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Comparison of software and protocols for distributed social networking

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Distributed social network projects generally develop software, protocols, or both.

Projects

[edit]
Project Name Features Software Type Programming Language License Protocols Privacy Support (name specific technologies used) Federation (with other applications or services) Instances Maturity
AT Protocol[1] Modular, microservice-oriented protocol architecture server TypeScript[2] Dual (MIT, Apache 2.0) AT Protocol No (Planned)[3] Yes[4] Primarily Bluesky beta
diaspora* Status messages, blogging, photo sharing, privacy enhanced server[5] Ruby AGPLv3 Diaspora,[6] Salmon[7] Yes, through "aspects" Yes, own federation protocol[8] 232 'nodes/pods' listed on The-Federation.info[9] stable 0.7.12.0[10]
Friendica[11] Rich profiles, networking groups, community/group/celebrity pages, richtext status (not specifically length limited), photo albums, YouTube share, location, like/dislike, multiple profiles w/assignment to specific friends, single sign on to post directly to friend's profiles on co-operating systems. Communications encryption. Fans and one-way relationships. Local and global directory services. Ability to restrict connection endpoints. server[12] PHP AGPLv3[13] ActivityPub, OStatus,[14] Diaspora, OpenID, DFRN,[15] extensive Friendica, Diaspora, GNU-Social, Mastodon, email, RSS feeds via native protocol support. Pump.io, Libertree, Twitter, Wordpress and Tumblr via connectors and/or third party services. more than 113 servers according to external statistics,[16] more than 300 servers in total according to internal federation statistics. stable
GNU social[17] microblogging server[18] (formerly known as StatusNet) PHP AGPLv3 OStatus,[19] OpenID, partial Diaspora support ? Yes Around 200 servers [20] stable[21]
Hubzilla decentralised identity and community platform, also provides blogs, rich social networking, cloud storage and internet-scale access control/privacy server PHP, Javascript MIT ActivityPub,[22] diaspora,[22] OStatus,[22] Zot,[23] Zot6[24] Extensive via external connectors 279[25] stable
Mastodon microblogging server Ruby on Rails, React.js AGPLv3 ActivityPub Yes Yes Around 18,400 servers[26] stable
Minds Free, open source, decentralized, and based on a foundation of transparency and privacy server,[27] front,[28] mobile app[29] PHP[27][30] AGPLv3[31] OpenSSL, RabbitMQ[32] Yes[33] Yes[34] [1] beta
Misskey[35][36] Microblogging social-network server, web-client Node.js, Typescript / JavaScript AGPLv3 ActivityPub Yes Yes, nodes supporting ActivityPub More than 700 instances[37][38] stable
Movim XMPP client + Microblogging server and webclient PHP AGPLv3 XMPP Yes XMPP 16 'pods'[39] stable
Mobilizon Events & Communities (similar to Meetup.com), Groups, shared folders, Account Not Required (to search events), Multiple Profiles, anti-addiction-by-design (Saving Your Attention {"…not a social media, nor a hobby: it is a tool…"})} Server and…?[40] Phoenix (web framework) / Elixir (programming language), and Vue.js for UI/front-end AGPLv3 ActivityPub[41] Yes (but needs to be looked up to add here) ActivityPub 83 'instances' listed on the site[42] stable 3.1.3[43]
Nostr Open protocol that enables global, decentralized, and censorship-resistant social media. Servers (relays) and clients Multiple implementations Public Domain Nostr Yes ActivityPub & Minds Hundreds of relays stable
Peergos[44] P2P storage, social network, and application protocol p2p, server, web-client Java, Go, Javascript AGPLv3 libp2p, bitswap Yes (E2EE) Yes, via libp2p stable
Pleroma[45] Microblogging social-network server, web-client Elixir (programming language) AGPLv3 ActivityPub, Gopher[46] Yes Yes, ActivityPub Over 500 instances[47] stable
Plume[48] Federated blogging engine server, web-client Rust (programming language) AGPLv3 ActivityPub Yes Yes, nodes supporting ActivityPub Around 12 instances[49] stable/beta (0.2.0 not released yet)
pump.io stream server supporting social networking capabilities server, clients Node.js, JavaScript Apache 2.0 pump.io API[50] Yes Yes 72,[51] including Identi.ca stable
Retroshare Private messaging and VoIP, group chats, distributed forums, file transfers client-server,[52] web interface Qt, C++ Various Open Source licenses (with some exceptions)[53] DHT, GPG, OpenSSL Yes Just with apps based on the same API stable
Libervia (formerly "Salut à Toi")[54][55] multi-frontends, microblogging, group microblogging, file sharing, games, XMPP client XMPP client (multi-frontends), web server, SMTP/IMAP server Python, C++ AGPL XMPP, and ActivityPub in beta as of 2022.[56] through XMPP groups, presence authorisation XMPP native federation demo[57] alpha
Secure Scuttlebutt social networking, messaging, games, development tools client-server,[58] applications[59] JavaScript (reference implementation) Various FLOSS licenses Secret Handshake,[60] Scuttlebutt Protocol[61] End-to-end encryption for private messages. Peer-to-peer network. Limited outside syndication. stable
Socialhome[62] Microblogging, blogging, rich-text federated profiles, home page builder. Server Python, JavaScript AGPL Diaspora, ActivityPub Yes Socialhome.network

Other servers findable from The-Federation.info

alpha
Sone[63] microblogging, media library, decentralized spam protection P2P client, web interface Java, Javascript GPL Freenet Yes, Multiple Anonymous Identities, private messages via the Freemail plugin with Forward secrecy Partial, Sone messages can be read from the FMS Forum system beta
twtxt[64] microblogging Terminal Python (reference implementation) MIT (reference implementation) HTTP(S), REST No ? Approximately 100[65] alpha


Dead or stalled projects

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Project Name Features Software Type Programming Language License Protocols Privacy Support Federation (with other applications or services) Instances Maturity
6d[66] (Dead Project) Blog, media library, addressbook, themeable, private messaging server[67] PHP MIT HTTP + REST, microformats[68] Addressbook to send posts to either individuals or groups. not yet demo[69]
5 total 		alpha
Aether Peer-to-peer, ephemeral, self-governing public communities with auditable and democratic moderation.[70] P2P client Go, JavaScript[71] AGPLv3[72] Mim[73] Yes stable, no commit or post since 2021
Appleseed[74] Photos, Journals, Messaging, Groups, Privacy controls, Status Updates, Newsfeeds server[75] PHP GPLv2 QuickSocial[76] Friend circles used to categorize friends and restrict/allow access Internally, others easily added (plugin architecture) Appleseed[77] Approximately 120 total cancelled project
Buddycloud[78][79] Personal and topic channels, Buddycloud directory, channel search, channel recommender, media server, friend-finder, mobile and email push service, location, messaging server,[80] client[81] JavaScript, NodeJS, Java Apache 2.0 XMPP,[79] Buddycloud Protocol,[82] Atom,[83] Activity Streams,[84] Location Query[clarification needed] Yes Yes Domains running buddycloud: 90[85] last update 2015
Cunity[86] Friends, Photo Album, Filesharing, Messaging, Pinboard, Newsfeed, Memberlist, Forum, Connecting Cunities server,[86] client[86] PHP, Javascript, AJAX, JQuery AGPLv3 HTTP, P2P Yes Connecting P2P Hosted on your own webspace beta (v1.0)
Diaspora X2[87] (Dead Project) client[88] using buddycloud for federation XMPP, buddycloud channels,[89] Activity Streams[87] ? ? Diaspora X2[90] ?
Diatum[91] Supports contact and social media apps server,[92] clients[93][94] Java, Typescript Apache 2.0 CoreDB[95] Yes Yes no commit since 2021, main repository removed, alpha 0.01[96]
DiSo Project[97] WordPress plugins[98] microformats (XFN, hCard, XOXO), OpenID, OAuth, XMPP[97] ? ? ?
Distributed Social Networking Protocol[99] DSNPd (server daemon), ChoiceSocial (web interface)[99] Distributed Social Networking Protocol[99][100] ? ? Friends in Feed, ChoiceSocial.net, DistribSocial.net beta (v0.6)
Friend2Friend[101] Strong encryption, XML for all data exchange, Data is digitally signed LGPL Connect to known individuals. ? alpha (updated: 2009)
Jappix[102] XMPP client + Microblogging server, web client AGPL XMPP Excellent: based on presence authorizations ? demo[103] stable
Knowee[104] OpenID Signup, Activity Stream import and export, contact import from Web 2.0 services via XFN and FOAF, automatically updated address book from remote data sources, consolidated profile with RDF/FOAF export, personal SPARQL API server[105] PHP[105] W3C OpenID, FOAF ? ? alpha
Kopal[106] OpenID Core, multiple profiles server[107] Ruby MIT OpenID, Kopal Connect protocol,[108] Kopal Feed microformat[109] ? ? alpha
Kune[110] real-time collaborative edition, XMPP chat, groups, calendar, lists, tasks, blogs, Apache Wave inbox (modern email), wave extensions (gadgets, robots), public webpages, profiles, galleries (photos, videos), maps, federation, usability server, integrates Apache Wave Java-based GWT (generates AJAX) AGPLv3 XMPP, Wave Federation Protocol Excellent Total federation/interoperability with other Kune installations and Apache Wave accounts. XMPP chat interoperable with other XMPP-compliant kune.cc,[111] demo,[112] 3 in total stable (updated: 2017)
Libertree[113] Social network server and webclient Ruby AGPLv3 No 3 beta (updated: 2015)
Lorea[114] Profiles, microblogging, streams, groups, plugins, group mailing lists, tasks, calendar, subgroups, tagclouds Elgg,[115] plugins[116] GPL OpenID, Activity Streams, PubSubHubbub, WebID. Working on: OStatus[115] (60% production), XMPP/psyc (50% development), rdf+sparql (10% development) Excellent Supported through plugin. 5: project's group[117] stable (seems dead by 2016-12-28)
Mr. Privacy[118] SMTP, IMAP Yes Yes ?
Multichan [119] Anonymous textboard / imageboard network[120] server, webclient Python Public domain Multichan, Atom Yes Yes 5-10 instances[121] paused on 2021-07-01, alpha 1.7[119]
Newebe[122] one user = one node; microblogging, picture sharing, activity stream server, web client Python / Coffeescript AGPL HTTP, REST API alpha (updated: 2016)
NoseRub[123] sample server[124] NoseRub protocol / WebID[125] ? ? demo[126] ?
Numaverse[127] Microblogging P2P app "MIT"[128] Ethereum, IPFS, ActivityPub planned but never completed Alpha, no commits since April 2018
OneSocialWeb[129] Microblogging Openfire plugin, clients[130] Java Apache 2 XMPP, XMPP extensions[131] Yes Yes alpha
OpenAutonomy[132] Micro-blogging, RSS aggregation, Cloud storage server,[133] web client,[133] non-web applications,[134] PHP (server), Javascript (web client), Java (native applications) MIT OpenAutonomy, XML-RPC Trusted user list and fine-grained trusted sub-groups All components intrinsically federated 4 known stable (r210)[133] (updated: 2015)
OpenLink Data Spaces (ODS)[135] Profile Management, Blogs, Wikis, Address Books, Calendars, Feed Aggregation, Discussion Forums (includes NNTP support), File Servers (WebDAV based Briefcase). Dual (Commercial and GPL for Open Source Edition) WebID, WebFinger, OpenID, OAuth, HTTP, SPARQL, Atom Publishing, PubSubHubbub, Semantic Pingback, OpenSocial, Social Graph API, Portable Contacts, more. WebID and others Yes id.myopenlink.net[136] among others stable (updated: 2016)
OpenMicroBlogger User-toggleable "apps" to add/remove functionality. RSSCloud and partial OStatus (PubSubHubbub) federation as well as Open Microblogging 0.1. Local follow/unfollow. Facebook, Twitter, Flickr integration. (partial) Twitter API support. Fully Restful design, user interface consumes Rest API. MIT Open Microblogging 0.1, RSSCloud, (partial) OStatus (PubSubHubbub) Yes Yes alpha
Osada social network, microblogging server PHP, JavaScript Zot/6, ActivityPub Extensive Everyone connected to ActivityPub ? unmaintained
Project Danube 1) Sharing personal data with companies/organizations
2) Sharing personal data with "friends"
3) Use of personal data for "personal applications" 		TBD, likely Eclipse or Apache OStatus, OAuth 2.0, WebFinger, hCard, Portable Contacts, XRI, XDI, PubSubHubbub, Salmon ? StatusNet and Cliqset, among others alpha
Project Nori OStatus, OAuth, Portable Contacts, WebFinger, and other open protocols ? Yes alpha
psyced profiles, chat, microblogging server, clients optional LPC[137] GPLv2
MIT[138] 		PSYC, XMPP, IRC, TELNET, HTTP, Applet, SMTP, WAP, RSS OTR, friends-only functions and profile, secret chatrooms, presence, tor integration PSYC and XMPP 5 public known ones in 2016[139] stable (updated: 2016)
postActiv microblogging server, web client PHP, Javascript OStatus, ActivityPub and Zot support proposed but never implemented homepage and code forge went offline late 2019
Prismo[140] link sharing server, web client Ruby AGPL v3 ActivityPub No commits since May 2019
Safebook[141] GPL Extensive, including communication untraceability ? demo[142] beta[143]
SMOB microblogging FOAF ? ? unmaintained
Social-Igniter[144] friends, places, status, comments, modular apps (messages, blog, cart, media), themes, mobile themes, 3rd party integration (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube), editable widgets, server GPL Webfinger, PubSubHubbub, OpenID, OAuth, Activity Streams Yes Yes 3 alpha
SocialRiver[145] GPL
AGPL 		OStatus,[146] OpenID, will add support for OAuth Private Messaging, Privacy Controls Yes ?
SocialZE[147] server, web client OSMP (Open Social Message Protocol) Yes ? alpha
Sonic[148][149][citation needed] Federation protocol for OSN services API, SDK PHP / JSON MIT Yes beta (updated: 2018)
Synology applications package Chat, Photo Album Filesharing, Calendar, Video player, office suit, Notes, Mailserver Server and (mobile) clients ? Proprietary JumpChat, Appear.in, AD/LDAP Yes No Stable, some beta
Tent[150] Profiles, Developer-extensible Post and Profile Types, Data Import, Groups, Privacy Controls, Content versioning server,[151] clients[152] Ruby (reference implementations) MIT (reference implementation) Tent, HTTPS Yes Granular permissions (Access Control Lists for all content) Yes Tent.is alpha (0.2)
Thimbl[153] microblogging Finger, SSH ? Planned for future alpha
Twister[154] microblogging P2P client, web interface C++, Javascript MIT and BSD Bitcoin, Torrent, DHT Yes End-to-end encryption for private messages not yet beta, abandoned by author in 2020, no issues closed or commits since 2022
Zap social network, microblogging, cloud storage server PHP, JavaScript MIT Zot/6, ActivityPub Extensive Yes ? stable, repository deleted[155]

Other federated communication or storage solutions

[edit]
Project Name Features Software Type Programming Language License Protocols Privacy Support Federation (with other applications or services) Instances Maturity
Element FOSS Chat with strong encryption Web client, desktop app, android app, ios app JavaScript, ObjectiveC, Swift, Java, Kotlin Apache License 2.0 Matrix protocol Yes. e2ee in Personal message by default. e2ee must be enabled for group chat Freenode, snoonet, gitter, OFTC. Can bridge to many other services 2117 matrix nodes[156] stable
Lemmy Social news or internet forum (like Reddit) server and webclient Rust, Actix, Diesel, Inferno, Typescript[157] AGPLv3 ActivityPub Development not yet complete, more privacy options are likely to be implemented. Yes lemmy.ml and more stable
Nextcloud online storage, data synchronization, file encryption, calendar, task scheduler, address book, media streaming, content sharing, bookmarking, photo gallery, video viewer, RSS/Atom feed reader, drawing, polls, markdown editing, Collabora office suite, mind mapping, notes, PDF viewer, 2FA, custom terms of service, maps, and many more server, client, web client, mobile apps PHP, JavaScript GNU AGPLv3 WebDAV, HTTP, OAuth, OpenID Yes Yes service providers stable
ownCloud online storage, data synchronization, file encryption, calendar, task scheduler, address book, media streaming, content sharing, bookmarking, photo gallery, video viewer, RSS/Atom feed reader server, client, web-client PHP, JavaScript AGPLv3 WebDAV, Federated Cloud Sharing API,[158] Open Collaboration Services Yes Yes service providers[159] stable
SparkleShare[160] Collaboration and sharing tool inspired by Dropbox Python (Nautilus plugin), C# (rest) GPLv3 SSH Yes, encryption option planned alpha

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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