CNMa

CNMamide receptor
CNMamide receptor
Identifiers
Organism	Drosophila melanogaster
Symbol	CNMaR
UniProt	Q9VT27
Structures
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Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

Search for
Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

CNMamide
CNMamide
Identifiers
Organism	Drosophila melanogaster
Symbol	CNMa
UniProt	Q9W076
Structures
Search for
Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

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CNMamide (CNMa) is a cyclic neuropeptide identified by computational analysis of Drosophila melanogaster protein sequences and named after its C-terminal ending motif. A gene encoding CNMa was found in most arthropods and comparison among the precursor sequences of several representative species revealed high conservation, particularly in the region of the predicted mature peptide.^[1] Two conserved cysteine residues enveloping four amino acids form a disulfide bond and were shown to be important for binding of the peptide to its receptor. Expression of CNMa was confirmed in the larval and adult brain of D. melanogaster but the function of the peptide has not been elucidated yet.

Sequences

CNMa is cleaved from a larger protein to form a mature peptide at two flanking dibasic (K or R) cleavage sites. The sequences of the final peptides are:^[1]

DROME:             Gln-Tyr-Met-Ser-Pro-Cys-His-Phe-Lys-Ile-Cys-Asn-Met-amide
APIME: Thr-Met-Ile-Ser-Tyr-Met-Thr-Leu-Cys-His-Phe-Lys-Ile-Cys-Asn-Met-amide
DAPPU:         Asp-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Ser-Met-Cys-His-Phe-Lys-Leu-Cys-Asn-Leu-amide

The overall sequence motif, in ProSite format, is [LPM]-C-[HI]-F-K-[IL]-C-N-[ML]-G-[RK](2). Some species encode two forms of CNMa via alternative splicing.^[2]

Receptor

The receptor for CNMa (CG33696) is a G protein-coupled receptor. Phylogenetic analysis identified two separate clades of CNMaRs in arthropod species, but many taxa retain only one.^[1] Existence of two paralogous CNMaRs suggests that CNMaR has additional ligands in some insect species. This assumption is also supported by absence of the gene for CNMa in the genome of Lepidopteran species (such as Bombyx mori and Danaus plexippus) that retain the CNMaR.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Jung, Sung-Hwan; Lee, Jae-Hyuk; Chae, Hyo-Seok; Seong, Jae Young; Park, Yoonseong; Park, Zee-Yong; Kim, Young-Joon (June 2014). "Identification of a novel insect neuropeptide, CNMa and its receptor". FEBS Letters. 588 (12): 2037–2041. Bibcode:2014FEBSL.588.2037J. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.028. PMID 24796791.
^ Veenstra JA (2014). "The contribution of the genomes of a termite and a locust to our understanding of insect neuropeptides and neurohormones". Frontiers in Physiology. 5: 454. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00454. PMC 4237046. PMID 25477824.

[cnma-1] Jung, Sung-Hwan; Lee, Jae-Hyuk; Chae, Hyo-Seok; Seong, Jae Young; Park, Yoonseong; Park, Zee-Yong; Kim, Young-Joon (June 2014). "Identification of a novel insect neuropeptide, CNMa and its receptor". FEBS Letters. 588 (12): 2037–2041. Bibcode:2014FEBSL.588.2037J. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.028. PMID 24796791.

[2] Veenstra JA (2014). "The contribution of the genomes of a termite and a locust to our understanding of insect neuropeptides and neurohormones". Frontiers in Physiology. 5: 454. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00454. PMC 4237046. PMID 25477824.

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