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Category membership is there to build useful navigation paths. It's never an ontological definition, and it's a mistake to rely on it as such.
Folksonomy as a neologism dates from the web 2.0 era (either 2001 or 2004, depending on whether you credit Vander Wal as its inventor).
Folksonomy as a technique relies on the mass collaboration tools that were brought into existence by web 2.0. Although it's no doubt possible to work on a folksonomy without, it restricts the ease of doing so, and particularly the size of the group involved. Card sorting and focus groups pre-date web 2.0, but they are traditionally limited to a roomful of people.