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Daniela Schiller

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Daniela Schiller
Born1972 (age 51–52)
Rishon LeZion, Israel
Alma materTel Aviv University, New York University
Known forStudy of memory and trauma
Scientific career
Fieldstrauma, neuroscience
InstitutionsMt Sinai School of Medicine

Daniela Schiller (born October 26, 1972, in Israel[1]) is a neuroscientist who leads the Affective Neuroscience Lab at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.[2] She is best known for her work on memory reconsolidation, and on modification of emotional learning and memory.[3][4][5]

Early life and education

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Schiller was born in Rishon LeZion, Israel. She is the daughter of a Moroccan mother and a Ukrainian father. Schiller's father, Sigmund Schiller, is a survivor of the Holocaust. Schiller is the youngest of four children. She received a bachelor's degree in psychology and philosophy in 1996, and her doctorate in psychobiology from Tel Aviv University in 2004. She was awarded a Fulbright fellowship and worked with Elizabeth A. Phelps and Joseph E. LeDoux at New York University.[6] Schiller plays drums and sings backing vocals for The Amygdaloids[3][7] and Supersmall.[8]

Awards and recognition

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Scientific research

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The goal of Schiller's research is to unravel the neurocognitive mechanisms that make emotional memories malleable, allowing for memory modification and for the adaptive adjustment of emotional and social behavior.[13]

Research on the modulation of fear learning

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Schiller's research addressed this question by using a behavioral paradigm called reversal learning in conjunction with physiological skin conductance measurements and neuroimaging. In this task, subjects first learned to associate one of two neutral stimuli with an aversive outcome (acquisition stage), and then had to flexibly modify this learning when the second stimulus began to predict the aversive outcome, while the initial predictive stimulus ceased to do so (reversal stage). The study found that responses in the amygdala and the striatum flexibly tracked the predictive aversive value of the conditioned stimuli, and switched their responses from one stimulus to another when reversal occurred. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) also participated albeit in the opposite direction, showing stronger responses to the safe stimuli, but also dissociating ‘naïve’ safe stimuli from stimuli that used to be dangerous but are now safe.[14] In order to identify a general mechanism underlying fear modulation regardless of the particular strategy used, Schiller and Mauricio Delgado demonstrated the overlapping neural systems mediating extinction, reversal and regulation of learned fear.[15] Further research used the reversal learning data to dissociate the different computations performed by the striatum (prediction error) and amygdala (associability) during fear learning.[16] The reversal protocol also helped identifying differences between combat veterans with or without a PTSD diagnosis in how they compute prediction error and update the value of fear predictive stimuli, and the neural tracking of these computations.[17] Schiller's investigation was extended also to instrumental learning of active avoidance, revealing the neural mechanisms that predict successful active coping with threats in the human brain.[18]

Research on memory reconsolidation

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To examine the ability to modify emotional memory, Schiller's research focused on reconsolidation, which is a memory process of restabilizing a destabilized memory.[19] Reconsolidation can be blocked using pharmacological agents,[20] or non-invasive behavioral interference such as new motor learning during the reconsolidation of motor memories,[21] new episodic learning during reconsolidation of declarative memory,[22] and extinction learning during the reconsolidation of fear memory.[23] Schiller's research demonstrated the interference of reconsolidation of fear memory using extinction in humans.[24] One failure to reproduce this latter finding in an independent study[25] or to validate the article's claims using the original data[26] have cast doubts on whether it can be replicated.[27] However, the authors contend that it is valid,[28] the original data is publicly available and replicates,[28] and of subsequent replications, about 80% (~50 experiments) were successful.[28]

Additional research demonstrated retrieval-extinction interference in mice,[29][30][31][32] rats,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and humans.[45][46][42][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Additional demonstrations of retrieval-extinction were shown in juvenile rats[59] and adolescents humans.[60] Variations of the effect include retrieval followed by vicarious extinction[61] and imaginal extinction.[62] The retrieval-extinction procedure was also effective in clinical populations, including heroine addicts,[39] tobacco smokers,[63] PTSD[64] and spider phobics[56] with long-lasting effects.[65] Some forms of therapy, such as coherence therapy, are built on the principles of memory reconsolidation and are designed to maximally optimize this process.[66][67][68][69] Studies have also demonstrated engram specific manipulation of retrieval-extinction on remote memories.[70] The Epigenetic priming of behavioral memory updating was shown to enable retrieval-extinction interference.[71] Additional conceptual replications and demonstrations of reconsolidation updating using other forms of behavioral and non-invasive interferences have been reported.[72][73][74][75] Some studies failed to replicate retrieval-extinction effects and disputed the results.[76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88] Theoretical formulations[89] and empirical work suggest that inconsistencies in reconsolidation effects may depend on the degree of memory destabilization, as not every memory recall involves neural destabilization; or on the efficacy of the interference, which could differ across individuals and populations.[90][91][19][92][57]

Research on imagination

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Using real-time fMRI, Schiller's research demonstrated that external motivational cues interact with neural substrates of motor imagery. The study also showed that neural regions that mediate motor imagery were synchronized with motor regions that produce actions.[93] Another study extracted the whole brain signature of learned fear and demonstrate that fear responses could be extinguished by imagining of the conditioned stimuli. Imagined extinction engaged brain regions that were also recruited by actual extinction, including the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Neural activity in the nucleus accumbens predicted the ability to successfully extinguish fear by using imagination.[94]

Research on social navigation

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The goal of this line of research is to uncover the neural representation of social relationships. Schiller's research have shown that forming first impressions recruits brain regions involved in emotion and valuation processes, including the amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex. Neural responses in these regions during an initial social encounter, predict subsequent impressions. This suggests that the attribution of social value to people and to things relies on similar basic neural mechanism rather than specialized neural circuits.[95] Another line of research examines how the brain tracks dynamic social structure as people interact with others. To address this, Schiller's team created a social game in which participants arrive to an imaginary town and need to find a job and a place to live by interacting with the town's people. The study found that the location of each character relative to the participant in each interaction could be described by polar coordinates in a two-dimensional axis system of power and affiliation, and that these coordinates were encoded throughout the game by the hippocampus and the posterior cingulate cortex.[96] The findings helped merging the divergent views of hippocampal function as a spatial navigation system versus a hub of episodic memories, and instead support the notion that the hippocampus represents a host of cognitive maps on various domains of experiences and across multiple dimensions.[97][98][99]

Select publications

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References

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  1. ^ Yogis, Jaimal (2013-01-08). The Fear Project: What Our Most Primal Emotion Taught Me About Survival, Success, Surfing . . . and Love. Rodale. pp. 18–20. ISBN 9781609611767. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  2. ^ "Neuroscience Department - Schiller Lab Home". Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 6 November 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.[non-primary source needed]
  3. ^ a b Hall, Stephen S. (June 17, 2013). "Neuroscientist Daniela Schiller is Researching Ways that Bad Memories Can be Made Less Fearsome". MIT Technology Review. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  4. ^ Alleyne, Richard (December 10, 2009). "Trauma and fear to be erased from your mind". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on December 12, 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  5. ^ Reardon, Sara (April 13, 2012). "Drug-free therapy makes addicts 'forget' addiction". New Scientist. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  6. ^ Specter, Michael (19 May 2014). "Partial Recall". The New Yorker. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  7. ^ Heydarpour, Roja (6 March 2007). "INK; A Band of Scientists Who Really Are a Band". The New York Times. p. 2. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  8. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-08-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ "The Esther A. & and Joseph Klingenstein Fund, Inc". www.klingfund.org. Archived from the original on 2020-08-07. Retrieved 2020-06-10.
  10. ^ "Kavli Frontiers Home". www.nasonline.org.
  11. ^ "Daniela Schiller | Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists". blavatnikawards.org.
  12. ^ "Fulbright Postdoctoral Fellowship | Fulbright". www.fulbright.org.il.
  13. ^ "Schiller Lab | Neuroscience Labs - Icahn School of Medicine". labs.neuroscience.mssm.edu.
  14. ^ Schiller, D.; Levy, I.; Niv, Y.; LeDoux, J. E.; Phelps, E. A. (5 November 2008). "From Fear to Safety and Back: Reversal of Fear in the Human Brain". Journal of Neuroscience. 28 (45): 11517–11525. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2265-08.2008. PMC 3844784. PMID 18987188.[non-primary source needed]
  15. ^ Schiller, Daniela; Delgado, Mauricio R. (June 2010). "Overlapping neural systems mediating extinction, reversal and regulation of fear". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 14 (6): 268–276. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.04.002. PMC 3848321. PMID 20493762.[non-primary source needed]
  16. ^ Li, Jian; Schiller, Daniela; Schoenbaum, Geoffrey; Phelps, Elizabeth A; Daw, Nathaniel D (11 September 2011). "Differential roles of human striatum and amygdala in associative learning". Nature Neuroscience. 14 (10): 1250–1252. doi:10.1038/nn.2904. PMC 3268261. PMID 21909088.[non-primary source needed]
  17. ^ Homan, Philipp; Levy, Ifat; Feltham, Eric; Gordon, Charles; Hu, Jingchu; Li, Jian; Pietrzak, Robert H.; Southwick, Steven; Krystal, John H.; Harpaz-Rotem, Ilan; Schiller, Daniela (21 January 2019). "Neural computations of threat in the aftermath of combat trauma". Nature Neuroscience. 22 (3): 470–476. doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0315-x. PMC 6829910. PMID 30664770.[non-primary source needed]
  18. ^ Collins, K. A.; Mendelsohn, A.; Cain, C. K.; Schiller, D. (29 October 2014). "Taking Action in the Face of Threat: Neural Synchronization Predicts Adaptive Coping". Journal of Neuroscience. 34 (44): 14733–14738. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2152-14.2014. PMC 4212070. PMID 25355225.[non-primary source needed]
  19. ^ a b Haubrich, Josue; Nader, Karim (2016). "Memory Reconsolidation". Behavioral Neuroscience of Learning and Memory. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. Vol. 37. pp. 151–176. doi:10.1007/7854_2016_463. ISBN 978-3-319-78755-8. PMID 27885549.
  20. ^ Nader, Karim; Schafe, Glenn E.; Le Doux, Joseph E. (17 August 2000). "Fear memories require protein synthesis in the amygdala for reconsolidation after retrieval". Nature. 406 (6797): 722–726. Bibcode:2000Natur.406..722N. doi:10.1038/35021052. PMID 10963596. S2CID 4420637.
  21. ^ Walker, Matthew P.; Brakefield, Tiffany; Allan Hobson, J.; Stickgold, Robert (October 2003). "Dissociable stages of human memory consolidation and reconsolidation". Nature. 425 (6958): 616–620. Bibcode:2003Natur.425..616W. doi:10.1038/nature01930. PMID 14534587. S2CID 4431941.
  22. ^ Hupbach, A.; Gomez, R.; Hardt, O.; Nadel, L. (3 January 2007). "Reconsolidation of episodic memories: A subtle reminder triggers integration of new information". Learning & Memory. 14 (1–2): 47–53. doi:10.1101/lm.365707. PMC 1838545. PMID 17202429.
  23. ^ Monfils, M.-H.; Cowansage, K. K.; Klann, E.; LeDoux, J. E. (1 April 2009). "Extinction-Reconsolidation Boundaries: Key to Persistent Attenuation of Fear Memories". Science. 324 (5929): 951–955. Bibcode:2009Sci...324..951M. doi:10.1126/science.1167975. PMC 3625935. PMID 19342552.
  24. ^ Schiller, Daniela; Monfils, Marie-H.; Raio, Candace M.; Johnson, David C.; LeDoux, Joseph E.; Phelps, Elizabeth A. (9 December 2009). "Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms". Nature. 463 (7277): 49–53. doi:10.1038/nature08637. PMC 3640262. PMID 20010606.[non-primary source needed]
  25. ^ Chalkia, Anastasia; Schroyens, Natalie; Leng, Lu; Vanhasbroeck, Niels; Zenses, Ann-Kathrin; Van Oudenhove, Lukas; Beckers, Tom (2020-08-01). "No persistent attenuation of fear memories in humans: A registered replication of the reactivation-extinction effect". Cortex. 129: 496–509. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.017. ISSN 0010-9452. PMC 7115861. PMID 32580869.
  26. ^ Chalkia, Anastasia; Van Oudenhove, Lukas; Beckers, Tom (2020-08-01). "Preventing the return of fear in humans using reconsolidation update mechanisms: A verification report of Schiller et al. (2010)". Cortex. 129: 510–525. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.031. ISSN 0010-9452. PMC 7115860. PMID 32563517.
  27. ^ McIntosh, Robert D.; Chambers, Christopher D. (2020-08-01). "The three R's of scientific integrity: Replicability, reproducibility, and robustness". Cortex. 129: A4–A7. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.04.019. ISSN 0010-9452. PMID 32563515. S2CID 219943250.
  28. ^ a b c Schiller, Daniela; Ledoux, Joseph E.; Phelps, Elizabeth A. "Reply to Beckers, McIntosh and Chambers on the verification of 'preventing the return of fear using retrieval-extinction in humans'". psyarxiv.com. doi:10.31234/osf.io/jn6uw. S2CID 236798278. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
  29. ^ Rao-Ruiz, Priyanka; Rotaru, Diana C; van der Loo, Rolinka J; Mansvelder, Huibert D; Stiedl, Oliver; Smit, August B; Spijker, Sabine (11 September 2011). "Retrieval-specific endocytosis of GluA2-AMPARs underlies adaptive reconsolidation of contextual fear" (PDF). Nature Neuroscience. 14 (10): 1302–1308. doi:10.1038/nn.2907. PMID 21909089. S2CID 7756062.
  30. ^ Escosteguy-Neto, Joao Carlos; Varela, Patricia; Correa-Neto, Nelson Francisco; Coelho, Laura Segismundo; Onaivi, Emmanuel S.; Santos-Junior, Jair Guilherme (April 2016). "Reconsolidation and update of morphine-associated contextual memory in mice". Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 130: 194–201. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.02.015. PMID 26948121. S2CID 41113005.
  31. ^ Clem, R. L.; Huganir, R. L. (28 October 2010). "Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptor Dynamics Mediate Fear Memory Erasure". Science. 330 (6007): 1108–1112. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1108C. doi:10.1126/science.1195298. PMC 3001394. PMID 21030604.
  32. ^ Gräff, Johannes; Joseph, Nadine F.; Horn, Meryl E.; Samiei, Alireza; Meng, Jia; Seo, Jinsoo; Rei, Damien; Bero, Adam W.; Phan, Trongha X.; Wagner, Florence; Holson, Edward; Xu, Jinbin; Sun, Jianjun; Neve, Rachael L.; Mach, Robert H.; Haggarty, Stephen J.; Tsai, Li-Huei (January 2014). "Epigenetic Priming of Memory Updating during Reconsolidation to Attenuate Remote Fear Memories". Cell. 156 (1–2): 261–276. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.020. PMC 3986862. PMID 24439381.
  33. ^ Cofresí, Roberto U.; Lewis, Suzanne M.; Chaudhri, Nadia; Lee, Hongjoo J.; Monfils, Marie-H.; Gonzales, Rueben A. (March 2017). "Postretrieval Extinction Attenuates Alcohol Cue Reactivity in Rats". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 41 (3): 608–617. doi:10.1111/acer.13323. PMC 5332343. PMID 28169439.
  34. ^ Lee, Hongjoo J.; Haberman, Rebecca P.; Roquet, Rheall F.; Monfils, Marie-H. (22 January 2016). "Extinction and Retrieval + Extinction of Conditioned Fear Differentially Activate Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala in Rats". Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 9: 369. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00369. PMC 4722140. PMID 26834596.
  35. ^ Tedesco, Vincenzo; Roquet, Rheall F.; DeMis, John; Chiamulera, Cristiano; Monfils, Marie-H. (November 2014). "Extinction, applied after retrieval of auditory fear memory, selectively increases zinc-finger protein 268 and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 expression in prefrontal cortex and lateral amygdala". Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. 115: 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.08.015. PMID 25196703.
  36. ^ Auchter, Allison; Cormack, Lawrence K.; Niv, Yael; Gonzalez-Lima, Francisco; Monfils, Marie H. (24 January 2017). "Reconsolidation-Extinction Interactions in Fear Memory Attenuation: The Role of Inter-Trial Interval Variability". Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 11: 2. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00002. PMC 5258753. PMID 28174526.
  37. ^ Auchter, Allison M.; Shumake, Jason; Gonzalez-Lima, Francisco; Monfils, Marie H. (11 April 2017). "Preventing the return of fear using reconsolidation updating and methylene blue is differentially dependent on extinction learning". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 46071. Bibcode:2017NatSR...746071A. doi:10.1038/srep46071. PMC 5387397. PMID 28397861.
  38. ^ Flavell, Charlotte R.; Barber, David J.; Lee, Jonathan L.C. (18 October 2011). "Behavioural memory reconsolidation of food and fear memories". Nature Communications. 2 (1): 504. Bibcode:2011NatCo...2..504F. doi:10.1038/ncomms1515. PMC 3516828. PMID 22009036.
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  41. ^ Olshavsky, Megan E.; Song, Bryan J.; Powell, Daniel J.; Jones, Carolyn E.; Monfils, Marie-H.; Lee, Hongjoo J. (2013). "Updating appetitive memory during reconsolidation window: critical role of cue-directed behavior and amygdala central nucleus". Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 7: 186. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00186. PMC 3856395. PMID 24367304.
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