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David and John Jardine

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319 Broadway in New York City, designed by D. & J. Jardine in the Italianate style and completed in 1870.
The former synagogue of Temple Beth-El and Congregation Rodeph Sholom in New York City, designed by D. & J. Jardine in the High Victorian Gothic style and completed in 1873.
The Baumann Brothers building in New York City, designed by D. & J. Jardine in an eclectic style and completed in 1880.
The Wilbraham in New York City, designed by D. & J. Jardine in the Richardsonian Romanesque style and completed in 1890.
The former Mankato Public Library and Reading Room in Mankato, Minnesota, designed by Jardine, Kent & Jardine in the Italian Renaissance Revival style and completed in 1903.
The Harvard Crimson building in Cambridge, Massachusetts, designed by Jardine, Hill & Murdock in the Colonial Revival style and completed in 1915.
The former Calvary Baptist Church and Salisbury Hotel in New York City, designed by Jardine, Hill & Murdock in the Gothic Revival style and completed in 1931.

The brothers David Jardine (July 1, 1840 – June 4, 1892) and John Jardine (1838 – June 23, 1920) were Scottish-born American architects in practice in New York City. After immigrating to the United States in 1850, David Jardine opened an office in 1855. In 1865 he and brother John Jardine formed the partnership of D. & J. Jardine, which would become "one of the more prominent, prolific and versatile architectural firms in the city in the second half of the 19th century".[1] After the death of David Jardine, the firm was continued by his brothers and their partners under the names Jardine, Kent & Jardine, Jardine, Kent & Hill, Jardine, Hill & Murdock and Jardine, Murdock & Wright. It was dissolved c. 1941, after about 86 years of continuous practice.

History

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The Jardine brothers were born near Whithorn, Wigtownshire, Scotland, to Archibald Jardine, an architect and builder, and were trained by him. David Jardine was the first to immigrate to the United States in 1850. In 1855 he opened an architect's office of his own in New York City. For a few years before the American Civil War he worked in partnership with Edward G. Thompson under the name Jardine & Thompson. During the war John Jardine immigrated. He spent the war designing several monitors and gunboats for the Union Army. The brothers formed their partnership in 1865. They were joined in 1872 by J. H. Van Norden and in 1884 by a third brother, George E. Jardine, as unnamed partners.[2][1] David died in June 1892 at the age of 51.[3] John and George, with William W. Kent, reorganized the firm as Jardine, Kent & Jardine. Kent had previously been associated with Henry Hobson Richardson and Heins & LaFarge and had practiced in Buffalo with his brother, Edward Austin Kent. George died in 1902 at the age of 51, though the name of the firm was not changed.[4]

All three Jardine brothers were members of the Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York. John Jardine served as second vice president for 1898 and as first vice president for 1899, the first year of Andrew Carnegie's presidency.[5] This connection to Carnegie may explain how Jardine, Kent & Jardine was commissioned to design Carnegie libraries in Minnesota, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Washington.

In 1909 John and Kent were joined by Clinton Murdock Hill, an architect who had previously been a partner in the Boston firms of Bacon & Hill and Hill & James. The work of the latter includes Aigremont (1907), a country house in Winchester, Massachusetts. In December 1910 they were joined by his cousin, Harris Hunnewell Murdock, a Harvard graduate and a former director and vice president of the Library Bureau. In 1911 the firm was renamed Jardine, Kent & Hill to reflect Hill's partnership.[6] That firm was active in the rebuilding of downtown Bangor, Kent's hometown, after its Great Fire. Kent retired from practice in 1912 and the firm was renamed Jardine, Hill & Murdock.[7] In 1920 John Jardine committed suicide. He had suffered from depression and had not been active in the firm for some time.[8] This left designer Hill and business manager Murdock as the sole surviving partners. Hill died in 1930,[9] and the firm was renamed Jardine, Murdock & Wright to include William H. Wright. In 1932 Joseph V. McKee, acting mayor of New York City, appointed Murdock chair of the Board of Standards and Appeals. The duties of his new position soon obligated his retirement from professional practice. The firm continued under Wright until at least 1941.[10] Murdock continued as chair of the Board of Standards and Appeals until his death in 1959, having been reappointed by succeeding city administrations.[11] In 1943 he had been elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in recognition of his public service. He was the only principal of the firm to receive the honor.

Legacy

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At least six works by the Jardine firm have been listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places, four of which have also been designated New York City Landmarks. Two additional works are solely New York City Landmarks.

The papers of John Jardine and his son, John E. Jardine, are conserved at the North Baker Research Library of the California Historical Society.[12]

Buildings

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D. & J. Jardine, 1865–1892

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Jardine, Kent & Jardine, 1892–1911

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Jardine, Kent & Hill, 1911–1912

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Jardine, Hill & Murdock, 1912–1930

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c Landmarks Preservation Commission: The Wilbraham, 2004; this document has an extended list of commissions.
  2. ^ "D. & J. Jardine, architects, no. 1262 Broadway" in History and Commerce of New York, 2nd ed. (New York: American Publishing and Engraving Company, 1891): 113.
  3. ^ https://www.newspapers.com/clip/95909014/the-new-york-times/ “The New York Times”, (New York, New York), 02 Jun 1892, page 5
  4. ^ "Obituary" in Inland Architect and News Record 40, no. 4 (November 1902): 35.
  5. ^ Morrison, George Austin (1906). History of Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York, 1756-1906. New York: Saint Andrew's Society of the State of New York at Press of the Evening Post Job Printing Office. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  6. ^ "Art and architecture" in Architects' and Builders' Magazine (1911): 22.
  7. ^ "Harris Hunnewell Murdock" in Harvard College Class of 1901: Secretary's Fourth Report (Cambridge: Crimson Printing Company, printers, 1916): 313.
  8. ^ "John Jardine a suicide", The New York Times, 24 June 1920.
  9. ^ "Clinton M. Hill 1873–1930" in Architecture 62, no. 5 (November 1930): 41.
  10. ^ "New store group in Forest Hills," New York Times, November 11, 1941.
  11. ^ "Harris H. Murdock dies," in Empire State Architect 19, no. 4 (July-August 1959): 46.
  12. ^ Guide to the John E. Jardine Papers, 1893-1941
  13. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 70.
  14. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 184.
  15. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 113.
  16. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 83.
  17. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 135.
  18. ^ former house of Henry Knickerbocker
  19. ^ Owners of Fifth Avenue Mansions in 1898
  20. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 21.
  21. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 150.
  22. ^ Forgotten New York
  23. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 230.
  24. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 234.
  25. ^ Presa, Donald G. (2010). "SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District Extension Designation Report" (PDF). NYC.gov. NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2016.
  26. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 280.
  27. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 111.
  28. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 50.
  29. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 63.
  30. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 34.
  31. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 264.
  32. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 545.
  33. ^ Brickbuilder (March 1901): 55.
  34. ^ Catalogue of the 18th Annual Exhibition of the Architectural League of New York (1903)
  35. ^ Mankato Public Library and Reading Room NRHP documentation (1980)
  36. ^ Improvement Bulletin (August 17, 1901): 21.
  37. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 177.
  38. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 163.
  39. ^ Burklyn Hall NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form (1973)
  40. ^ a b c Great Fire of 1911 Historic District NRHP Inventory-Nomination Form (1984)
  41. ^ "The real estate field," New York Times, May 25, 1911.
  42. ^ Douglass Shand-Tucci, Harvard University: An Architectural Tour (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2001): 123.
  43. ^ Norval White and Elliot Willensky with Fran Leadon, AIA Guide to New York City, 5th ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010): 353.
  44. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 37.
  45. ^ David W. Dunlap, From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004): 134-135.
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