Costa's minimal surface

Costa's minimal surface, cropped by a sphere

STL model of the surface

In mathematics, Costa's minimal surface, is an embedded minimal surface discovered in 1982 by the Brazilian mathematician Celso José da Costa. It is also a surface of finite topology, which means that it can be formed by puncturing a compact surface. Topologically, it is a thrice-punctured torus.

Until its discovery, the plane, helicoid and the catenoid were believed to be the only embedded minimal surfaces that could be formed by puncturing a compact surface. The Costa surface evolves from a torus, which is deformed until the planar end becomes catenoidal. Defining these surfaces on rectangular tori of arbitrary dimensions yields the Costa surface. Its discovery triggered research and discovery into several new surfaces and open conjectures in topology.

The Costa surface can be described using the Weierstrass zeta and the Weierstrass elliptic functions.

References

• Costa, Celso José da (1982). Imersões mínimas completas em $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$ de gênero um e curvatura total finita [Complete minimal immersions in ℝ³ of genus one and finite total curvature] (PhD thesis) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: IMPA.
• Costa, Celso José da (March 1984). "Example of a complete minimal immersion in ℝ³ of genus one and three embedded ends" (PDF). Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Matemática. 15 (1–2): 47–54. doi:10.1007/BF02584707.
• Weisstein, Eric W. "Costa Minimal Surface". MathWorld.