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Cass Scenic Railroad State Park

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Coordinates: 38°23′48″N 79°54′53″W / 38.39667°N 79.91472°W / 38.39667; -79.91472
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Cass Scenic Railroad State Park
Cass Scenic Railroad Heisler #6 along with Shay #11 lead a loaded log train down the former C&O Greenbrier Division mainline.
Map showing the location of Cass Scenic Railroad State Park
Map showing the location of Cass Scenic Railroad State Park
Location of Cass Scenic Railroad State Park in West Virginia
LocationPocahontas County, West Virginia, United States
Nearest townCass, West Virginia
Coordinates38°23′48″N 79°54′53″W / 38.39667°N 79.91472°W / 38.39667; -79.91472
Area940 acres (380 ha)[2]
Elevation2,438 ft (743 m)
EstablishedMarch 7, 1961[3][page needed]
Named forFormer logging railroad at Cass, West Virginia
Governing bodyWest Virginia Division of Natural Resources
Websitewvstateparks.com/park/cass-scenic-railroad-state-park/
Cass Scenic Railroad
LocationCass, West Virginia
Built1900-1960
NRHP reference No.74002019[4]
Added to NRHPJuly 12, 1974

Cass Scenic Railroad State Park is a state park and heritage railroad located in Cass, Pocahontas County, West Virginia.

It consists of the Cass Scenic Railroad, a 11-mile (18 km) long 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge heritage railway owned by the West Virginia State Rail Authority and operated by the Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad. The park also includes the former company town of Cass and a portion of the summit of Bald Knob, the highest point on Back Allegheny Mountain.

History

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Founded in 1901 by the West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company (now WestRock), Cass was built as a company town to serve the needs of the men who worked in the nearby mountains cutting spruce and hemlock for the West Virginia Spruce Lumber Company, a subsidiary of WVP&P. At one time, the sawmill at Cass was the largest double-band sawmill in the world. It processed an estimated 1.25 billion board feet (104,000,000 cu ft; 2,950,000 m3) of lumber during its lifetime. In 1901 work started on the 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge railroad, which climbs Back Allegheny Mountain. The railroad eventually reached a meadow area, now known as Whittaker Station, where a logging camp was established for the immigrants who were building the railroad. The railroad soon reached to the top of Gobblers Knob, and then a location on top of the mountain known as 'Spruce'. The railroad built a small town at that location, complete with a company store, houses, a hotel, and a doctor's office. Work soon commenced on logging the red spruce trees, which grew in the higher elevations.

The WVP&P originally had only been interested in the red spruce for the purpose of making pulp, which would be turned into paper. It was not until several years later that the company realized that the mountain held a fortune in hardwoods, such as maple, cherry, birch and oak. The company decided that it would build a mill in the town of Cass, which could process the hardwoods.

The railroad eventually extended its track to the top of Bald Knob, the third-highest mountain peak in West Virginia. The red spruce in that area was logged out, and the track was torn up in the early 1910s. The track was also extended to a valley near the town of Spruce, at a bend in the Shavers Fork of the Cheat River. The WVP&P set up a new town there, with about 30 company houses, a large company store, a school, and a pulp mill, where the red spruce trees could be processed on the spot. The new town was also named Spruce, and the former town received its current name of Old Spruce.

In June 1942, WVP&P sold the Cass operation to Mower Lumber Company, which operated the line until July 1, 1960, cutting second-growth timber off Cheat Mountain. The mill and railroad were shut down by Mower in 1960, due to the rapid decline of the timber industry in the region.

Following the 1960 closure, the rail line, land, and all equipment and rolling stock, were sold to a holding company named the Don Mower Lumber Company (no relation to the former Mower Lumber Company), and the railroad was conveyed to the Midwest Raleigh Corporation, which started to scrap the railroad and equipment. However, a group of local businessmen, led by Pennsylvania train aficionado Russell Baum, convinced the West Virginia state legislature to make the Cass Railroad a state park. In 1963, the first tourist excursion train left the Cass depot for Whittaker Station, 4 miles (6 km) north.

The railroad was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places on July 12, 1974.[5]

In 1977, the Cass Scenic Railroad State Park took possession of the entire company town of Cass and the old hardwood mill there. In 2015, the Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad assumed operation of the railroad under a lease agreement with the State of West Virginia.[6]

Current operations

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Today, visitors ride on historic converted log cars (similar to flatcars), pushed along by a powerful geared logging locomotive. Traveling on 11 miles (18 km) of standard gauge track laid in 1901 by immigrant workers, the line traverses the steep grades of Back Allegheny Mountain.

The railroad owns eight Shay locomotives, one Heisler locomotive, and one Climax locomotive, which is being restored by volunteers of the Mountain State Railroad and Logging Historical Association. The Heisler and the Climax, both made in Pennsylvania, were competition to Shay's geared locomotive design.

Three trips are available: a two-hour round trip to Whittaker Station, a five-hour round trip to the abandoned site of the ghost town of Spruce (once the coldest and highest town east of the Rockies), and a five-hour round trip to Bald Knob, the third highest point in the state.

Former company houses have been refurbished and are available for rent through Cass Scenic Railroad State Park. A small cabin on Bald Knob is also available for rent, and cabooses can be reserved for private use as well.

Town and shop tours are available daily to visitors who would like to learn more about the town and its lumber industry, and see how the rare geared locomotives are maintained by the Cass shop crew. A tour of a recreated logging camp is available at Whittaker.

2015 transfer of operations

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In October 2014, it was announced that the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources (WVDNR) was transferring their administrative responsibilities to another state agency, the West Virginia State Rail Authority (WVSRA). Under the new arrangement, the Durbin and Greenbrier Valley Railroad (D&GV) will assume day-to-day operations of the line as part of their existing contract with the WVSRA. D&GV will control scheduling of trains, staffing train excursions, and maintaining the railroad and its equipment. The takeover began in 2015.[7][8]

The WVDNR will maintain ownership of the right-of-way and equipment, as well as continue staffing and maintaining the non-railroad portions of the park, including the historic company town of Cass, the visitor's center, and the overnight cottage rentals that the park offers.[9] Listed below is a table of locomotives found at Cass and Durbin.[10]

Locomotives

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Table of Locomotives Between Cass and Durbin[10]
Cass No. Type Manufacturer Serial No. Date built Class Weight Status Notes
2 Shay Lima Locomotive Works 3320 Jul 1928 PC-13 92 short tons
(82.1 long tons; 83.5 metric tons)		 Operational In service
3 Shay Lima Locomotive Works 3142 Dec 1920 C-80-3 82 short tons
(73.2 long tons; 74.4 metric tons)		 Display Not operational
3 Climax Climax Locomotive Works - Dec 1920 B-55-2 80 short tons
(71.4 long tons; 72.6 metric tons)		 Out of Service, awaiting overhaul Awaiting 1,472-day inspection
4 Shay Lima Locomotive Works 3189 Dec 1922 C-70-3 85 short tons
(75.9 long tons; 77.1 metric tons)		 Operational In service
4 2-8-0 Baldwin Locomotive Works 59472 Sep 1926 Ks 80 short tons
(71.4 long tons; 72.6 metric tons)		 Under restoration New boiler is needed.[11] Built initially for Mexico, but bought by Buffalo Creek & Gauley.
5 Shay Lima Locomotive Works 1503 Nov 1905 C-80-3 86 short tons
(76.8 long tons; 78.0 metric tons)		 Operational WV state locomotive, oldest operational Shay
6 Heisler Heisler Locomotive Works 1591 1929 C-90-3 100 short tons
(89 long tons; 91 metric tons)		 Operational In service in Durbin, no longer kept at Cass although still owned by the State of WV
6 Shay Lima Locomotive Works 3354 May 1945 C-150-3 162 short tons
(145 long tons; 147 metric tons)		 Operational Ex-Western Maryland Railway No. 6; Cass's biggest engine, largest surviving Shay in existence, last Shay built
7 Shay Lima Locomotive Works 3131 Oct 1920 C-70-3 65 short tons
(58.0 long tons; 59.0 metric tons)		 Inoperable, stored Not operational
8 2-8-0 Baldwin Locomotive Works 24738 1904 - N/A Stored, awaiting restoration Built for West Virginia Northern.[12]
9 2-8-0 Baldwin Locomotive Works 28500 1906 - N/A Inoperable, stored Built for West Virginia Northern. Currently stored, awaiting restoration[12]
9 Climax Climax Locomotive Works 1551 1919 C-70-3 - Operational Restoration completed in September 2019.[13]
10 Shay Lima Locomotive Works 2804 Jan 1916 C-70-3 62 short tons
(55.4 long tons; 56.2 metric tons)		 Inoperable, stored Ex-Brimstone Railroad No. 36, not operational awaiting restoration
11 Shay Lima Locomotive Works 3221 Jul 1923 C-90-3 105 short tons
(94 long tons; 95 metric tons)		 Operational In service
— Shay Lima Locomotive Works 3299 Feb 1926 C-70-3 70 short tons
(62.5 long tons; 63.5 metric tons)		 Inoperable Not operational, Ex-Graham County Railway 1926. Acquired for parts.
  • Locomotives and scenery
  • Back Allegheny Mountain from Whittaker Station
    Back Allegheny Mountain from Whittaker Station
  • Cass Shay #2 at Cass Station
    Cass Shay #2 at Cass Station
  • Shay #4 and #11 pull the Bald Knob train up the mountain
    Shay #4 and #11 pull the Bald Knob train up the mountain
  • Cass Shay #4
    Cass Shay #4
  • Cass Shay #6 prepares to depart Cass in 2004
    Cass Shay #6 prepares to depart Cass in 2004
  • Shay #6 at Whittaker Station
    Shay #6 at Whittaker Station

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "Cass Scenic Railroad State Park". Protected Planet. IUCN. Archived from the original on April 30, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
  2. ^ "Facilities Grid" (PDF). West Virginia State Parks. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2009. Retrieved March 29, 2008.
  3. ^ Where People and Nature Meet: A History of the West Virginia State Parks. Charleston, West Virginia: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company. April 1988. ISBN 0-933126-91-3.
  4. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  5. ^ Harding, James E. (May 13, 1974). "Cass Scenic Railroad" (PDF). West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History. National Park Service. Retrieved November 18, 2024.
  6. ^ "Durbin & Greenbrier to Run Cass Scenic". October 24, 2014. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  7. ^ "State Rail Authority takes over Cass trains". Pocahontas Times. October 24, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  8. ^ West Virginia Division of Natural Resources. "Cass Scenic Railroad to join state-owned West Virginia Central Railroad" (Press release). Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  9. ^ Steelhammer, Rick (October 27, 2014). "Durbin & Greenbrier Valley to take over Cass railroad". The Charleston Gazette. Archived from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  10. ^ a b "Surviving Steam Locomotive Search Results". www.steamlocomotive.com. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  11. ^ "Buffalo Creek & Gauley 4". Buffalo Creek & Gauley 4. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  12. ^ a b "Locomotives". West Virginia Railroad Museum. March 23, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2022.
  13. ^ "Moore Keppel & Co. Climax No. 9". Mountain Rail WV. Retrieved October 27, 2022.

Other sources

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  • Core, Earl L.; et al. (1967). Natural History of the Cass Railroad.
  • Clarkson, Roy B. (1990). On Beyond Leatherbark: The Cass Saga. Parsons, West Virginia: McClain Printing Company.
  • Withers, Bob (August 25, 2005). "Cass railroad line to mark birthday". Archived from the original on November 19, 2005. Retrieved August 25, 2005.
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