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Chelsea, Manhattan

Coordinates: 40°44′47″N 74°00′05″W / 40.74639°N 74.00139°W / 40.74639; -74.00139
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(Redirected from Chelsea Historic District)
For other uses, see Chelsea.

Chelsea
Neighborhood of Manhattan
A Chelsea streetscape
A Chelsea streetscape
Map
Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°44′47″N 74°00′05″W / 40.74639°N 74.00139°W / 40.74639; -74.00139
Country United States
State New York
CityNew York City
BoroughManhattan
Community DistrictManhattan 4[1]
Area
 • Total
0.774 sq mi (2.00 km2)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total
69,741
 • Density66,000/sq mi (25,000/km2)
 Neighborhood tabulation area; includes Hudson Yards
Ethnicity
[2]
 • White55.7%
 • Hispanic17.2
 • Asian15.0
 • Black6.9
 • Others5.1
Economics
[2]
 • Median income$118,915
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
10001, 10011
Area code(s)212, 332, 646, and 917
Website
Chelsea Historic District
The Cushman Row, 406–418 W. 20th St., dates from 1840
LocationRoughly:
West 19th – West 23rd Streets
Eighth –Tenth Avenues[a]
Coordinates40°44′43″N 74°00′08″W / 40.74528°N 74.00222°W / 40.74528; -74.00222
Built1830
ArchitectMultiple
Architectural styleGreek Revival, Italianate, Georgian
NRHP reference No.77000954 (original)
82001190 (increase)[3]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPDecember 6, 1977 (original)
December 16, 1982 (increase)
Designated NYCLSeptember 15, 1970
February 3, 1981 (extension)

Chelsea is a neighborhood on the West Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. The area's boundaries are roughly 14th Street to the south, the Hudson River and West Street to the west, and Sixth Avenue to the east, with its northern boundary variously described as near the upper 20s[4][5] or 34th Street, the next major crosstown street to the north.[6][7] To the northwest of Chelsea is the neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen, as well as Hudson Yards; to the northeast are the Garment District and the remainder of Midtown South; to the east are NoMad and the Flatiron District; to the southwest is the Meatpacking District; and to the south and southeast are the West Village and the remainder of Greenwich Village.[8][b] Chelsea was named for an estate in the area, which in turn was named for the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London.[9]

Chelsea contains the Chelsea Historic District and its extension, which were designated by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1970 and 1981 respectively.[10] The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and expanded in 1982 to include contiguous blocks containing particularly significant examples of period architecture.

The neighborhood is primarily residential, with a mix of tenements, apartment blocks, two city housing projects, townhouses, and renovated rowhouses, but its many retail businesses reflect the ethnic and social diversity of the population. The area has a large LGBTQ population.[11] Chelsea is also known as one of the centers of the city's art world, with over 200 galleries in the neighborhood. As of 2015, due to the area's gentrification, there is a widening income gap between the wealthy living in luxury buildings and some people living in the two housing projects.

Chelsea is a part of Manhattan Community District 4 and Manhattan Community District 5, and its primary ZIP Codes are 10001 and 10011.[1] It is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.

History

[edit]

Early development

[edit]
"Chelsea", drawn by a daughter of Clement Clarke Moore

Chelsea takes its name from the estate and Georgian-style house of retired British Major Thomas Clarke, who obtained the property when he bought the farm of Jacob Somerindyck on August 16, 1750. The land was bounded by what would become 21st and 24th Streets, from the Hudson River to Eighth Avenue.[5] Clarke chose the name "Chelsea" after the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London.[9][12] Clarke passed the estate on to his daughter, Charity, who, with her husband Benjamin Moore, added land on the south of the estate, extending it to 19th Street.[5] The house was the birthplace of their son, Clement Clarke Moore, who in turn inherited the property. Moore is generally credited with writing "A Visit From St. Nicholas" and was the author of the first Greek and Hebrew lexicons printed in the United States.

In 1827, Moore gave the land of his apple orchard to the Episcopal Diocese of New York for the General Theological Seminary, which built its brownstone Gothic, tree-shaded campus south of the manor house. Despite his objections to the Commissioner's Plan of 1811, which ran the new Ninth Avenue through the middle of his estate, Moore began the development of Chelsea with the help of James N. Wells, dividing it up into lots along Ninth Avenue and selling them to well-heeled New Yorkers.[13] Covenants in the deeds of sale specified what could be built on the land – stables, manufacturing and commercial uses were forbidden – as well as architectural details of the buildings.[5] In 1829, Moore leased one of the lots to Hugh Walker who constructed what is now the oldest standing house in Chelsea, completed in 1830.[14]

Industrialization and entertainment district

[edit]

The new neighborhood thrived for three decades, with many single family homes and rowhouses, in the process expanding past the original boundaries of Clarke's estate, but an industrial zone also began to develop along the Hudson.[5] In 1847 the Hudson River Railroad laid its freight tracks up a right-of-way between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, separating Chelsea from the Hudson River waterfront. By the time of the Civil War, the area west of Ninth Avenue and below 20th Street was the location of numerous distilleries making turpentine and camphene, a lamp fuel. In addition, the huge Manhattan Gas Works complex, which converted bituminous coal into gas, was located at Ninth Avenue and 18th Street.[15]

The industrialization of western Chelsea brought immigrant populations from many countries to work in the factories,[16] including a large number of Irish immigrants, who dominated work on the Hudson River piers that lined the nearby waterfront and the truck terminals integrated with the freight railroad spur.[c] As well as the piers, warehouses and factories, the industrial area west of Tenth Avenue also included lumberyards and breweries, and tenements built to house the workers. With the immigrant population came the political domination of the neighborhood by the Tammany Hall machine,[16] as well as festering ethnic tensions: around 67 people died in a riot between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants on July 12, 1871, which took place around 24th Street and Eighth Avenue.[5][17] The social problems of the area's workers provoked John Lovejoy Elliot to form the Hudson Guild in 1897, one of the first settlement houses – private organizations designed to provide social services.

A theater district had formed in the area by 1869,[5] and soon West 23rd Street was the center of American theater, led by Pike's Opera House (1868, demolished 1960), on the northwest corner of Eighth Avenue. Chelsea was a busy entertainment district between about 1875 and 1900. Sixth Avenue contained the Ladies' Mile shopping district; music publishers opened offices in Tin Pan Alley along 28th Street; and the Tenderloin red-light district occupied the northern section of Chelsea.[18]

Early and mid-20th centuries

[edit]
London Terrace occupies the entire block bounded Ninth and Tenth Avenues and 23rd and 24th Streets.

The neighborhood was an early center for the motion picture industry before World War I. Some of Mary Pickford's first pictures were made on the top floors of an armory building at 221 West 26th Street, while other studios were located on 23rd and 21st Streets.[16]

To accommodate high freight and industrial demand, several railroads had built rail freight terminals on the Manhattan side of the Hudson River,[19]: 2–3  and many freight terminals and warehouses were built in the western part of Chelsea by the late 19th century.[20]: 5  The first of these was the Central Stores, constructed at 11th Avenue between 27th and 28th Streets in 1891.[19]: 2–3  This was followed in 1900 by the Lehigh Valley Railroad's terminal between 26th and 27th Streets, as well as the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's terminal immediately to the south, completed in the early 1910s.[19]: 2–3 [21] Freight operations on Manhattan's far west side were improved when the elevated West Side Freight Line and the West Side Elevated Highway were built in the 1930s, replacing a surface-level railroad and roadway.[19]: 2–3 

London Terrace was one of the world's largest apartment blocks when it opened in 1930, with a swimming pool, solarium, gymnasium, and doormen dressed as London bobbies. Other major housing complexes in the Chelsea area are Penn South, a 1962 cooperative housing development sponsored by the International Ladies Garment Workers' Union, and the New York City Housing Authority-built and -operated Fulton Houses and Chelsea-Elliot Houses.

The 23-story Art Deco Walker Building, which spans the block between 17th and 18th Streets just off of Seventh Avenue, was built in the early 1930s. That structure was converted in 2012 to residential apartments on the top 16 floors, with Verizon retaining the lower seven floors.[22] In the early 1940s, tons of uranium for the Manhattan Project were stored in the Baker & Williams Warehouse at 513–519 West 20th Street. The uranium was removed and a decontamination project at the site was completed during the early 1990s.[23] By the mid-20th century, the western part of Chelsea had various types of light manufacturing businesses. According to the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, these ranged "from printing shops and box companies, to milk-bottling plants and electrical wire and cable manufacturers".[20]: 23 

Late 20th century to present

[edit]

The industrial character of West Chelsea declined in the 1960s and 1970s, as industries started to relocate from Manhattan.[20]: 24  In subsequent years, the area's redevelopment was concentrated around West Chelsea,[24] and some of the old industrial structures were converted to nightclubs.[20]: 24 [18] These included Les Mouches (housed in a former Otis Elevator Company factory) and the Tunnel (housed in the Central Stores building on 11th Avenue).[20]: 24  Many LGBTQ people started moving to Chelsea in the mid-1980s, and upscale restaurants and stores began opening in the neighborhood around the same time.[25] By then, the neighborhood also contained some of New York City's "cutting-edge theaters and performance spaces" according to The New York Times.[18] By the late 1990s, West Chelsea had also begun to attract visual-arts galleries that had relocated from SoHo.[20]: 25 [26]

On September 17, 2016, there was an explosion outside a building on 23rd Street, which injured 29 people; police located and removed a second, undetonated pressure cooker bomb on 27th Street.[27][28] A suspect, Ahmad Khan Rahami, was captured two days later after a gunfight in Linden, New Jersey.[29]

By the late 2010s, the eastern part of Chelsea, which had once been largely industrial, had also attracted upscale residential development.[24]

Demographics

[edit]

For census purposes, the New York City government classifies Chelsea as part of a larger neighborhood tabulation area called Hudson Yards-Chelsea-Flat Iron-Union Square.[30] Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Hudson Yards-Chelsea-Flat Iron-Union Square was 70,150, a change of 14,311 (20.4%) from the 55,839 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 851.67 acres (344.66 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 82.4/acre (52,700/sq mi; 20,400/km2).[31] The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 65.1% (45,661) White, 5.7% (4,017) African American, 0.1% (93) Native American, 11.8% (8,267) Asian, 0% (21) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (261) from other races, and 2.3% (1,587) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.6% (10,243) of the population.[32]

The entirety of Community District 4, which comprises Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, had 122,119 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 83.1 years.[33]: 2, 20  This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[34]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [35] Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (45%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 26% are between 45 and 64, and 13% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 9% and 8% respectively.[33]: 2 

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 4 and 5 was $101,981.[36] In 2018, an estimated 11% of Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty residents (5%) were unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 41% in Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[33]: 7 

Culture

[edit]
Further information: LGBTQ culture in New York City and Chelsea Arts District

People of many different cultures live in Chelsea. Chelsea is famous for having a large LGBTQ population, with one of Chelsea's census tracts reporting that 22% of its residents were gay couples,[11] and is known for its social diversity and inclusion.[37] Eighth Avenue is a center for LGBT-oriented shopping and dining, and from 16th to 22nd Streets between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, mid-nineteenth-century brick and brownstone townhouses are still occupied, a few even restored to single family use.[38][39]

The Art Deco 80 Eighth Avenue was completed in 1929
HL23, a luxury apartment building along the High Line

The stores of Chelsea reflect the ethnic and social diversity of the area's population. The Chelsea Lofts district – the former fur and flower district – is located roughly between Sixth and Seventh Avenues from 23rd to 30th streets.[citation needed] The McBurney YMCA on West 23rd Street, commemorated in the hit Village People song Y.M.C.A., sold its home and relocated in 2002 to a new facility on 14th Street, the neighborhood's southern border.[40]

By the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Chelsea had become an alternative shopping destination, starring the likes of Barneys CO-OP — which replaced the much larger original Barneys flagship store — Comme des Garçons, Balenciaga boutiques, Alexander McQueen, Stella McCartney, and Christian Louboutin. Chelsea Market, on the ground floor of the former Nabisco Building, is a destination for food lovers. In the late 1990s, New York's visual arts community began a gradual transition away from SoHo, due to increasing rents and competition from upscale retailers for the large and airy spaces that art galleries require,[26] and the area of West Chelsea between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues and 16th and 28th Streets has become a new global centers of contemporary art, home to over 200 art galleries that are home to modern art from both upcoming and established artists.[41] Along with the art galleries, Chelsea is home to the Rubin Museum of Art, with a focus on Himalayan art; the Graffiti Research Lab and New York Live Arts, a producing and presenting organization of dance and other movement-based arts. The community, in fact, is home to many highly regarded performance venues, among them the Joyce Theater, one of the city's premier modern dance emporiums, and The Kitchen, a center for cutting-edge theatrical and visual arts.

The Rubin Museum of Art

Above 23rd Street, by the Hudson River, the neighborhood is post-industrial, featuring the elevated High Line viaduct, which follows the river all through Chelsea. The elevated rail line was the successor to the street-level freight line original built through Chelsea in 1847, which was the cause of numerous fatal accidents, so it was elevated in the early 1930s by the New York Central Railroad. It fell out of use in the 1960s through 1980 and was originally slated to be torn down, but in the early 2000s, it was redesigned and converted into a highly used aerial greenway and rails-to-trails park. [20] With a change in zoning resolution in conjunction with the development of the High Line, Chelsea experienced a new construction boom, with projects by notable architects such as Shigeru Ban, Neil Denari, Jean Nouvel, and Frank Gehry. The neighborhood was quickly gentrifying, with small businesses being replaced by big-box retailers and technology and fashion stores.[7] With this development, more wealthy residents moved in, further widening an already-existing income gap with public-housing residents. In 2015, the average yearly household income in most of Chelsea was about $140,000. On the other hand, in the area's two public-housing developments – the Chelsea-Elliot Houses, between 25th Street, Ninth Avenue, 28th Street, and Tenth Avenue; and Fulton Houses, between 16th Street, Ninth Avenue, 19th Street, and Tenth Avenue – the average income was less than $30,000.[7] At the same time, the area's Puerto Rican enclaves and rent-subsidized housing, especially in Penn South, was being replaced by high-rent studios. This resulted in large income disparities across the neighborhood; one block in particular – 25th Street between 9th and 10th Avenues – had the Elliot Houses on its north side and two million-dollar residences on its south side.[7]

The Chelsea neighborhood is served by two weekly newspapers: the Chelsea-Clinton News and Chelsea Now.[dubious – discuss]

West Chelsea refers to the western portion of Chelsea, previously known as Gasoline Alley,[42] much of which was previously a manufacturing area and has since been rezoned to allow for high-rise residential uses. It is often considered the area of Chelsea between the Hudson River to the west and Tenth Avenue to the east, a portion of which was designated a historic district in 2008.[43] A 2008 article in The New York Times showed the eastern boundary of West Chelsea as Eighth Avenue for the area between 14th and 23rd streets, Ninth Avenue between 23rd and 25th, and Tenth Avenue between 25th and 29th.[44][45]

Landmarks and places of interest

[edit]

Culinary

[edit]
Chelsea Market contains a popular food hall

The Chelsea Market, located in a restored historic Nabisco factory and headquarters, is a festival marketplace that hosts a variety of shopping and dining options, including bakeries, restaurants, a fish market, wine store, and many others.[46]

Peter McManus Cafe, a bar and restaurant on Seventh Avenue at 19th Street, is among the oldest family-owned and -operated bars in the city.

The Empire Diner was an art moderne diner at 210 Tenth Avenue at 22nd Street that appeared in several movies and was mentioned in Billy Joel's song "Great Wall of China". Designed by Fodero Dining Car Company, it was built in 1946 andwas altered in 1979 by Carl Laanes. The diner closed on May 15, 2010; reopened briefly as "The Highliner", and again re-opened under its original name in January 2014[47] before closing permanently in December 2015 due to failure to pay rent.[48]

Cultural

[edit]

Pike's Opera House was built in 1868, and bought the next year by James Fisk and Jay Gould, who renamed it the Grand Opera House. Located on the corner of Eighth Avenue and 23rd Street, it survived until 1960 as an RKO movie theater.[16]

The Irish Repertory Theatre is an Off-Broadway theatrical company on West 22nd Street producing plays by Irish and Irish-American writers.

The Joyce Theater, located in the former Elgin Theater at 175 Eighth Avenue, near 19th Street, is in a 1941 movie house that closed in 1978. The Elgin was completely renovated to create in the Joyce a venue suitable for dance, and was reopened in 1982.[49]

The Kitchen is a performance space at 512 West 19th Street. It was founded in Greenwich Village in 1971 by Steina and Woody Vasulka, taking its name from the original location, the kitchen of the Mercer Arts Center.[50]

The warehouse building at 530 West 27th Street, which was the site of The Sound Factory & Twilo,[51] as well as several other megaclubs in the 1980s and 1990s, was acquired in 2011 by the British theater company Punchdrunk, who converted it into "The McKittrick Hotel", a five-story, 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) performance space housing their immersive site-specific theatrical production, Sleep No More. The building, along with those at 532 and 542 West 27th Street, is also the location of several restaurants and event venues that relate to the themes and stories told in the hotel, such as 'Speakeasy Magick', featuring Todd Robbins, Jason Suran, and Matthew Holtzclaw.[52][53][54]

New York Live Arts is a dance organization located at 219 West 19th Street between 7th and 8th Avenues.[55]

The Rubin Museum of Art is a museum dedicated to the collection, display, and preservation of the art of the Himalayas and surrounding regions, especially that of Tibet. It is located at 150 West 17th Street between the Avenue of the Americas (Sixth Avenue) and Seventh Avenue.

InterActiveCorp headquarters on Eleventh Avenue, designed by Frank Gehry

Industrial and commercial

[edit]

Google's New York office occupies 111 Eighth Avenue, which takes up the full city block between 15th and 16th Streets and between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. The building was once Inland Terminal 1 of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.[56]

The Starrett-Lehigh Building, a huge full-block freight terminal and warehouse on West 26th Street between Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues, was built in 1930–1931 as a joint venture of the Starett real estate firm and the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Designed by Cory & Cory to enable trains to pull into the ground floor of the building, it was one of only a few American buildings included in the Museum of Modern Art's 1932 "International Style" exhibition. It was designated a New York City landmark in 1966.[10]

The Starrett–Lehigh Building with the rising skyscrapers of Hudson Yards rising in the background

The Hudson Yards rail-yard development is located at the northern edge of Chelsea, within the Hudson Yards neighborhood. The project's centerpiece is a mixed-use real estate development by Related Companies. According to its master plan, created by master planner Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, Hudson Yards is expected to consist of 16 skyscrapers containing more than 1.27×10^6 sq ft (118,000 m2) of new office, residential, and retail space. Among its components will be 6×10^6 sq ft (560,000 m2) of commercial office space, a 750,000 sq ft (70,000 m2) retail center with two levels of restaurants, cafes, markets and bars, a hotel, a cultural space, about 5,000 residences, a 750-seat school, and 14 acres (5.7 ha) of public open space. The development, located mainly above and around the West Side Yard, will create a new neighborhood that overlaps with Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen.[57]

Residential

[edit]

Hotel Chelsea, built 1883–1885 and designed by Hubert, Pirsson & Co., was New York's first cooperative apartment complex[10] and was the tallest building in the city until 1902. After the theater district migrated uptown and the neighborhood became commercialized, the residential building folded and in 1905 it was turned into a hotel.[58] The hotel attracted attention as the place where Dylan Thomas had been staying when he died in 1953 at St. Vincent's Hospital in Greenwich Village, and for the 1978 slaying of Nancy Spungen for which Sid Vicious was accused. The hotel has been the home of numerous celebrities, including Brendan Behan, Thomas Wolfe, Mark Twain, Tennessee Williams and Virgil Thomson,[10] and the subject of books, films (Chelsea Girls, 1966) and music.

An eastward facing view from the High Line. London Terrace is visible on the left.

The London Terrace apartment complex on West 23rd was one of the world's largest apartment blocks when it opened in 1930, with a swimming pool, solarium, gymnasium, and doormen dressed as London bobbies. It was designed by Farrar and Watmough. It takes its name from the fashionable mid-19th century cottages that were once located there.[16]

Penn South is a large limited-equity housing cooperative constructed in 1962 by the United Housing Foundation and financed by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. The development includes 2,820 apartments and covers six city blocks between 8th and 9th Avenue and 23rd and 29th Street. In 2012, there were 6,000 names on a waiting list of prospective residents looking to purchase a unit in the development.[59] Under the terms of agreements reached with the City of New York in 1986 and 2002, and separately with the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, Penn South's eligibility for tax abatements offered by the Mitchell-Lama Housing Program has been extended to 2052.[60]

Other

[edit]
The Chelsea Piers, New York City's primary luxury ocean liner terminal from 1910 until 1935

The Chelsea Piers were the city's primary luxury ocean liner terminal from 1910 until 1935, when the growing size of ships made the complex inadequate. The RMS Titanic was headed to Pier 60 at the piers and the RMS Carpathia brought survivors to Pier 54 in the complex, which was destroyed in 2018 although ironwork remains. The northern piers are now part of an entertainment and sports complex operated by Roland W. Betts, and the southern piers are part of Hudson River Park.[61] The Hudson River Park, designed as a joint city/state park with non-traditional uses, runs along the Hudson River waterfront from 59th Street to the Battery and comprises most of the associated piers.[62]

Chelsea Park is located between 9th and 10th Avenues, and between 27th and 28th Streets. It contains baseball diamonds, basketball courts and six handball courts.[63]

Chelsea Studios, a sound stage on 26th Street, has been operating since 1914, and numerous movies and television shows have been produced there.[64]

The Church of the Holy Apostles[65] was built in 1845–1848 to a design by Minard Lefever, with additions by Lefever in 1853–1854, and transepts by Charles Babcock added in 1858, this Italianate church was designated a New York City landmark in 1966 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is Lefever's only surviving building in Manhattan. The building, which featured an octagonal spire,[66] was burned in a serious fire in 1990, but stained glass windows by William Jay Bolton survived, and the church reopened in April 1994 after a major restoration.[10] The Episcopal parish is notable for hosting the city's largest program to feed the poor,[67] and is the second and larger home of the LGBTQ-oriented synagogue, Congregation Beth Simchat Torah.[68]

The General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church's college-like close is sometimes called "Chelsea Square". It consists of a city block of tree-shaded lawns between Ninth and Tenth Avenues and West 20th and 21st Streets. The campus is ringed by more than a dozen brick and brownstone buildings in Gothic Revival style. The oldest building on the campus dates from 1836. Most of the rest were designed as a group by architect Charles Coolidge Haight, under the guidance of the Dean, Augustus Hoffman.[69]

Police and crime

[edit]

Chelsea is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 230 West 20th Street.[70] The 10th Precinct ranked 61st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[71] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 34 per 100,000 people, Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 313 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[33]: 8 

The 10th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.8% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 19 rapes, 81 robberies, 103 felony assaults, 78 burglaries, 744 grand larcenies, and 26 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[72]

Fire safety

[edit]
FDNY EMS Station 7

Chelsea is served by two fire stations of the New York City Fire Department (FDNY).[73] Engine Company 1/Ladder Company 24 is located at 142 West 31st Street,[74] while Engine Company 3/Ladder Company 12/Battalion 7 is located at 146 West 19th Street.[75] In addition, FDNY EMS Station 7 is located at 512 West 23rd Street.

Health

[edit]

Preterm births in Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen are the same as the city average, though teenage births are less common. In Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, there were 87 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 9.9 teenage births per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[33]: 11  Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 11%, slightly less than the citywide rate of 12%.[33]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen is 0.0098 mg/m3 (9.8×10−9 oz/cu ft), more than the city average.[33]: 9  Eleven percent of Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen residents are smokers, which is less than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[33]: 13  In Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, 10% of residents are obese, 5% are diabetic, and 18% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[33]: 16  In addition, 14% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[33]: 12 

Ninety-one percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 86% of residents described their health as "good", "very good", or "excellent", more than the city's average of 78%.[33]: 13  For every supermarket in Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, there are 7 bodegas.[33]: 10 

The nearest major hospitals are Beth Israel Medical Center in Stuyvesant Town, as well as the Bellevue Hospital Center and NYU Langone Medical Center in Kips Bay.[76][77]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

[edit]
USPS maintenance facility, 11th Avenue

Chelsea is located within two primary ZIP Codes. The area north of 24th Street is in 10001 while the area south of 24th Street is in 10011.[78] The United States Postal Service operates four post offices in Chelsea:

In addition, the Centralized Parcel Post and the Morgan General Mail Facility are located at 341 9th Avenue.[83][84] The USPS also operates a vehicle maintenance facility on the block bounded by 11th Avenue, 24th Street, 12th Avenue, and 26th Street.[85] This facility has the ZIP Code 10199.[78]

Education

[edit]
The Chelsea School

Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. A majority of residents age 25 and older (78%) have a college education or higher, while 6% have less than a high school education and 17% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[33]: 6  The percentage of Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period.[86]

Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen, 16% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%.[34]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [33]: 6  Additionally, 81% of high school students in Chelsea and Hell's Kitchen graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[33]: 6 

Schools

[edit]
The Bayard Rustin Educational Complex in 1931, when it was Textile High School

There are numerous public schools in Chelsea, including PS 11, also known as the William T. Harris School; PS 33, the Chelsea School; the O. Henry School (IS 70); Liberty High School For Newcomers; Lab School; the Museum School; and the Bayard Rustin Educational Complex, which houses six small schools.

The Bayard Rustin Educational Complex was founded as Textile High School in 1930, later renamed to Straubenmuller Textile High School, then Charles Evans Hughes High School. In the 1990s, it was renamed the Bayard Rustin High School for the Humanities after civil rights activist Bayard Rustin.[87] The high school closed in 2012 after a grading scandal, but the building had already started being used as a "vertical campus" housing multiple small schools. Quest to Learn, Hudson High School of Learning Technologies, Humanities Preparatory Academy, James Baldwin School, Landmark High School, and Manhattan Business Academy are the six constituent schools in the complex.

Private schools in the neighborhood include Avenues: The World School, a K-12 school; and the Catholic Xavier High School, a secondary school.

Chelsea is also home to the Fashion Institute of Technology, a specialized SUNY unit established in 1944 that serves as a training ground for the city's fashion and design industries.[88] The School of Visual Arts, a for-profit art school,[89] and the public High School of Fashion Industries also have a presence in the design fields.

The neighborhood is also home to the General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church, the oldest seminary in the Anglican Communion.[90] The Center for Jewish History, a consortium of several national research organizations, is a unified library, exhibition, conference, lecture, and performance venue, located on 16th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.[91]

Libraries

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The Muhlenberg branch of the New York Public Library

The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates two branches in Chelsea. The Muhlenberg branch is located at 209 West 23rd Street. The three-story Carnegie library building opened in 1906 and was renovated in 2000.[92] The Andrew Heiskell Braille and Talking Book Library is located at 40 West 20th Street. The current building opened in 1990; the Library of Congress has designated the Heiskell branch as the city's "Regional Library of the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped" for Braille media and audiobooks.[93]

Transportation

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The neighborhood is served by the M7, M10, M11, M12, M14 SBS and M23 SBS New York City Bus routes. New York City Subway routes include the 1, ​2, and ​3 services on Seventh Avenue, the A, ​C, and ​E services on Eighth Avenue, and the F, <F>, and ​M services on Sixth Avenue.[94] The 34th Street – Hudson Yards station on the 7 and <7>​ trains opened in September 2015 with its main entrance in Chelsea.[95][96]

Notable people

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See also

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References

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Notes

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  1. ^ These are the boundaries of the historic district, not of the neighborhood. See NYCLPC map of Chelsea Historic District
  2. ^ Neighborhoods in New York City do not have official status, and their boundaries are not specifically set by the city. (There are a number of Community Boards, whose boundaries are officially set, but these are fairly large and generally contain a number of neighborhoods, and the neighborhood map issued by the Department of City Planning only shows the largest ones.) Because of this, the definition of where neighborhoods begin and end is subject to a variety of forces, including the efforts of real estate concerns to promote certain areas, the use of neighborhood names in media news reports, and the everyday usage of people.
  3. ^ The film On the Waterfront (1954) recreates this tough world, dramatized in Richard Rodgers' 1936 jazz ballet Slaughter on Tenth Avenue.

Citations

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  1. ^ a b "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Archived from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c "NYC Population FactFinder: Manhattan, Chelsea-Hudson Yards". New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
  3. ^ "National Register Information System – (#80001190)". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  4. ^ See:
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Regier, Hilda. "Chelsea (i)" in Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2., pp.234–235
  6. ^ See:
  7. ^ a b c d Navarro, Mireya. "In Chelsea, a Great Wealth Divide" Archived September 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, October 23, 2015. Accessed October 23, 2015. "Today's Chelsea, the swath west of Sixth Avenue between 14th and 34th Streets, could be the poster neighborhood for what Mayor Bill de Blasio calls the tale of two cities."
  8. ^ Kravitz, Derek (October 23, 2015). "Midtown South: Living Where the Action Is". WSJ. Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  9. ^ a b Clement Clarke Moore Park Archived October 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Accessed August 8, 2024. "A retired British Army officer, Captain Clarke named his property 'Chelsea' after London’s Royal Chelsea Hospital for veterans."
  10. ^ a b c d e New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1., p.70-72
  11. ^ a b Venugopal, Arun. "Census Shows Rising Numbers of Gay Couples and Dominicans in New York" Archived September 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, WNYC, July 14, 2011. Accessed September 20, 2016. "The largest numbers of same-sex couples live in a corridor of sorts, that stretches from Greenwich Village through Chelsea and into Hells Kitchen and Midtown along the west side of Manhattan. Chelsea, long known for its gay singles scene, also registered the highest proportion of same-sex couples, and, in one census tract bounded by Sixth and Eighth Avenues and 18th and 22nd streets, 22 percent of all couples were same-sex couples."
  12. ^ Janvier, Thomas Allibone (1894). In Old New York. Harper & Brothers. pp. 167–9.
  13. ^ Burrows & Wallace, p.447
  14. ^ McGeehan, Patrick. "When the Real Estate Mogul Tried to Supersize His $8 Million Brownstone", The New York Times, June 7, 2019. Accessed February 24, 2024. "A local community board had tried in vain to stop a similar expansion just seven doors away, in a home that is considered the oldest dwelling in Chelsea.... The plan for renovating the neighborhood’s oldest house, at 404 West 20th Street, sparked an even bigger outcry.... The house, which has a brick front wall and about 4,000 square feet of living space, was built in 1830 on a lot leased from Mr. Moore."
  15. ^ Johnson, Clint. "A Vast and Fiendish Plot" New York Archive (Winter 2012)
  16. ^ a b c d e Federal Writers' Project (1939). New York City Guide. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-60354-055-1. (Reprinted by Scholarly Press, 1976; often referred to as WPA Guide to New York City.), pp. 151–155
  17. ^ Burrows & Wallace, pp.1003–1008
  18. ^ a b c Yarrow, Andrew L. (October 16, 1987). "Chelsea: Where the Avant-garde Rubs Shoulders With Old New York". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  19. ^ a b c d Starrett-Lehigh Building (PDF) (Report). New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. October 7, 1986. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g Brazee, Christopher D. and Most, Jennifer L. et al. "West Chelsea Historic District Designation Report" Archived December 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (July 15, 2008)
  21. ^ Cooper, Lee E. (December 10, 1939). "New Era in Sight for Eleventh Ave.; a 'new' Eleventh Avenue Emerges as Work Nears Completion on Street and Railroad Improvements". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on March 29, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
  22. ^ Hughes, C. J. (March 8, 2012). "Dial C for Condos". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 9, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2021. One of those Verizon buildings, a 1929 tan-brick Art Deco high-rise at 212 West 18th Street in Chelsea, is being converted into luxury condominiums. The 53-unit project is called Walker Tower for its architect, Ralph Walker, who also designed several other phone company buildings.... Verizon owns Floors 2 through 7, which contain offices for about a dozen employees who will come to work through a West 17th Street entryway. Mr. Stern owns the condo that encompasses Floors 8 through 23.
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  27. ^ Simon, Mallory (September 17, 2016). "New York explosion leaves dozens injured". CNN. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
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  29. ^ Santora, Marc; Rashbaum, William K.; Baker, Al; and Goldman, Adam. "Ahmad Khan Rahami Is Arrested in Manhattan and New Jersey Bombings" Archived September 19, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, September 19, 2016. Accessed September 19, 2016. "The man who the police said sowed terror across two states, setting off bombs in Manhattan and on the Jersey Shore and touching off a furious manhunt, was tracked down on Monday morning sleeping in the dank doorway of a neighborhood bar and taken into custody after being wounded in a gun battle with officers. The frenzied end came on a rain-soaked street in Linden, N.J., four hours after the police issued an unprecedented cellphone alert to millions of people in the area telling them to be on the lookout for Ahmad Khan Rahami, 28, who was described as 'armed and dangerous.'"
  30. ^ New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Archived November 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  31. ^ Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre – New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Archived June 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  32. ^ Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin – New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010 Archived June 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Population Division – New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Clinton and Chelsea (Including Chelsea, Clinton and Hudson Yards)" (PDF). nyc.gov. NYC Health. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 23, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
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  40. ^ Geberer, Raanan. "The Original, Gilded YMCA" Archived October 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Chelsea News, September 25, 2015. Accessed October 23, 2015. "The opening shots of the official "YMCA" video, however, might confuse some current Chelsea residents. You see a huge sign, 'McBurney YMCA,' but instead of today's familiar McBurney Y on West 14th Street, you see a different building. The older building, on West 23rd Street between 7th and 8th avenues, is still there, and was the home of the McBurney Y from 1904, when it was built, until 2002, when it moved to 14th Street."
  41. ^ See:
  42. ^ Moss, Jeremiah. Vanishing New York: How a Great City Lost Its Soul. 2017, page 236.
  43. ^ "Special West Chelsea District Rezoning and High Line Open Space EIS – Chapter 7: Historic Resources" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
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  46. ^ Martinelli, Katherine. "The Factory That Oreos Built; A new owner for the New York City landmark offers a tasty opportunity to recap a crème-filled history" Archived September 25, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Smithsonian (magazine), May 21, 2018. Accessed October 2, 2019. "If walls could speak, the brick at New York's Chelsea Market would have more than a few stories to tell. Alphabet (the parent company of Google) purchased the building in March of 2018 for $2.4 billion—an earth-shattering figure even in New York City's real estate market—but this isn't a glittering, 21st-century beacon, a symbol of the ingenuity of Silicon Valley. In reality, the looming brick structure remains largely the same as it did more than a century ago, when it served as headquarters for the iconic snack company Nabisco."
  47. ^ Preston, Marguerite. "Empire Diner, Amanda Freitag's Revamp of the Retro Icon" Archived October 17, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Eater (January 7, 2014)
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  50. ^ Rachel Lee Harris (March 29, 2012). "Artists in Dialogue at the Kitchen". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
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  60. ^ History Archived September 2, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Penn South. Accessed September 1, 2017. "In April 2011 Penn South cooperators again voted in an advisory referendum to extend the contract with the City for an additional 8 years of tax abatement to 2030. In exchange, the City agreed to a package of over $25 million in financial aid to Penn South to help fund the replacement of the heating, ventilating, and air cooling system (HVAC). Most recently, to secure a $189 million refinance with HUD, Penn South shareholders voted to extend our contract for 22 additional years, through 2052."
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Bibliography

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[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chelsea, Manhattan.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chelsea.


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