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Cavernotettix

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Cavernotettix
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Family: Rhaphidophoridae
Subfamily: Macropathinae
Genus: Cavernotettix
Richards, 1966
Species

Cavernotettix is a genus of cave crickets in the family Rhaphidophoridae, in South-Eastern Australia and Tasmania. There are five species in the genus Cavernotettix.[1][2] The genus was first described by New Zealand entomologist Aola Richards in 1966.[3]

Cavernotettix species are mostly found in cool dark damp spaces such as limestone caves, wombat burrows and walls of old sheds.[1][4] They usually appear in cave entrances at twilight,[5] and are sensitive to temperature changes and require a high degree of humidity to survive.[6]

Morphology

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All species in the genus Cavernotettix have bodies covered by short setae. They have long and slender legs. Their antennae are very long and tapering which almost touch at their bases.[7]

The body length of Cavernotettix craggiensis is 17–18 mm (0.67–0.71 in) (males) and 17–19 mm (0.67–0.75 in) (females). It has a distinctive brown colour that extends across the body. The ventral valve of the ovipositor is armed with 8 small teeth gradually reducing in size. Fore and middle legs are sub-equal long, while hind legs are 1.9 times longer.[1]

Distribution

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Most species in the genus Cavernotettix are found on mainland Australia,[3] but two species are also found on islands in Bass Strait (between Tasmania and Australia). As cave crickets have no wings, Richards suggested that Cavernotettix was more likely to have reached Tasmania via a land bridge during Pleistocene rather than via strong winds.[6][8]

Conservation Status

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Cavernotettix craggiensis

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According to Threatened Species Protection Act 1995, Tasmania government has listed Cavernotettix craggiensis as a threatened species. Illegal collection, natural predation and climate change are threatening the population of Cavernotettix craggiensis.[9]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Richards, A. M. (1974). "Arthropoda of the subantarctic islands of New Zealand". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 1 (4): 495–499. doi:10.1080/03014223.1974.9517849.
  2. ^ "genus Cavernotettix Richards, 1966: Orthoptera Species File". orthoptera.speciesfile.org. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  3. ^ a b c d Richards, A. M. (1966). "The Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera) of Australia. Part 3. A new genus from south-eastern Australia". Pacific Insects. 8: 617–28.
  4. ^ a b Richards, Aola M. (1974). "The Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera) of Australia. PArt II. New Species from the Bass Strait Islands and Tasmania". Pacific Insects. 16 (2–3): 245–260.
  5. ^ Eberhard, S. M., Smith, G. B., Gibian, M., Smith, H. M., & Gray, M. R. (2014). "Invertebrate cave fauna of Jenolan". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 136: 35–68.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ a b Richards, A. M. (1972). "The distribution and possible origins of Tasmanian cave crickets" (PDF). Proceedings 8th National Conference, Australian Speleological Federation: 85–87.
  7. ^ Richards, A. M. (1968). "The Rhaphidophoridae (Orthoptera) of Australia. Part 6. Two new species from northern Tasmania". Pacific Insects. 10 (1): 167–176.
  8. ^ Jennings, J. (1971). "Sea level changes and land links". Aboriginal Man and Environment in Australia: 1–13.
  9. ^ a b Department of Natural Resources and Environment Tasmania (2023). "Craggy Island Cave Cricket (Cavernotettix craggiensis): Species Management Profile for Tasmania's Threatened Species". Threatened Species Section.
  10. ^ Chopard, L. (1944). "Description de deux Sténopelmatides cavernicoles d'Australie [Orth. Gryllacridae]". Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France. 49 (4): 52–55. Bibcode:1944AnSEF..49...52C. doi:10.3406/bsef.1944.15753. S2CID 222519396.