Clobenzorex
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Other names | N-(2-chlorobenzyl)amphetamine |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
|
| Identifiers | |
| |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.108 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H18ClN |
| Molar mass | 259.78 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| |
| |
| (verify) | |
Clobenzorex (marketed as Asenlix by Aventis; generic trade names include Dinintel, Finedal, Rexigen, and Itravil) is an N-substituted amphetamine salt, anorectic, and stimulant prodrug of dextroamphetamine. Within hours of ingestion, clobenzorex metabolizes into 4-hydroxyclobenzorex and d-amphetamine.[2][3]
Chemistry
[edit]Synthesis
[edit]
Condensation between amphetamine (1) and 2-chlorobenzaldehyde (2) gives a Schiff-base, CID:135056236 (3). Subsequent reduction with sodium borohydride completed the synthesis of clobenzorex (4).
Detection in urine
[edit]Clobenzorex can be detected by urine drug screening.[7] It is one of many drugs that can cause a positive result for amphetamine in urine drug screening.[8] It may be differentiated from use of amphetamine itself through testing for metabolites such as 4-hydroxyclobenzorex[9] or enantiomeric analysis.[7]
Legal Status
[edit]Brazil
[edit]In Brazil, clobenzorex is a controlled prohibited psychotropic (class A3).[10]
Canada
[edit]In Canada, clobenzorex is not specifically listed per the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.[citation needed]
Mexico
[edit]In Mexico, clobenzorex is available over the counter under trade names including Asenlix and Itravil. [7]
United Kingdom
[edit]In the United Kingdom, clobenzorex is a controlled drug (class B).[11]
United States
[edit]Clobenzorex is not scheduled under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 nor controlled under the Federal Analogue Act since it is a benzphetamine derivative. [12] It is not subject to import controls and is legal to import and possess for personal use, provided the following conditions are met:[13]
- it is used to treat a condition with no FDA-approved medications or an orphan drug does not effectively treat a condition, and the risks of use have not been determined to outweigh to benefits of treatment
- is not being deceptively and unlawfully marketed
- is part of an ongoing medical treatment plan that began in a foreign country
World Anti-Doping Agency
[edit]The use of clobenzorex is banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency for use during sports competitions as an athletic performance enhancer ("doping").[14]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
- ^ Cody JT (2005). "Amphetamines: methods of forensic analysis.". In Smith F, Athanaselis SS (eds.). Handbook of Forensic Drug Analysis. Elsevier. pp. 357–451 (430). ISBN 978-0-08-047289-8.
Amphetamine produced from the metabolism of clobenzorex has been shown to be the d-enantiomer only ...
- ^ Young R, Darmani NA, Elder EL, Dumas D, Glennon RA (February 1997). "Clobenzorex: evidence for amphetamine-like behavioral actions". Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior. 56 (2): 311–316. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00329-2. PMID 9050090. S2CID 37062225.
- ^ Boissier JR, Ratouis R, Dumont C (January 1966). "[New derivatives of phenylisopropylamine: synthesis and study of their anorexic activity]". Annales Pharmaceutiques Françaises (in French). 24 (1): 57–68. PMID 5910702.
- ^ GB 1123565, "New substituted benzylamines and their salts and process for preparation", issued 1968, assigned to Soc. Ind. Fabric. Antibiot.
- ^ Lintermans J, Benakis A, Ratouis R (July 1970). "Synthèse du chlorhydrate de (+)-N-(o-chlorobenzyl) α-methyl phénéthylamine marqué en position 7 par 14C (chlorhydrate de clobenzorex)". Journal of Labelled Compounds. 6 (3): 289–297. doi:10.1002/jlcr.2590060310.
- ^ a b c Houck MM (2018-01-02). Forensic Toxicology. Academic Press. pp. 245, 290. ISBN 978-0-12-800818-8.
- ^ Poag ME, Rubinstein M, Bernstein CA (2018-02-23). On Call Psychiatry E-Book: On Call Series. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-323-54721-5.
- ^ Cody JT, Valtier S (2001-04-01). "Amphetamine, Clobenzorex, and 4-Hydroxyclobenzorex Levels Following Multidose Administration of Clobenzorex". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 25 (3): 158–165. doi:10.1093/jat/25.3.158. ISSN 0146-4760. PMID 11327347.
- ^ Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-09-28.
- ^ "Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (c. 38): SCHEDULE 2: Controlled Drugs". Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ Boos T (April 6, 2023). "Clobenzorex Letter". Imgur. Archived from the original on July 11, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
- ^ "Is it legal for me to personally import drugs?". FDA.gov. Food and Drug Administration. 28 June 2021. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 22 July 2021.
- ^ "World Anti-Doping Code International Standard Prohibited List 2023" (PDF). World Anti-Doping Agency. September 2022.