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Combat of Navas de Membrillo

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Combat of Navas de Membrillo
Part of the Peninsular War
Date29 December 1811
Location
Near Mérida, Spain
38°54′N 6°20′W / 38.900°N 6.333°W / 38.900; -6.333
Result French victory
Belligerents
First French Empire French Empire United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
First French Empire Captain Neveux United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Rowland Hill
Strength
c. 400 Unknown
Casualties and losses
11 killed, wounded or captured 39–40 killed, wounded or captured
Peninsular War
Castile 1811–13
Map
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200km
125miles
20
Battle of Tordesillas (1812) at Tordesillas, from 25 to 29 October 1812
19
Battle of Venta del Pozo at Villodrigo, on 23 October 1812
Burgos
18
Siege of Burgos at Burgos, from 19 September to 21 October 1812
17
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16
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Salamanca
15
Battle of Salamanca at Salamanca, on 22 July 1812
Astorga
14
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13
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12
Battle of Almaraz at Almaraz, from 18 to 19 May 1812
11
Battle of Villagarcia at Villagarcia, on 11 April 1812
Ciudad Rodrigo
10
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812) at Ciudad Rodrigo, from 7 to 20 January 1812
Membrillo
9
8
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7
Battle of Cogorderos at Cogorderos, on 23 June 1811
Arlabán
6
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5
Battle of Usagre at Usagre, on 25 May 1811
Albuera
4
Battle of Albuera at Albuera, on 16 May 1811
3
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2
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Badajoz
1
First siege of Badajoz (1811) from 26 January 1811 to 11 March 1811 Second siege of Badajoz (1811) from 22 April to 12 May 1811 from 19 May to 10 June 1811 Siege of Badajoz (1812) from 16 March to 6 April 1812
  current battle

The combat of Navas de Membrillo took place on 29 December 1811 near Mérida, Spain, and saw the British light cavalry of General Rowland Hill assault a small Imperial French force led by Captain Neveux. During the action, the French soldiers formed in square inflicted a sharp defeat to the British cavalrymen. This engagement is considered by historian Ian Fletcher as "one of the more disappointing cavalry episodes in the Peninsula".

Background

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On the last days of 1812, Arthur Wellesley, Viscount Wellington, commander-in-chief of the Anglo-Portuguese army, wanted to distract the French forces commanded by Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult, which were occupied by the Siege of Tarifa. Thus, he asked Major-General Rowland Hill to lead a raid against the French 5th Infantry Division of General Ludwik Mateusz Dembowski located at Mérida. Hill went to Spain with 12,000 men on December 27[1] and reached the village of La Rocca at 30 kilometers of Mérida the next day. At the same time and looking for food supplies, a small French force advanced in this direction. This force was made up of three companies of the French 88th Infantry Regiment under Captain Neveux and a detachment of hussars, for a total of around 400 men.[2]

Action

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British Light Dragoons during a charge, by Richard Knötel. The 13th Light Dragoons was present with two squadrons at the battle of Navas de Membrillo, on 29 December 1811.

On 29 December, Hill's vanguard fell on the detachment of French hussars near the village of Navas de Membrillo. The hussars quickly informed Captain Neveux who decided to retreat towards Mérida. Seeing this movement, Hill, without infantry support, ordered his cavalry to pursue and capture the fleeing French.[2]

The 2nd Hussars Regiment of the King's German Legion and two squadrons of the 13th Light Dragoons charged Neveux's troop, but the French formed a square in a wood and the attackers were put in disorder by the cork trees which protected the Imperial soldiers. Disorganized, the British light cavalry was repulsed five times by the well-directed fire of the French square. Neveux's men then managed to withdraw towards Mérida, despite the action of the British artillery which arrived on the scene at the end of the engagement.[2]

Result and analysis

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The British suffered three killed and 37 wounded: 20 casualties in each of their two regiments.[2] Another source gives 36 wounded.[1] The French had lost only two killed and nine wounded under the fire of the British artillery, and none against their cavalry. Hill was disgruntled by this setback because it deprived him of any chance of success for the rest of the expedition.[3] Nevertheless, when he was informed of Hill's approach, General Dembowski decided to evacuate Mérida and join with Marshal Soult in Andalusia. Hill occupied the city shortly after and continued to progress through Spanish territory, before he returned in Portugal.[1]

The combat of Navas de Membrillo was considered by historian Ian Fletcher, from the British point of view, "as one of the more disappointing cavalry episodes in the Peninsula". He compared this action with the combat of Barquilla (or Villar de Puerco), fight in July 1810 in similar conditions (unsuccessful cavalry charge against infantry formed in square). In the specific case of Navas de Membrillo, the good use of the ground by the French, Captain Neveux's skill and the strong discipline of his soldiers led to a British defeat, Fletcher however didn't question at all the behaviour of the British cavalrymen "who could not really have been expected to perform any better than they did".[3]

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c Rickard 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d Fletcher 1999, p. 173.
  3. ^ a b Fletcher 1999, pp. 173–174.

References

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  • Fletcher, Ian (1999). Galloping at Everything: The British Cavalry in the Peninsula and at Waterloo 1808-15. Staplehurst: Spellmount. ISBN 1-86227-016-3.
  • Rickard, J. (2008). "Combat of Navas de Membrillo, 29 December 1811". historyofwar.org. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
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