Commission of Four
The Commission of Four (Indonesian: Komisi Empat or Komisi IV) was an Indonesian anti-corruption commission which existed from January to July 1970. Created by President Suharto following student protests, it was tasked with reviewing policies and providing recommendations to the government.[1] The commission consisted of four members — Wilopo (who concurrently served as chairman), I. J. Kasimo, Herman Johannes, and Anwar Tjokroaminoto — as well as a secretary and an advisor, namely Sutopo Juwono and Mohammad Hatta respectively.[2]
Among the cases it investigated, the commission highlighted the case of Pertamina, the state-owned oil company, and its head, Ibnu Sutowo, along with other state-owned companies such as that of Telkom. After six months of work, the Commission of Four submitted its report and was dissolved by Suharto.[3] However, the commission's report was leaked to Sinar Harapan a few days after it was submitted.[2] Input from the commission was not taken seriously, resulting in the bankruptcy of Pertamina in the mid-1970s due to corruption and mismanagement.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Firdausi, Fadrik Aziz (18 April 2017). "Jatuh Bangun Lembaga Pemberantasan Korupsi" [The Rise and Fall of Anti-Corruption Institutions]. historia.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b Hanggoro, Hendaru Tri (11 December 2018). "Pemberantasan Korupsi Setengah Hati Rezim Orde Baru" [Half-Hearted Corruption Eradication of the New Order Regime]. historia.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Hanggoro, Hendaru Tri (31 December 2018). "Empat Kasus Korupsi Besar pada Awal Orde Baru" [Four Big Corruption Cases during the Early New Order]. historia.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Matanasi, Petrik (11 October 2021). "Coba-Coba Memberantas Korupsi di Era Orba Lewat Komisi Empat" [Attempts at Eradicating Corruption in the New Order Era through the Commission of Four]. tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
Further reading
[edit]- Mackie, J. A. C. (1970). "The Commission of Four Report on Corruption". Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies. 6 (3): 87–101. doi:10.1080/00074917012331331728. ISSN 0007-4918.
- Smith, Theodore M. (1971). "Corruption, Tradition and Change". Indonesia (11): 21–40. doi:10.2307/3350742. hdl:1813/53510. ISSN 0019-7289.