Caragana arborescens

Caragana arborescens
	Shelter break of Caragana arborescens
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Caragana
Species:	C. arborescens
Binomial name
	Caragana arborescens; Lam.

Caragana arborescens, the Siberian peashrub,^[2] Siberian pea-tree,^[3] or caragana, is a species of legume native to Siberia and parts of China (Heilongjiang, Xinjiang) and neighboring Mongolia and Kazakhstan.^[4] It was taken to the United States by Eurasian immigrants, who used it as a food source while travelling west. In some areas of the United States it is considered an invasive species. Introduced on the Canadian prairies in the 1880's, the hardy caragana provided shelter-belts, wildlife habitat, nitrogen fixation, and windbreaks to prevent soil erosion and snow drifting.

Description

It is a perennial shrub or small tree growing 2–6 m (6 ft 7 in – 19 ft 8 in) tall.^[4] Typically, it has a moderate to fast growth rate, being able to grow one to three feet during the first year after trimming.^{[original research?]}

The leaves vary from light green to dark green, and are alternate and compound with many small leaflets. Fragrant yellow flowers bloom in May or June. The fruits are legumes which contain many seeds, and ripen in July. As the seed pods dry they have a tendency to twist and pop open, releasing the seeds.^[5]

Uses

Caragana arborescens can be grown as an ornamental plant and has been extensively used in windbreaks.^[6] It has an extensive root system, and can be used in erosion control.

The production of seeds is very large, but they are small in size and bland in flavor.^[7]^[8] The seeds are edible by humans and chickens, but should be cooked before being consumed by people.^[9]^[7] Caragana arborescens contains the non proteinogenic amino acid L-canavanine and may store from nearly 6 to 13% L-canavanine by dry weight.^[10]

It is recommended for planting in the outer rows of multi-row plantings. It can be used to neutralize soil to prepare for further planting. As a legume, C. arborescens fixes nitrogen. It is suitable for planting in single-row field windbreaks where a dense, short barrier is desired.

C. arborescens is used for nesting by several songbirds but its seeds are rarely eaten by them.^{[citation needed]} The plant is not a preferred food for browsing animals, but its fragrant flowers attract many pollen-consuming animals.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ Han, B.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Caragana arborescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147642122A147642124. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147642122A147642124.en. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
^ NRCS. "Caragana arborescens". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 10 January 2016.
^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
^ ^a ^b Yingxin Liu, Chang Zhaoyang & Gennady P. Yakovlev. "Caragana arborescens". Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
^ Kansas Forest Service: Caragana arborescens Archived February 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^ Skinner, Hugh; Williams, Sara (2004). Best Trees and Shrubs for the Prairies. Calgary, Canada: Fifth House. pp. 74–75. ISBN 978-1-894004-95-4.
^ ^a ^b "Caragana arborescens Siberian Pea Tree, Siberian peashrub". PFAF Plant Database. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
^ Facciola, Stephen (1990). Cornucopia : A Source Book of Edible Plants. Vista, California: Kampong Publications. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-9628087-0-8. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
^ Jacke, Dave; Toensmeier, Eric (2005). Edible Forest Gardens. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-890132-60-6. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
^ [Rosenthal, G.A. (1977). Nitrogen allocation for L-canavanine synthesis and its relationship to chemical defense of the seed. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 5:219-220.]

External links

[1] Han, B.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI); IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Caragana arborescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147642122A147642124. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147642122A147642124.en. Retrieved 6 October 2023.

[2] NRCS. "Caragana arborescens". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 10 January 2016.

[BSBI07-3] BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.

[eflora-4] Yingxin Liu, Chang Zhaoyang & Gennady P. Yakovlev. "Caragana arborescens". Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 4 July 2012.

[kansas-5] Kansas Forest Service: Caragana arborescens Archived February 14, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

[6] Skinner, Hugh; Williams, Sara (2004). Best Trees and Shrubs for the Prairies. Calgary, Canada: Fifth House. pp. 74–75. ISBN 978-1-894004-95-4.

[PFAF-7] "Caragana arborescens Siberian Pea Tree, Siberian peashrub". PFAF Plant Database. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

[8] Facciola, Stephen (1990). Cornucopia : A Source Book of Edible Plants. Vista, California: Kampong Publications. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-9628087-0-8. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

[9] Jacke, Dave; Toensmeier, Eric (2005). Edible Forest Gardens. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-890132-60-6. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

[canavanine-10] [Rosenthal, G.A. (1977). Nitrogen allocation for L-canavanine synthesis and its relationship to chemical defense of the seed. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 5:219-220.]

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