South Halmahera languages

South Halmahera
South Halmahera
Geographic; distribution	Maluku Islands
Linguistic classification	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian Eastern Malayo-Polynesian South Halmahera–West New Guinea Halmahera Sea South Halmahera; ; ; ; ; ;
Proto-language	Proto-South Halmahera
Subdivisions	East Makian – Gane; Buli;
Language codes
Glottolog	None; east2439 (East Makian–Gane); cent2270 (Buli)

The South Halmahera languages are the branch of Austronesian languages found along the southeast coast of the island of Halmahera in the Indonesian province of North Maluku. Irarutu is spoken in the east of the Bomberai Peninsula in West Papua province.

Most of the languages are only known from short word lists, but Taba and Buli are fairly well attested.

They are not related to the North Halmahera languages, which are notable for being non-Austronesian. However, Ternatan influence is considerable, a legacy of the historical dominance of the Ternate Sultanate.^[1]

Classification

The South Halmahera languages are listed below according to Glottolog 4.0's classification, with alternate names and dialects listed from Kamholz (2014: 17):^[2]

South Halmahera
- East Makian – Gane
  - Gane (Gimán; dialect: Saketa)
  - Taba (East Makian, Makian Dalam; dialects: Kayoa, Southeast Makian)
- Buli languages
  - Buli (dialect: Wayamli)
  - Maba (Bicoli)
  - Patani
  - Sawai (Weda)
- Gebe (dialect: Minyaifuin)

References

^ Teljeur, Dirk (1990), The symbolic system of the Giman of South Halmahera, Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 142 (2019, e-book ed.), Dordrecht–Providence: Foris Publications, p. 17, doi:10.1515/9783111672380, ISBN 978-3-11-167238-0, OCLC 1110710205
^ Kamholz, David (2014). Austronesians in Papua: Diversification and change in South Halmahera–West New Guinea Archived 2021-08-17 at the Wayback Machine. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zg8b1vd

[Teljeur-1] Teljeur, Dirk (1990), The symbolic system of the Giman of South Halmahera, Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 142 (2019, e-book ed.), Dordrecht–Providence: Foris Publications, p. 17, doi:10.1515/9783111672380, ISBN 978-3-11-167238-0, OCLC 1110710205

[Kamholz-2] Kamholz, David (2014). Austronesians in Papua: Diversification and change in South Halmahera–West New Guinea Archived 2021-08-17 at the Wayback Machine. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8zg8b1vd

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