-class cricket match in which the teams used a pink ball, was played between Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago.[10] The viability of using a pink ball was also tried out by Cricket Australia and some Indian Premier League and Bangladesh Cricket League franchises.[11] The annual curtain-raiser to the English cricket season in 2010 was played under floodlights in Abu Dhabi, with a mixed but generally positive reception.[12] A year later, in 2011, the first County Championship game to be played under lights was played, between Kent and Glamorgan at St Lawrence Ground, Canterbury.[13]

The 2013–14 Sheffield Shield season included three-day/night first-class matches with pink balls.[14] The trials continued in 2014–15 as Cricket Australia looked to host the first day-night Test in 2015 against New Zealand.[15] This match took place at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide on 27 November 2015.[16]

India's first pink ball match took place in Kolkata on 18 July 2016. It was CAB Super League Final between Bhowanipore Club and Mohan Bagan.[citation needed] Mohan Bagan won the match by 296 runs. The 2016 Duleep Trophy matches were played under the lights in Greater Noida. Feedback about the ball was that due to the brightness of the ball, the team handling the camera was able to track the pink ball better than the red. However, catching the ball in the deep during day-light was relatively difficult compared to the red ball.[17] In September 2016, the BCCI confirmed that there would be no day/night Tests in India during the 2016–17 season.[18] Incidentally, the first day-night first-class match in India was held much earlier: in April 1997, the Ranji trophy final between Delhi and Mumbai was played at Gwalior under lights. A pink ball was not used, with play carried for five days using a white ball.

The second day/night Test took place between Pakistan and the West Indies on 13–17 October 2016.[19] In October 2016 the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) confirmed that the first Test between England and the West Indies in August 2017 would be played as a day/night game.[20]

Australia played two day/night Tests in their home summer of 2016/17: one against South Africa at Adelaide and one against Pakistan at Brisbane.

On 7 March 2017, Cricket Australia confirmed that the first day/night women's Test would be played between Australia and England. This was the sole Test of the 2017–18 Women's Ashes series and was played at the North Sydney Oval.[21]

First international day/night matches by host country

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Men's

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No. Date Host Away team(s) Venue Result
1 27 November 1979  Australia  West Indies Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney  Australia won by 5 wickets
2 28 September 1984  India  Australia Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi), Delhi  Australia won by 48 runs
3 4 September 1992  Sri Lanka  Australia R Premadasa Stadium, Colombo  Sri Lanka won by 5 wickets
4 7 December 1992  South Africa  India Newlands, Cape Town  South Africa won by 6 wickets
5 3 February 1996  New Zealand  Zimbabwe McLean Park, Napier  Zimbabwe won by 21 runs
6 17 March 1996  Pakistan  Sri Lanka,  Australia Gaddafi Stadium, Lahore  Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets
7 11 December 1997  United Arab Emirates  England,  India Sharjah Cricket Stadium, Sharjah  England won by 7 runs
8 24 October 1998  Bangladesh  New Zealand,  Zimbabwe Bangabandhu National Stadium, Dhaka  New Zealand won by 5 wickets
9 6 July 2000  England  West Indies,  Zimbabwe Bristol County Ground, Bristol  England won by 6 wickets
10 10 May 2006  West Indies  Zimbabwe Beausejour Cricket Ground, Gros Islet  West Indies won by 10 wickets
11 12 September 2006  Malaysia  Australia,  West Indies Kinrara Academy Oval, Kuala Lumpur  Australia won by 78 runs
12 9 September 2021  Oman  Papua New Guinea,  United States Al Amerat, Muscat  United States won by 134 runs

List of day/night Tests

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Men's

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No. Date Home team Away team Venue Result
1 27 November–1 December 2015  Australia  New Zealand Adelaide Oval, Adelaide  Australia won by 3 wickets
2 13–17 October 2016  Pakistan  West Indies Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai  Pakistan won by 56 runs
3 24–28 November 2016  Australia  South Africa Adelaide Oval, Adelaide  Australia won by 7 wickets
4 15–19 December 2016  Australia  Pakistan The Gabba, Brisbane  Australia won by 39 runs
5 17–21 August 2017  England  West Indies Edgbaston Cricket Ground, Birmingham  England won by an innings and 209 runs
6 6–10 October 2017  Pakistan  Sri Lanka Dubai International Cricket Stadium, Dubai  Sri Lanka won by 68 runs
7 2–6 December 2017  Australia  England Adelaide Oval, Adelaide  Australia won by 120 runs
8 26–29 December 2017  South Africa  Zimbabwe St George's Park, Port Elizabeth  South Africa won by an innings and 120 runs
9 22–26 March 2018  New Zealand  England Eden Park, Auckland  New Zealand won by an innings and 49 runs
10 23–27 June 2018  West Indies  Sri Lanka Kensington Oval, Bridgetown  Sri Lanka won by 4 wickets
11 24–28 January 2019  Australia  Sri Lanka The Gabba, Brisbane  Australia won by an innings and 40 runs
12 22–26 November 2019  India  Bangladesh Eden Gardens, Kolkata  India won by an innings and 46 runs
13 29 November–3 December 2019  Australia  Pakistan Adelaide Oval, Adelaide  Australia won by an innings and 48 runs
14 12–16 December 2019  Australia  New Zealand Perth Stadium, Perth  Australia won by 296 runs
15 17–21 December 2020  Australia  India Adelaide Oval, Adelaide  Australia won by 8 wickets
16 24–28 February 2021  India  England Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad  India won by 10 wickets
17 16–20 December 2021  Australia  England Adelaide Oval, Adelaide  Australia won by 275 runs
18 14–18 January 2022  Australia  England Bellerive Oval, Hobart  Australia won by 146 runs
19 12–16 March 2022  India  Sri Lanka M. Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore  India won by 238 runs
20 8–12 December 2022  Australia  West Indies Adelaide Oval, Adelaide  Australia won by 419 runs
21 16–20 February 2023  New Zealand  England Bay Oval, Mount Maunganui  England won by 267 runs
22 25–29 January 2024  Australia  West Indies The Gabba, Brisbane  West Indies won by 8 runs
23 6–10 December 2024  Australia  India Adelaide Oval, Adelaide  Australia won by 10 wickets

Women's

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No. Date Home team Away team Venue Result
1 9–12 November 2017  Australia  England North Sydney Oval, Sydney Match drawn
2 30 September–3 October 2021  Australia  India Carrara Stadium, Gold Coast, Queensland Match drawn

References

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  1. ^ "Bulb breaks on nights in whites". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  2. ^ "ICC paves way for Day-Night Tests". Wisden India. 29 October 2012. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  3. ^ "Electric Light Cricket". The ABC. Retrieved 23 May 2021.
  4. ^ "The Mail". 7000 Play It Now. 9 April 1949.
  5. ^ "Electric Light Cricket; Returned Soldiers Invent New Game". The Adelaide Advertiser. 2 November 1934. p. 13. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  6. ^ a b Williamson, Martin (11 March 2006). "Let there be light". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  7. ^ a b Williamson, Martin. "World Series Cricket". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  8. ^ "1st match: Australia v West Indies at Sydney, Nov 27, 1979". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  9. ^ "Henry Blofeld: Future still looks dim for floodlit cricket in England". The Independent. independent. independent. 7 January 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
  10. ^ Cricinfo staff (16 January 2010). "Simmons century inaugurates first floodlit game". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  11. ^ Hobson, Richard (29 March 2010). "MCC hopes pink ball can pass desert trial in season opener". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  12. ^ "Durham dominate MCC in Abu Dhabi". BBC Sport. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  13. ^ "Kent get mixed floodlit reaction". BBC News. 9 September 2011.
  14. ^ "New look domestic schedule announced". Cricket Australia. 7 September 2013. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  15. ^ Coverdale, Brydon (23 June 2014). "Australia's summer schedule released". Cricinfo. ESPN. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
  16. ^ "First day-night Test for Adelaide Oval". ESPNCricinfo. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2015.
  17. ^ "Pink is camera friendly, but a day-night Test far away". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  18. ^ "No home day-night Test this season - Thakur". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  19. ^ "Pakistan and West Indies to play day-night Test in Dubai". BBC Sport. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  20. ^ "Edgbaston to host England-West Indies day-night Test". ESPN Cricinfo. 6 October 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
  21. ^ "Southern Stars set for historic day-night Test". Cricket Australia. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
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