Chapmans, British Columbia
Chapmans | |
|---|---|
  Location of Chapmans in British Columbia | |
| Coordinates: 49°42′59″N 121°25′04″W / 49.71639°N 121.41778°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | British Columbia |
| Region | Fraser Canyon |
| Regional District | Fraser Valley |
| Area codes | 250, 778, 236, & 672 |
| Highways |  Highway 1 |
Chapmans is a locality in the lower Fraser Canyon area of southwestern British Columbia. The place is on the east shore of the Fraser River and north of Alexandra Bridge Park.[1] The locality, on BC Highway 1, is by road about 46 kilometres (29 mi) north of Hope and 64 kilometres (40 mi) south of Lytton.
First Nations and interactions
[edit]The Nlaka'pamux and Sto:lo First Nations have inhabited the area for about 10,000 years.[2] During a mapping expedition, Alexander Caulfield Anderson visited the indigenous village of Ke-que-loose in 1847.[3] The Tikwalus Heritage Trail, beginning at this point, was used by the Nlaka’pamux for thousands of years and was part of the Hudson's Bay Brigade Trail for 11 years.[4]
In the 1870s, 59 indigenous people lived in the vicinity.[5]
Name origin
[edit]In 1858, during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush, dozens placer mined the bar, which was one of the largest and richest on the east side of the river.[6] Chapman was likely the prospector who discovered this find.[7] One speculation is that Chapman ran a nearby roadhouse at the time.[8]
Ferries and roads
[edit]In the early 1860s, a reaction ferry operated at Chapmans Bar.[9] However, this may well have been the rope ferry close to the planned bridge site.[10]
In 1862, Joseph Trutch completed the Chapmans Bar–Boston Bar leg of the Cariboo Road along the east shore. The tender contract mentioned a road toll to recover the construction costs.[11]
During construction in the early 1880s, the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) installed ferries at Chapmans Bar and Camp 13,[12] which was just south of Hells Gate.[13]
In 1964, lighting was installed within the Alexandra Tunnel on the highway north of Chapmans.[14][15] Completed that year, the tunnel is about 290 metres (950 ft) long. The cyclist-activated warning lights,[16][17] which currently require the pressing of a button,[18] may be upgraded to a camera detection system.[19]
The steamboat Skuzzy was launched in 1882 near the CP Big Tunnel (west shore opposite the Alexandra Tunnel).[20] An earlier account mentions the boat building over the previous winter near Chapmans Bar.[21] Although the specific side of the river is unclear, the general location was not far north of Chapmans.
General community
[edit]In 1858, to serve the river trail, William L. Alexander established a restaurant and store in a small log building.[6] In early 1859, Walter Moberly stayed the night in the partly constructed log cabin. At daybreak, a pig ran off with one of his boots, which he was unable to retrieve.[22]
In 1864, Louis Waigland, who had purchased 13 hectares (32 acres), built in partnership with Alexander a large, two-storey frame roadhouse. During railway construction in the 1910s, the Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR) expropriated much of the property[23] and further damaged the remnants of the wagon road northward.[24]
In earlier decades, the lodge was variously called Chapmans Bar House or Alexanders 14 Mile House.[7]
The earliest newspaper reference to the name Alexandra Lodge for the accommodation was July 1927.[25] The present lodge built about that time largely follows the architect's drawings. Differences might reflect early rebuilding as a result of a possible fire. During the 1920s to 1940s, the owners ran an upmarket establishment, for which a private hydro plant provided electricity. By the 1930s, several tourist cabins occupied the property, and a BA gas station stood north of the lodge. The weight of snow collapsed the roof of that building in the early 1990s and the ruins were burned down about 2000. The highways department moved the lodge back six feet from the road in 1952 and placed it upon a concrete foundation.[23]
Believing the building included key elements of the 1864 structure, the province assigned a heritage designation in the early 1970s, which was withdrawn a decade later after clarifying its true date. Around 1995, the lodge finally closed to guests.[23] Two small fenced cemeteries exist to the south, one with stone monuments, the other unusual iron crosses.[7]
In 2021, Shirley and Ken MacKinnon bought the 5-hectare (12-acre) property and have begun restorations. Two cabins at the front of the property are salvageable but three at the back will need to be rebuilt. The underside of the 279-square-metre (3,000 sq ft) lodge is so rotted that the structure is no longer attached to the foundation.[26]
Railway
[edit]In late May 1913, the eastward advance of the CNoR rail head reached Chapmans.[27]
The Chapmans passing track on the predominantly single-track subdivision was 0.7 kilometres (2,435 ft) in 1916,[28] progressively extending to the current 1.8 kilometres (6,040 ft)[29] at Komo, a railway point 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north, which was established around 1960.[30]
The station[31] was likely removed in the early 1980s.
| CN and Official Guide Train Timetables (Regular stop or Flag stop) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mile | 1916 | 1923 | 1927 | 1933 | 1938 | 1943 | 1947 | 1950 | 1956 | 1960 | |
| [32] | [33] | [34] | [35] | [36] | [37] | [32] | [38] | [39] | [40] | [30] | |
| Boston Bar | 2797.0 | Regular | Regular | Regular | Regular | Regular | Regular | Regular | Regular | Regular | Regular |
| Gorge (Hell's Gate) | 2804.4 | Regular | Flag | Flag | Flag | ||||||
| Chapman's | 2809.7 | Regular | Regular | Regular | Flag | Flag | Flag | ||||
| Stout | 2815.3 | Regular | Regular | Regular | Flag | Flag | Flag | ||||
| Yale | 2823.7 | Regular | Regular | Regular | Flag | Flag | Flag | ||||
Maps
[edit]- Lower Fraser Canyon maps 1832–1867.[41]
- "Standard Oil BC map". www.davidrumsey.com. 1937.
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ "Chapmans (locality)". BC Geographical Names.
- ^ Cave, P.W. (April 1987), "Fraser Canyon National Historic Park" (PDF), www.botaniecreek.com, Regional District of Fraser-Cheam, p. 29
- ^ "Ke-que-loose". bcgenesis.uvic.ca.
- ^ "Tikwalus Heritage Trail". www.bchistory.ca. December 19, 2019.
- ^ Laforet 1998, p. 26.
- ^ a b "Williams Lake Tribune". www.wltribune.com. December 4, 2021.
- ^ a b c "Prince George Citizen". pgnewspapers.pgpl.ca. April 17, 1970. p. 51.
- ^ "Chapmans Bar (bar)". BC Geographical Names.
- ^ "Daily Colonist". archive.org. June 21, 1962. p. 7.
- ^ "Omineca Herald". library.ubc.ca. December 26, 1908. p. 1.
- ^ "British Colonist". archive.org. December 15, 1862. p. 3.
- ^ Laforet 1998, p. 86.
- ^ "British Columbian". library.ubc.ca. January 4, 1882. p. 3.
- ^ "Merritt Herald". arch.tnrl.ca. July 2, 1964. p. A1.
- ^ "Minister of Highways annual report, 1964–65". library.ubc.ca. p. C66.
- ^ "The highway tunnels of BC's Fraser Canyon". explorenorthblog.com. April 11, 2015.
- ^ "British Columbia Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure Landmark Kilometre Inventory" (PDF). www2.gov.bc.ca. July 2020. p. 72 (44).
- ^ "Alexandra Tunnel". www.google.ca. September 2022.
- ^ "Agassiz-Harrison Observer". www.agassizharrisonobserver.com. February 3, 2023.
- ^ Howay, Frederic William (1914). "British Columbia from the earliest times to the present. Illustrated". library.ubc.ca. II: 619 (421).
- ^ "British Columbian". library.ubc.ca. January 21, 1882. p. 3.
- ^ Wade, F.C. (1908). Historical papers: session 1907–08. Art, Historical and Scientific Association of Vancouver, B.C. p. 28 (26) – via library.ubc.ca.
- ^ a b c "Alexandra Lodge". www.michaelkluckner.com. 2001.
- ^ Bradley, Ben (2012). By the Road: Fordism, Automobility, and Landscape Experience in the British Columbia Interior, 1920–1970. library.queensu.ca (PhD). p. 403 (393).
- ^ "Province". www.newspapers.com. July 3, 1927. p. 37.
- ^ "Abbotsford News". www.abbynews.com. January 17, 2022.
- ^ "Similkameen Star". library.ubc.ca. June 6, 1913. p. 1.
- ^ "Report of the Department of Railways, 1916". library.ubc.ca. p. 21 (D11).
- ^ "CN Yale Subdivision". www.okthepk.ca.
- ^ a b "Timetable" (PDF). streamlinermemories.info. October 30, 1960. p. 53 (TT137).
- ^ "Item 2013.6.36.1.036.20 - CNR Fraser Canyon". nbca.unbc.ca.
- ^ a b "Timetable" (PDF). streamlinermemories.info. April 28, 1943. p. 13 (TT23).
- ^ "Official Guide". timetableworld.com. March 1916. p. 635 (Main Line).
- ^ "Official Guide". timetableworld.com. October 1923. p. 1036 (TT75).
- ^ "Official Guide". timetableworld.com. January 1927. p. 1162 (TT75).
- ^ "Official Guide". timetableworld.com. March 1933. p. 1083 (TT75).
- ^ "Official Guide". timetableworld.com. September 1938. p. 1074 (TT75).
- ^ "Official Guide". timetableworld.com. April 1947. p. 1117 (TT75).
- ^ "Timetable". www.scribd.com. April 30, 1950. p. 12 (TT24).
- ^ "Timetable" (PDF). streamlinermemories.info. September 30, 1956. p. 54 (TT136).
- ^ Harris, R.C. (1982). "British Columbia Historical News: The First Alexandra Bridge". library.ubc.ca. 16 (1): 20.
References
[edit]- Laforet, Andrea Lynne (1998). Spuzzum: Fraser Canyon Histories, 1808-1939. UBC Press. ISBN 07748-0666-4.