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Carlo de' Medici

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Not to be confused with Carlo de' Medici (cardinal).
Carlo de' Medici
Portrait of Carlo de' Medici (1466) by Andrea Mantegna
Full name
Carlo di Cosimo de' Medici
Born1428 or 1430[1]
Florence, Republic of Florence
Died29 May 1492
Noble familyMedici
FatherCosimo de' Medici
MotherMaddalena

Carlo di Cosimo de' Medici (1428 or 1430 – 29 May 1492) was an Italian priest. A member of the powerful Medici family, he became a senior clergyman and collector.

Early life

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Born in Florence, he was the illegitimate son of Cosimo de' Medici (the Elder) and a slave-woman named Maddalena, who was said to have been purchased in Venice.[a]

Maddalena is noted to have been a Circassian slave bought in Venice as a "certified virgin"[13] in 1427, the Venetian slave traders being important participators in the Black Sea slave trade at the time.

It is widely accepted that Maddalena was a Circassian,[1][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] and Carlo's "intense blue eyes" and other "marked Circassian features" has been seen as a trait inherited by his Circassian mother.[23]

However, it has been once suggested [by whom?] that his mother might have been a black African, because of the apparently dusky skin depicted in Mantegna's portrait of Carlo, which however could also be due to aging of the pigments or other similar causes.[24]

Career

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His father directed him to take on a religious life. After becoming canon of the cathedral at Florence in 1450, he was appointed rector of Pieve di Santa Maria (Dicomano) in Mugello and the Pieve of San Donato di Calenzano.[24]

He became Abbot of San Salvatore at Vaiano, outside Prato. He was also Papal tax collector and nuncio in Tuscany. Carlo was dean of Prato as early as 1460.[24] A cultured man, he collected medallions.[24] He died in Florence in 1492.

Portrayals

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Depiction of Carlo in Filippo Lippi's Funeral of St. Stephen

Carlo was portrayed by Andrea Mantegna in a head-and-shoulders portrait wearing the clerical garb of a protonotary apostolic in 1466. He also appears in the funeral scene of Filippo Lippi's Stories of St. Stephen and St. John the Baptist in the Prato Cathedral, in which he is depicted standing behind the Pope. He may also be portrayed as one of the figures in Benozzo Gozzoli's paintings of the journey of the Magi in the Magi Chapel in Florence.[24]

In the historical fantasy series Da Vinci's Demons, Carlo was played by actor Ray Fearon. He is depicted as a missionary whom the cruelty of the world has made doubt the Church and its message.

He appears in seasons two and three of Medici, played by Callum Blake. His mother is played by Sarah Felberbaum in the first season.

Notes

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  1. ^ It has been suggested that Carlo's Circassian mother, who later took the name of Maddalena, was 22 years old when she was bought allegedly by Cosimo de' Medici's agent from Milan, Giovanni Portinari (c.1363–1436), at the Rialto, Venice in the summer of 1427.[1][2][3][4][5][6] Note that since the late 13th century, the Venetian and Genoese merchants and consuls established trade outposts on the Black Sea's eastern coast;[7][8] brought the Roman Catholic Church to Circassia;[9] and often concluded trade agreements with different representatives of Adyghe nobility.[citation needed] These Italian traders were also actively engaged in the trade of Circassian beauties,[10] selling Adyghe and Abkhazian slaves in the cities of Genoa and Venice.[11] Similar to Carlo, Zacharias de' Ghisolfi, the ruler of Matrega (an ancient town in present-day Krasnodar Krai, Russia), was the product of a Circassian-Genoese union.[12] Additionally, the Genoese traveler Giorgio Interiano's work La vita et sito de' Zichi, chiamiti Ciarcassi: historia notabile was among the first Italian accounts on the life and customs of Adyghes.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Bargellini, Piero [in Italian] (1980). Storia di una grande famiglia: i Medici [History of a Grand Family: The Medici] (in Italian). Florence: Casa Editrice Bonechi. p. 63.
  2. ^ Collison-Morley, Lacy (1936). The Early Medici. Dutton. p. 65.
  3. ^ Della Torre, Renato (1980). I Medici: vita e vicende familiari [The Medici: Life and Family Matters] (in Italian). L. Pugliese. p. 30.
  4. ^ von Reumont, Alfred (1876). Lorenzo de' Medici: the Magnificent, Volume 1. Smith, Elder, & Co. p. 154.
  5. ^ Hull, Mary; Macht, Norman Lee (1997). The History of Slavery. Lucent Books. p. 34.
  6. ^ Martinelli, Maurizio (1992). Al tempo di Lorenzo: viaggio nella Firenze dei Medici dal Palazzo di Via Larga al contado e nella Toscana del'400. Casa Editrice FMG. p. 25.
  7. ^ de Marigny, Edouard Taitbout (1837). Three voyages in the Black Sea to the Coast of Circassia: Including Descriptions of the Ports, and the Importance of Their Trade: With Sketches of the Manners, Customs, Religion, &c. &c. of the Circassians. J. Murrat. p. 23.
  8. ^ Minahan, James B. (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Press. p. 175.
  9. ^ Besleney, Zeynel Abidin (2014). The Circassian Diaspora in Turkey: A Political History. Routledge. p. 37.
  10. ^ Betrozov, Ruslan (2009). The Ethnic History of the Circassians. p. 202.
  11. ^ Stanziani, Alessandro (2014). Bondage: Labor and Rights in Eurasia from the Sixteenth to the Early Twentieth Centuries. Berghahn Books. p. 76.
  12. ^ Richmond, Walter (2008). The Northwest Caucasus: Past, Present, Future. Routledge.
  13. ^ Cleugh, J. (1990). The Medici: A Tale of Fifteen Generations. Storbritannien: Dorset Press. p93
  14. ^ Hare, Christopher (2008). The Most Illustrious Ladies of the Italian Renaissance. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 33.
  15. ^ Cesati, Franco (1999). The Medici: Story of a European dynasty. Mandragora. p. 28.
  16. ^ Tavole sincrone e genealogiche distoria italiana dal 306 al 1870 [Synchronous Genealogical Tables of Italian History from 306 to 1870] (in Italian). New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 2009 [First published 1875]. p. 62.
  17. ^ Pernis, Maria Grazia; Schneider Adams, Laurie (2006). Lucrezia Tornabuoni de' Medici and the Medici Family in the Fifteenth Century. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. pp. 12, 39. ISBN 0820476455. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  18. ^ Belozerskaya, Marina (2006). The Medici Giraffe and Other Tales of Exotic Animals and Power. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 9780316076425. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  19. ^ Hibbert, Christopher (1979). The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780141927145. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  20. ^ Connell, William John (2002). Society and Individual in Renaissance Florence. London: University of California Press. p. 45. ISBN 9780520232549. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  21. ^ Lucas-Dubreton, Jean (1961). Daily Life in Florence in the Time of the Medici. George Allen and Unwin. p. 105.
  22. ^ McGowan, Kathleen (2010). The Poet Prince. London: Simon & Schuster UK. ISBN 9781416545101. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
  23. ^ Parks, Tim (2005). Medici Money: Banking, Metaphysics and Art in Fifteenth-Century Florence. London: Profile Books.
  24. ^ a b c d e Fossi, Gloria (2004). Uffizi. Giunti Editore. p. 240.
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